英语构词法在高考中的应用(20200614113248)

英语构词法在高考中的应用

本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化

2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义

3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量

考情分析：

1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考)

2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考)

3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)

4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)

考点精讲：

Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change.

Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.

英语构词法主要有三种方法：

一．.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词

eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇)

二. 转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类:

eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水

三. 派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:

eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的，只改变其。

happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的

一．合成法：

…Yet, shopkeepers m ay have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter”mean?

A.商店里的小偷

B. 商店里的推销员

C.商店里的老客户

D.商店里的搬运工

注意：

请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。

1.For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.

2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.

3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.

二．转化法：

He is a man with broad s houlders.

We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.

Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）

触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free

三．派生法（重点）：

（一）前缀

1.否定前缀：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non-

请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。

balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair

2.请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义

retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducation subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport

归纳：

巩固练习：

1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.

What does the word “mispresent ”mean?

A.Making a wrong judgment about

B.Understanding somebody wrongly

C.Giving a wrong description of

D.Forming a wrong opinion about

2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.

3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be t ransplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…

(二）后缀

1.常见的名词后缀

A: 表示人的后缀：