工程硕士英语-测试习题集英译汉、汉译英、作文

Test1汉译英

在探寻既现代又独具中国特色的风格时、可以保留、模仿或是忽略传统的建筑模式。

在过去的100年中，新技术已改变了建筑的种种可能性。改进了的电梯使建筑师可以设计真正的摩天大楼(skyscraper)、同时空调的发展已使得大型综合性建筑得以兴建。In the search for a style that is both modern and uniquely Chinese，traditional architectural patterns can be preserved，copied or ignored．Over the last 100 years new technology has transformed architectural possibilities．Improved elevators enabled architects to design true Skyscrapers，and the development of air-conditioning has al1owed the construction of large building complexes．

英译汉

In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem less important because of greater needs: the need to shelter from cruel news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose dishonesty or to promote the public interest．

At times，doctors see important reasons to lie for the patient?s own sake; in their eyes，such 1ies differ sharply from self-serving ones, “ours is a profession which truth?s sake, and that is …as far as possible do no harm?”.

在医疗行业就和在法律、政府与其他行业中一样、对诚实的要求似乎经常因为更大的需要而显得不那么重要：需要掩盖残酷的消息，或是需要倍守保密的诺言；需要捐露欺骗行为，或是需要促进公众利益。

有时候医生们认为，为了病人自身的利益，撒谎很有必要：在他们看来，这种谎言与利己的谎言截然不同。“我们这个职业，传统上馅守一条信条，那就是：‘尽可能不造成伤害，。这—·信条超越为讲真话而讲真话的美德。”

Test2汉译英

由于没有阶层出身、承袭(inherit)的职业或教育上的限制阻碍一个孩子的发展，他所能取得的成就从理论上讲也就没百止境。因为从理论上讲任何男孩都能成为总统，所以奋斗(striving)是一种道德义务。成就，而不是阶层出身、是评价男人的标准。

Since there are no limits of class, inherited occupation or education to hold a child back, there are, in theory, no limits to what he can achieve. Since any boy can, in theory, become President, striving is a moral obligation. Achievement, not class, is the standard by which men are judged.

英译汉

Unlike many other aspects of life，relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren?t arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the discontinuous ,the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the “rough edges” are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day

与生活中许多其他方面不同，工作人员之间的关系通常简单些，不那么复杂，而且较少感情色彩。这并不是说没有争论和嫉妒，但总的来讲，行为科学研究揭示，工作中的人际关系会要宽松些，可能是因为这种人际关系更有规律，更易于预料，因此也更容易协调?而社团中的人际关系是断断续续的，更紧张，而且较少有规律可循。工作班组也会对其成员稍稍施加压力，促使他们学会互相协调，消除“锋芒”，因为人们知道他们每天都要共同努力，相互协作，才能完成一定的工作。

Test3汉译英

“新世纪”梨是继日本水晶梨后培育出来的新品种。目前仅产在个别国家和地区。其采摘期为8月底到10月初。北京梨山果品有限公司已为其注册了‘宝岛’牌商标*并经中国绿色食品发展中心检测、审定，被批准使用绿色食品商标标志。

“New Century” pear is a new fruit after Japanese "Crystal" pear. It is only planted in very few countries and regions. The picking season is firm the end of August to the beginning of October. Beijing Lishan Fruit Limited has registered the trademark of Treasure island Brand. "New Century" pear has got the permission to use green food mark by China Green Food Developing Center after strict examination.

英译汉

Mr. White, our new principal, determined to do something about the spreading cheating in our university. He issued bulletins and began to warn those teachers who did not watch alertly. Under pressure, the faculty reported the names of wrongdoers. Mr. White 's rigorous campaign against the cheaters seemed to be paying off.

新校长怀特先生决心对我们大学里越来越普遍的考试作弊行为采取措施。他发布公告，并开始警告那些监考不严的教师。在压力之下，教师们报告了作弊学生的姓名。怀特先生对作弊学生所采取的严厉行动似乎正在收到效果。

Test4汉译英

体能娱乐(physical recreation)让我们有机会增强我们的体质以反能满足我们竞争的天性。这种活动的范围包括从事费力的运动，如：马拉松赛跑、打篮球或打网

球、以及慢步调的项日如馒跑成高尔夫球。体能娱乐不仅能力我们的日常生活提供受欢迎且必需的休息，而且提醒我们注意身体状况。

Physical recreation affords us the opportunities to strengthen our bodies md to satisfy our competitive nature. The activities range from participation in strenuous sports such as running in marathon races, playing basketball, or playing a couple of sets of tennis, to slow-paced events like jogging, or a round of golf Physical pastimes provide welcome and necessary breaks in our daily lives, md alert us to our physical condition.

英译汉

Some people think that the spread of automated machines will deprive mankind of its proper functions. This kind of point of view has been confirmed by the use of language translator. With important technological and scientific work being done today, a machine can be set to treat a foreign language as a coded message which it can analyze and put into English As strange as it might seem, these machines are taking over as translators in ever increasing numbers.

有人认为自动化设备的推广会夺取人类特有的职能。这些人的担心在语言翻译机中得到了确证。在科技工作取得重大进展的今天，有一种机器经过调节，它就能将外语作为电码信号来处理，接着再对电码信号进行分析后译成英语。尽管这看起来似乎很新奇，但是越来越多的机器正在接任译员的工作。

Test5汉译英

在过去的10年中，中国的经济发生了巨大的变化。传统的经济体系已经得到改造，新的市场经济体制已经建立。国民经济连续5年以l0％的速度增长。此外，中国政府还采取了一些有效的措施进一步扩大对美国和欧洲国家的贸易。仅1999年，对外贸易额比1998年就增长了27％。

Over the past ten years, a huge change has taken place in China's economy The traditional, economic system has been transformed, and a new market economic system has been established. The national economy continued to increase by 10% for five years additionally; the Chinese Government has taken effective steps to increase its exports to the United States and European countries. In 1999 only, her foreign trade grew 27% higher than that in 1998.

英译汉

There were reasons for this marked shift of national emphasis from political affairs to the great development of the nation's economy and industry The nation at large was exhausted flam the Civil War, By the 1870's, most Americans felt that it was time to turn to building their own lives. At the same time, the post-war expansion of railroad transportation, and the exploitation of steam and electrical power obviously played major roles. Equally important too, was the vast physical size of the nation itself with its endless supply of resources-iron, coal, cupper, gold, etc. Almost all these lay waiting after the war, inviting exploitation.

有很多原因促成了国家发展的重点从政治事务明显地转向对国家的经济和工业的巨大发展上来。整个国家被南北战争稿得精疲力竭。到19世纪70年代，多数美国人认为建设自己的生活的时代到来了。与此同时,战后铁路交通的发展，蒸汽和电力的开发明显地发挥了重大的作用。幅员辽阔的国土及其取之不尽的资源——铁、煤、钢、金等也同样重要。所有这些都等待着战后的外发。

Test6汉译英

博物馆变了。许多博物馆在外表上发生了变化。一些古老的、灰暗的博物馆已经重建，较新的博物馆建筑都很敞亮和现代化。内部有现代化的照明、色彩和音响。越来越多的博物馆负责人认识到：当人们能设法成为他所观察的事物的一部分时，学习效果最好。

Museums have changed. Many museums have changed in appearance. Some of the old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the newer ones are open and modern in their architecture. Inside, there is modern lightening, color and sound More and more museum directors ate realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.

英译汉

Of course, today scientists, engineers and a few million computer hobbyists know the power of computer networking, and they take the convenience of networking for granted. But imagine that the network could transmit not just text but video and voice. It is easy to imagine uses for such a system because prototypes (原型) are already available. But the prototypes are limited because they link only a few computers.

当然，今天的科学家、工程师和几百万计算机业余爱好音都知道计算机联网的威力，他们认为联网所提供的便利是不言而响的，但是请想一下，如果联网机小仅仅能传送文字，而且能传送图像和声音，这种系统可有哪些用途是不难想象的．因为现在有／汗多原型。但是这些原型机有局限1生，因为它们只能联系几台计算机。

Test7汉译英

牛仔们几乎每天都早出晚归地工作。他们通常只在发薪日去城里, —个月的进城次数会超过一次的没有几个人。在城里，牛仔可能会将挣的钱全部喝掉或者输掉。有时他们会因为喝得太多而做坏事，但是大多数城镇对他们不是很严厉、因为他们不想失去生意。

Cowboys worked almost every day, from sunup to sundown. Few cowboys got to town more than once a month, usually on payday. In town, a cowboy might drink an gamble away his pay .Sometimes, they drank too much and did something wrong. But most towns were not too hard on cowboys for they did not want to lose their business.

英译汉

Most companies offer only about half of their earnings so stockholders as dividends（红利）They often put the rest of their profits back into the operation of the business. A major motivation of executives is to expand their operations faster than their competitors. The important point, however, is that without profit over the long term no firm can survive. For growing firms in competitive markets a major indicator of executive competence is the ability to raise compamy earnings by increasing sales or productivity. This principle distinguishes the field of busines from other fields.

大多数公司只将大约收益的一半作为红利分给股东，他们通常将赢利的其余部分再投回生意运作。经营者的主要目的是以快于其竞争音的速度扩展运作。然而有一点是很重要的：任何一个公司如果长期不赢利是无法生存的。对于在竞争的市场中不断发展的公司来讲，衡量经营者能力的标尺就是他们通过扩大销售和生产加大公司赢利的能力。这便是商业领域有别于其他领域的—条重要原则。

Test8汉译英

一个仍热烈争论的问题是应该如何教育母治为西班牙语的美国儿童。面临这个问题的大多数学校实行了双语(bilingual)教育——学生接受母语教学，同时学习用英语读和写。专家们认为这种做法可避免儿童在传统课堂上感到低人一等或被冷落。

An issue that is still hotly debated is how Spanishspealcing children in the U. 5 should be educated Most schools facing this problem have started bilingual oducatio~ through which st dents are taught in their native language while they a e learning to real and write English. Evpeds think such programs cm prevent children from feeling inferior or left out in tradidona classes 英译汉

A hero, it is said ,is someone who is 'larger than lite'', whom we can admire for great qualities or abilities that we may never have. Heroes have included political and religious leaders, athletes, movie stars, and musicians. Today however, many people say they do not have heroes. Political figures in today's world of leaders rarely, if ever, appear larger than life to us. In today's world of curious journalists and a television-age public, it seems difficult for anyone to attain heroic status.

With the loss of our heroes, then, what is left for us to look up to? The popular word in today's language is "role model", someone whose behavior is “imitated”, but not necessarily "courageous" or "heroic". Sports players continue to be regarded as role models by their fans. Business leaders who have stood up to economic pressure to save American industry from failure have also been considered role models.

人们说，英雄是超凡之人，他们团具备常人所没有的伟大品格或卓越能力而令我们崇拜。英服包括政治和末教领袖、运动员、电影明星和音乐家，然而，现在LY

多人却说他们心小没有英族‘当今领袖界的政治人物们很少显得超凡脱俗gp使有，也是凤毛膀角在当今世界卜、面对有爱刺探打听的记者们和电视时代的公众．任

何人似乎都很难成为英雄。

随着英雄的逝去、那么，还行谁让我们敬佩呢”现代记要中的流行词是“偶像’、他们的行为被“模仿‘但却并7；‘定是英勇的·或。崇高的”：运动员继续被其

狂热支持者们视力偶像。那些承受／经济压力挽救美国工业免于崩溃的商界领袖们也被视力偶像。

Test9汉译英

市场调查在成功的商业上占重要一环。许多小公司不做市场调查，因为这要花费许多时间，而许多小公司的老板常常急着赚钱。但大公司推出新产品前总会先做市场调查。欧美的大公司在市场调查上花许多钱而且这样的研究通常费时颇久。市场调查涉及许多事情，最重要的事情是确定消费者需求，然后满足他们的需求。

Marketing research is a very important part of successful business. Many small companies do not use marketing research because it takes a long time and small company owners are often in a hurry to make money. But, big companies always use marketing research before they introduce a new product. In the US and Europe, big companies spend a lot of money on marketing research and such research usually takes a long time. Marketing research involves many things. The most important thing is to determine consumers? needs and then meet their needs.

英译汉

Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intends meaning and often causes misunderstandings. in designing advertisements to be use in other countries, marketers are recognizing the need to keep messages as short and simple as possible and to avoid idioms, jargon, and slang that are difficult to translate. Similarly, they avoid jokes, since humor does not translate well from one culture to another. What is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The bottom line is that consumers interpret advertising in terms of their own cultures. As the global marketplace opens up, there is no room for linguistic or cultural blunders.

高效的译员意在抓住广告的全面信息、因为逐字逐句地翻译原文几乎无法准确表达想说明的意思，而且还会经常造成误解。在设计将用于国外的广告时，商家们意识到有必要使信息做到言简意赅；避免使用很难翻译的成语、行话和理语。同样．要避免运用笑话，因为幽默是很难从一个文化翻译成另外一个文化的。世界上某个地方认为有趣的事在另一个地方也许不再幽默。最重要的是我们要懂得顾客们是依照他们自己的文化来理解广告的。随着全球市场的放开、语言及文化上的失误将是无法容忍的。

Test10汉译英

跨文化交际不仅需要另一种语言的知识，而且也需要对非语言行为(手势、面部表情)以及文化行为、价值、习俗的理解。这是一种不仅理解单词，而且要理解隐藏的含义、动机和意图的能力。掌握这些跨文化技巧非常重要，因为这些对你学业的成功起着非常重要的作用。当然，学习的过程并不容易，也许需要扩展你的文化行为及视角来容纳文化的差异。

Cross-cultural communication requires not only knowledge of another language but also familiarity with nonverbal behavior (gestures, facial expressions) and cultural practices, values, and customs. Extending beyond an understanding of the words, it is the ability to understand hidden meanings, motivations, and intentions. Mastery of these intercultural skills is essential because they will play a major role in determining your academic success. Of course, the learning process is not easy, and your cultural practices and perspectives may need to be expanded to allow for cultural differences.

英译汉

Hong Kong is a city inclined toward red; in Thailand the color is yellow; Indi leans toward reds and ormges. These are nmt political colors, but colors that suggest religious beliefs.

To an Asiam colors are full of beliefs, religious and otherwise. To the Chinese, red is very lucky, but to Thais yellow brings good fortune. The combination of blue, black, an white is, to the Chinese, suggestive of a funeral.

Color is a touchy thing. Advertisers are advised to take into consideration the religious and superstitious (迷信的) beliefs connected with colors before using them. The color combinations of green and purple are acceptable throughout Asia as these colors seem to have been worn by religious leaders in earlier times.

香港倾向于红色，泰国倾向于黄色，印度则倾向于红色和橙色。这些颜色并不带政治色彩，却带有宗教色彩。

对一个亚洲人来说，颜色是充满信念的，有着宗教的或非宗教的含义。对中国人来说，红色是非常幸运的，但对泰国人来说黄色会带来好运。对中国人来说，蓝、黑以及白的组合则意味着葬礼。

颜色是个很微妙的东西。广告商们被建议在使用颜色前要考虑到与颜色有关的宗教和迷信观念。绿色与紫色的组合在整个亚洲郝是可以接受的，因为这些颜色似乎是早期宗教领袖的着装色。