浙江高考英语百日训练之书面表达概要写作(14)含答案解析

浙江高考英语百日训练之书面表达概要（14）含答案解析
【题文】
Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize (最小化) discomfort, illness, and pain. And procedures that cause animals great suffering are permitted only when no other procedure is available. Moreover, there are federal regulations stating how animals art to be housed, fed. and preserved. Not only must researches try very hard to avoid causing physical discomfort, they are also required to promote the psychological well-being of some species of research animals, such as monkeys.
Why should animals be used for research in the first place? Is it really possible to learn about human behavior from the results of research employing rats and pigeons? The answer is that psychological research that does employ animals has a different focus and is designed to answer different questions than research that uses humans. For example, the shorter life span of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a much smaller period than they could by using human participants. Moreover, some principles of behavior are similar across species, and so some basic behavioral phenomena can be studied more simply in animals. Finally, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments—conditions that could not practically be met with human beings.
Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans. For example, it provided the keys to noticing eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage Despite the value of research with animal participants, the use of animals in psychological research is highly controversial. For example, some critics believe that animals have rights no less significant than those of humans, and that because animals are unable to agree to participation in studies, their use is not moral. Others object to the use of animals on methodological (方法论的) grounds, saying it is impossible to generalize from finding on nonhuman species to humans.
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【答案】
Researchers must follow rules to help animals not suffer in psychological experiments. (要点1) Psychological researches using animals can make psychologists learn about human behaviors more effectively, more simply and more practically. (要点2). And they also provided the information for psychologists to benefit humans. (要点3)However, the use of animals in psychological experiments has caused a lot of discussion and disagreement in the public. (要点4)
【解析】本文是概要写作，其写作步骤如下：
1）细读原文。

首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。

2）弄清要求。

是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。

3）列出原文要点。

分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。

在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

总之，文章涵盖了全部要点，在写作中注意使用非谓语，让句式简单明了，同时能正确地使用连词，把文章有机地联合起来。

作者抓住了关键词，使用了连接词，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，用简洁的语言概括了文章重要信息。

【标题】浙江省湖州、衢州、丽水三市2017届高三上学期9月教学质量检测英语试题
【结束】。