专题复习11一主谓一致

专题复习十一主谓一致

【基础知识梳理】

一、主谓一致的原则

1、语法一致原则

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

2、意义一致原则

(1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。

(2) 主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。

3、就近原则

谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。

二、要注意的一些问题

1、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。Smoking is not a good habit.

To live happily needs a lot of things.

What I said is true.

2、如果由and连接的两个单数名词做主语，指的是同一个人或物的时候，用单数动词。

The singer and songwriter is dead.

The science and technology plays an important part in China.

Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.

“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.

如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数动词。

Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.

Each minute and second is valuable to us.

3. 主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数。

Jack with his family wants to go to China.

He, as well as you, is very honest.

No one but I is a student.

Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.

The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.

4. 由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb.，sth.---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数。

Each of you is cleverer than me.

Neither student has passed the exam.

Is anybody here?

5. both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,永远用复数动词. Several friends were invited to the party.

Both books are sold out.

6. all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词，谓语动词用单数;；若是修饰复数名词，就用复数动词。

Most of the apple is bad.

Most of the apples are bad.

None of this money is yours.

None of the people here are teachers.

7.由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致。

You or he is wrong.

Are you or he wrong?

由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时，动词和最近的主语一致。

Either he or you have to tell the truth.

Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.

Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.

8. 若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”、“一笔钱”、“一段距离”、“一个数量”、“一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词。

Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.

Five thousand dollars is too much.

Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.

9. people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等。

His family are all singers.

His family is very large.

10. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。

Those who want to go please sign their names here.

11. 一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等，作主语时谓语用复数形式。

The scales（天平）are mine.

但是成双的东西前面有a pair of 要用单数。

This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.

12. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, ,one of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式；而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

The number of the students in our class is 50.

A number of students are learning Japanese now.

The number of the students is over 800.

13. 算术式通常用单数。Two times two is four.

14. ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。

15. 书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

The united states is a capitalist country.

“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.