写作微技能之概要

• • • • • • • • • •
常用的概要写作的技巧 1. 把握全文大意 2. 分析文章结构 3. 使用主题句 4. 提炼关键词 5. 选取重要层面 6. 合并分层意思 7. 转换视角 8. 省略细节 9. 减少例子
• • • • • • • •
10. 简化描写 11. 避免细节 12. 主动与被动适时转换 13. 根据需要使用并列句或复合句 14. 句子变短语 15. 短语变为词汇 16. 多用概括性词汇，少用具体的描述性词汇 17. 使用连接词过渡
• • • •
18. 改变单词词性 19. 三步法概括议论文 20. 要素串联法概括记叙文 21. 用概括性文字概括说明文
• 概要写作第一招
• 学会概要写作就是要把握全文大意
微技能训练
（用一句话概括全文）
• 1. What is your favorite restaurant? Mine is Friday’s, of course! At Friday’s I can order any kind of Western food I like, such as hamburger, salad, French fries, steak , and all kinds of sandwiches. The waiters and waitresses wore funny and interesting clothes, too, and they were working always with smile. Although Friday’s is not as cheap as McDonald’s, it is not expensive, either. • With its good food, great service and reasonable price, Friday’s is my favorite restaurant.
Leabharlann Baidu
• 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面， 评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 • 6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数减低一个档 次。
• 我对概要写作的理解： • 1. 主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的慨括能 力和对文章整体结构的把握能力。是基于 阅读理解的书面表达，是阅读与写作的完 美结合。 • 2. 概要写作就是对所读的文章写出中心思 想。要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括 功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章 的原句。
写作微技能之概要写作
把最易失去的分捡起来
• 学习目标： • 1. 了解概要写作的要求 • 2. 学会使用把握大意和分析结构进行概要 写作。
• 考试说明（2015年版）解读：
• 概要写作。 • 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短 文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。阅读时将主要 考虑以下内容： • （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； • （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； • （3）上下文的连贯性； • （4）对各要点表达的独立性情况
• 评分原则 • 1. 总分25分，按5个档次给分。（21-25...) • 2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定 其所属档次，然后以该档的要求来衡量、确定或调 整档次，最后给分。 • 3. 词数少于40的和多余80的，从总分中减去2分。 • 4. 评分时，应注意从以下四个方面考虑：
• （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； • （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； • （3）上下文的连贯性； • （4）对各要点表达的独立性情况
• 4. My parents and teachers always told me not to smoke, but I wanted to try it. My best friend David smokes, and one day he gave me a cigarette. “Here, try this.” he said, “You’ll like it.” At first I put the wrong end of the cigarette into my mouth, but David showed me how to do it right. Then he lit it. Oh, my God! I coughed for almost an hour, and then I threw up. • Smoking is bad for our health.
举例说明：
写出中心思想。要把文章的具体信息用一些 具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄 袭文章的原句。 • She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation. • 概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the winter vacation.
• • • • • •
• •
点拨： 本文讲了三层意思。 第一层： 过去典型中国家庭模式（a typical Chinese family in the past)。 第二层： 现代家庭模式的变化形式（The changing form of the modern Chinese family). 第三层： 家庭结构变化所带来的不利之处（The disadvantages of the change of the Chinese family)
• 2. My father asked me to help him paint our new
apartment yesterday morning. At first I wanted to watch TV or go out with my friends. After thinking about it, though, I realized that I should help around our house ,too. Besides, my father often does a lot of things for me. We worked together all morning and afternoon. By dinner time I was tired and hungry, but I felt good. We finished the painting, and the house looked and smelled new. Playing around is not the only way to feel good. • The writer worked very hard yesterday, but he felt really good at the end of that long day.
• 概要写作第二招
• 学会概要归纳就是要分析文章结构
•
A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large .Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof. • But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society. • With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. A spoiled “little emperor” is found everywhere. Besides, who will take care of the old?
• 3. You may think that the ring has a diamond in it, but it doesn’t. You may think that the ring is made of gold, but it isn’t. You may think that the ring was very expensive, but my boy friend made it with love. That is why it was my favorite gift. • My favorite gift is a ring from my boyfriend with love.
•
点拨：
• 1. 谁做了什么？（Who did what?) • ...my husband received a letter from a young woman • ...she wanted to thank him for his encouragement • 2. 结果怎么样？（What was the result?) • ...a wonderful gift to a retired teacher • 3. 文章揭示了什么，说明了什么道理？ • (What was the meaning?) • ...a good teacher might have great effect on his students • 概要归纳： • The story tells us that a former student wrote to the author’s husband a thankful letter, which meant a lot to him. From the letter, the writer learnt that a good teacher might have a great effect on his students.
巩固训练
• My husband received a letter from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life. • In the letter she wrote, “You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought I would be interested in it. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and today I am working as a math professor in California College.” • What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters. This one was special.