阅读理解之猜测词意

阅读理解之猜测词意

-------“国培计划”内蒙古英语短期培训总结

内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗梧桐花中学苗玉翠我有幸参加了“国培计划”内蒙古自治区农村牧区初中英语教师短期集中培训。在培训期间通过专家们精彩的讲座及听课，我对初中英语教学的教育理念与课程设计等方面都有了进一步的加深与理解，尤其在北京第50中学听翟老师的阅读课，我对阅读课有了新的认识，新的理解。我们上阅读课时要给学生灌输阅读方法、阅读技巧以提高学生的阅读能力。下面我对阅读理解---猜测词义做一下总结。

一．大纲中关于阅读理解的要求

要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：

１、理解主旨要义；

２、理解文中具体信息；

３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；

４、作出简单判断和理解；

５、理解文章的基本结构；

６、理解作者的意图和态度。

大纲要求：根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义。

二．测试方式：一是阅读理解中有3%的生词（不包括根据构词法可以推断词义的词），可能会对正确理解文意造成障碍；二是阅读理解设题中设有猜测词义题，所设的词汇或短语可能是熟悉的，也有可能

是不熟悉的。

词义猜测题常用提问方式有：

The word “…” refers to /probably means /could best be replaced by____.

The word “…” is most likely to mean_____.

What do you think the expression “…” stands for?

The underlined word “…” means ______.

三．猜测词意的方法

1.定义或解释说明

●信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as

A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.

Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.

●定语从句或同位语

Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats.

He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.

●标点符号 ( ) ---- :

It will be very hard but also very brittle--- that is, it will break easily.

Tornadoes ( violent and destructive whirl wind ) normally occur on hot, humid ( a little wet ) day, but not necessarily in the sum

2、对比关系

信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等

Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

3、因果关系

信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus

Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.

4、举例法

信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of

Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.

On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.

5、重述

信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.

In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.

6、同义词、近义词

信号词: or, like , as…as, the same as

Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

7、生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理

When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 8. 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义/语意

例题：

Tom can’t find his sneakers.