放射名称

（RT）

全称（Radiotherapy,Radiation Therapy）

中文名称（放疗，放射治疗）

简单说明及相关介绍（放射治疗是利用放射线治疗肿瘤的一种方法，是当今治疗肿瘤的三大手段之一。据统计，大约有60～70%恶性肿瘤患者需要接受放射治疗。有些恶性肿瘤通过放疗可以得到根治，并可能获得同类同期肿瘤的手术治疗的疗效，且可保存所在的器官及其功能。）

IMRT

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

调强放射治疗

调强放射治疗与以往放射治疗技术不同，它通过调节各个方向照射野的野内射线的强度产生非均匀照射野，达到肿瘤的高剂量三维适形分布和危及器官的低剂量分布，从而提高肿瘤的照射剂量，尽可能地减少危及器官和正常组织的受量，最终提高肿瘤局部的控制率，改善肿瘤患者的生存质量。

MLC

MultiLeaf Collimator

多叶准直器，多叶光栅

MLC最初设计主要是用于替代射野挡铅，后来发展成了IMRT的基础，控制叶片运动可实现静态MLC和动态MLC调强。

QA & QC

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

质量保证和质量控制

放射治疗的QA是指经过周密计划而采取的一系列必要的措施，保证放射治疗的整个服务过程中的各个环节按国际标准准确安全的执行。这个简单的定义意味着质量保证有两个重要内容：质量评定，即按一定标准度量和评价整个治疗过程中的服务质量和治疗效果；质量控制，即采取必要的措施保证QA的执行，并不断修改服务过程中的某些环节，达到新的QA级水平

AAPM

American Association of Physicists in Medicine

美国医学物理学家协会

AAPM FACT SHEET

The AAPM:

A scientific, educational, and professional organization of more than 4,700 medical physicists. Headquarters are located at the American Center for Physics in College Park, MD, with a staff of 20, Annual budget is over $5M. Publications include a scientific journal ("Medical Physics"), technical reports, and symposium proceedings.

Medical Physics:

An applied branch of physics concerned with the application of the concepts and methods of

physics to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. It is allied with medical electronics, bioengineering, and health physics.

Medical Physicists:

Most have an MS or Ph.D. in medical physics, physics, radiation biology, or a related discipline, and training in clinical medical physics. Clinical training may be obtained through a residency traineeship or a postdoctoral program of one or two years in a hospital. Clinical medical physicists are employed in medical schools, hospitals or clinics, or are in private practice. These physicists divide their time between clinical service and consultation, research and development, and teaching. Some medical physic ists work in industrial or research positions, and have no clinical responsibilities.

Medical Physicist's Role:

Medical physicists contribute to the effectiveness of radiological imaging procedures by assuring radiation safety and helping to develop improved imaging techniques (e.g., mammography CT, MR, ultrasound). They contribute to development of therapeutic techniques (e.g., prostate implants, stereotactic radiosurgery), collaborate with radiation oncologists to design treatment plans, and monitor equipment and procedures to insure that cancer patients receive the prescribed dose of radiation to the correct location.

Medical physicists are responsible for ensuring that imaging and treatment facilities meet the rules and regulations of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and various State Health Departments.

Medical Physicist Credentials:

The American Board of Radiology certifies medical physicists, as does the American Board of Medical Physics. Medical physicists contribute to the education and certification of radiologists and radiation oncologists. Many are members of physician organizations such as the American College of Radiology, the Radiological Society of North America, and the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

Salaries for clinical medical physicists are derived from technical payments to hospitals and sharing of physicians' professional reimbursement, or through fee-for-service in private practice SAD

Source to Axis Distance

源轴距

放射源到机架旋转或机器等中心的距离。

SSD

Source to Surface Distance

源皮距

放射源到模体表面照射野中心的距离。