中英双语解读-嗜铬细胞瘤治疗药物

嗜铬细胞瘤

目录

嗜铬细胞瘤 (1)

注意事项 (1)

How common is condition? (2)

Medication (3)

嗜铬细胞瘤会持续或间断地释放大量的儿茶酚胺，引起持续性或阵发性高血压和多个器官功能衰竭。其引起的高血压为主要症状，有阵发性和持续性两型。

在一般情况下，嗜铬细胞瘤会使用α受体拮抗剂或钙通道阻滞剂等来降压，但某些少数情况下也需使用β受体拮抗剂来联合治疗。

注意事项

1）使用范围：

嗜铬细胞瘤手术切除前，β受体拮抗剂不必常规应用。如患者合并心动过速或者儿茶酚胺心肌病时，则需采用。对于合并未控制的哮喘或充血性心力衰竭的患者禁用。

2）如何使用

在用β受体拮抗剂之前，必须先用α受体拮抗剂！推荐使用α受体拮抗剂至少3-4 天后再开始使用β受体拮抗剂。β受体拮抗剂应由短效、小剂量起始，后续调整。如果一开始便应用β受体阻滞剂，会抑制交感舒张血管神经的代偿作用，而加重高血压，甚而发

生急性肺水肿等。

嗜铬细胞瘤在高血压病人中患病率为0.05%～0.2%，发病高峰为20～50岁。嗜铬细胞瘤位于肾上腺者占80%～90%，且多为一侧性；肾上腺外的瘤主要位于腹膜外、腹主动脉旁。多良性，恶性者占10%。与大部分肿瘤一样，散发型嗜铬细胞瘤的病因仍不清楚。家族型嗜铬细胞瘤则与遗传有关。

A tumor originating in cells of the adrenal gland that causes overproduction of certain hormones.

How common is condition?

Very rare (Fewer than 20,000 cases per year in US)

Often requires lab test or imaging

Treatment from medical professional advised

Can last several years or be lifelong

Pheochromocytomas are largely familial. They are associated with genetic mutations and syndromes. High blood pressure, sweating, rapid heartbeat and difficulty in breathing are some of the symptoms. Treatment involves surgery to remove the tumor.

Most cases of pheochromocytoma arise sporadically, and the exact cause is

unknown

Familial pheochromocytoma may be present as part of a genetic syndrome, or show isolated occurrences (isolated familial pheochromocytoma)

Syndromes which show pheochromocytoma as a symptom include:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2a and 2b

Von Hippel- Lindau syndrome

Neurofibromatosis

Familial paraganglioma syndromes types 1, 2, 3 and 4

Mutations in the following genes are associated with pheochromocytoma: RET, NF1, MEN2, SDH

Surgical removal of the tumor is the first choice. Other treatments may be required based on the nature of the tumor (malignant or benign). Medication may be needed to manage symptoms.

Medication

Alpha blockers: To keep the small blood vessels relaxed.

Phenoxybenzamine ·Doxazosin

Beta blockers: To open up the blood vessels.

Atenolol ·Metoprolol

Chemotherapy: Used to treat malignant pheochromocytomas.

Cyclophosphamide/Vincristine/Dacarbazine