英语非谓语动词：不定式,动名词和分词

英语非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词

非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）

（一）动词不定式

动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。

动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式“not to +动词原形”。

1.用法

（1）作主语。往往用it作为形式主语。

如：It is time to get up.

（2）作宾语。如果带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。

如：I find it interesting to study English.

有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。如：decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。

（3）作宾语补足语

A：带to的动词不定式有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，beg，invite等。

如：He asked me to do the work.

B :接不带to的动词不定式有：see，watch，hear,make ,let等。

如：I often see him play football.

使役动词不带to,动词有：一感二听三让四观看。

一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let，have，make 四观看：observe,see,watch,look at

注意：feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时，要带to.

如：I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.

注意：带but介词的不定式。如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么but后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。另外，在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。

如：He could do anything but study.

He has no choice but to study.

（4）作定语

如：He is looking for a house to live in.

（5）作状语：原因、结果、条件等

如：She is very happy to hear the news.（原因）

（6）作表语（位于系动词后面）

如：His job is to help others.

(7)与疑问词who,which, when,how等连用，起名词作用

如：How to solve the problem is very important.（主语）

2.动词不定式做逻辑主语

（1）“for+宾语或名词+动词不定式”

如：It’s very important for us to study English every day.

（2）“it’s+形容词good/kind/nice/clever...+of+动词不定式”

如：It’s very kind of you to tell me.

3.动词不定式的时态和语态

（1）一般式、进行式和完成式

一般式：to do如：I am glad to talk with you.

进行式：to be doing如： I am glad to be talking with you.

完成式：to have done 如：I planed to have called you,but I forgot to.

（3）语态

（1）to be done: The bike need to be repaired.

（2）to have been done: It is said to have been given to children.

（3）There be句型

如：There is a lot of work to do.

（二）动名词（doing）

1.作宾语的动名词

（1）有些及物动词只能接-ing,如：mind,miss,enjoy,escape,practise,suggest,keep,avoid,appreciate,advise,admit, risk,finish,imagine等

（2）有些动词可接不定式也可以动名词做宾语。如remember，forget，stop，mean,try,regret,learn,go on.

A: Remember/forget/regret+to do表示没有做的动作/+doing表示已做的动作B: stop+to do停下来做另一件事/+doing停止正在做的事

C：try +to do 努力做/+doing试一试

D：mean+to do打算做事/+doing意味着做某事

E: learn + to do准备学做/+doing正学习着在做

F：go on+ to do接着做另一件不同的事/+doing继续把同一件事做下去

（3）need, demand, want, require表示“需要”,主动表被动

be worth doing 值得做

如：Your shirt need cleaning= Your shirt need to be cleaned.

（4）固定词组+doing

Can’t help...,give up...,keep on....,set about...（着手），insist on...,persist in...,put off...（推迟）,get down to...