英文翻译考试：堕胎

Abortion

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy due to removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion that occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage. When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called an induced abortion, or less frequently an "induced miscarriage". The word abortion is often used to mean only induced abortions.

Modern methods use medication or surgery for abortions. The drug mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin appears to be as safe and effective as surgery during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The most common surgical technique involves dilating the cervix and using a suction device. Birth control, such as the pill or intrauterine devices, can be used immediately following abortion. When performed legally and safely, induced abortions do not increase the risk of long-term mental or physical problems.

In very early abortions, up to 7 weeks gestation, medical abortion using a mifepristone–misoprostol combination regimen is considered to be more effective than surgical abortion (vacuum aspiration). Early medical abortion regimens using mifepristone, followed 24–48 hours later by buccal or vaginal misoprostol are 98% effective up to 9 weeks gestational age. If medical abortion fails, surgical abortion must be used to complete the procedure.

Vacuum aspiration may be used as a method of induced abortion, as a therapeutic procedure after miscarriage, to aid in menstrual regulation, and to obtain a sample for endometrial biopsy. It is also used to terminate molar pregnancy.

When used as a miscarriage treatment or an abortion method, vacuum aspiration may be used alone or with cervical dilation anytime in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks gestational age). For more advanced pregnancies, vacuum aspiration may be used as one step in a dilation and evacuation procedure.

堕胎

堕胎是怀孕的结束，因为在胚胎或胎儿能够在子宫外存活之前将其移除。自发发生的堕胎也称为流产。当采取刻意的措施来结束怀孕时，它被称为人工流产，或者更少的是“诱导流产”。这个词流产通常用来指仅人工流产。

现代方法使用药物或手术进行堕胎。药物米非司酮联合前列腺素似乎与怀孕第一和第二个三个月的手术一样安全有效。最常见的手术技术包括扩张子宫颈和使用抽吸装置。生育控制，如药丸或宫内节育器，可在流产后立即使用。当合法和安全地进行时，人工流产不会增加长期精神或身体问题的风险。

在早期流产，妊娠7周，使用米非司酮- 米索前列醇联合方案的药物流产被认为比手术流产（真空吸引术）更有效。使用米非司酮的早期药物流产方案，随后24-48小时后口服或阴道米索前列醇，在胎龄9周时有效率为98％。如果药物流产失败，必须使用手术流产来完成手术。

真空抽吸可以用作人工流产的方法，作为流产后的治疗程序，以帮助经期调节，以及获得用于子宫内膜活组织检查的样品。它也用于终止葡萄胎妊娠。

当用作流产治疗或流产方法时，可以在妊娠早期（胎龄至12周）的任何时间单独使用或宫颈扩张使用真空吸引术。对于更高级的妊娠，真空吸引术可以用作扩张和撤离程序中的一个步骤。