翻译综合及翻译理论典型题详解

4.2 翻译综合及翻译理论典型题详解

题1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1．严复在《天演论·译例言》（1895）中提出：译事三难。此后100多年来，这就成了我国译界的一个重要的翻译标准。

2．Six guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation: .

3．英语重，汉语轻。英语多，汉语少。

英语重，汉语轻。

4．用英语解释：Hypotaxis; Parataxis.

5．用汉语解释：Theme; Rheme.

参考答案：

1．信达雅

2.①Glaring errors in ECT derived from the take-it-for-granted attitude——Dictionary is indispensable.

②Mechanical reference fails the translators——Dictionary is not always so reliable.

③English to English dictionary is sometimes a better helper.

④Never confine your reference to one dictionary.

⑤Divergent thought works when dictionaries fail to work.

⑥Dictionaries cannot be expected to be always correct, esp. the dictionaries compiled by Chinese.

3．英语重形合，汉语重意合。英语多省略，汉语少省略。英语重时体，汉语轻时体。

4．用英语解释

Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come.

Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away.

5．Theme：句子陈述的对象（即话题），谈话的出发点，它是读者从上下文或由语言外的知识得到的内容。因此，它表达的是已知信息（given information）。

Rheme：指为主体提供新信息的句子成分，是句子对陈述对象所作的陈述，即对已知事物说了些什么，它是交际的中心，叙述的目的，是读者所未知或假定读者未知的内容，因此，它表达的是未知信息（new information）。一般来说，未知信息是句子内容的重点或句子的强调点。

题2. Sentence Translation（翻译时第1和第2句时，请注意形合和意合的处理）

1．黎明即起，洒扫庭除。

2．天要下雨，娘要嫁人。

3. There are books and books.

4. It has often noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow.

5. But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too.

6. The broadcaster, owned by media mogul Rupert Murdoch, is home to “Melrose Place’’where stars like Heather Locklear sport thigh grazing skirts and plunging necklines.

7. You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually stupid at bottom.

8. Having sex once or twice a week gives a boost to the immune system that could help ward off colds and flu, New Scientist magazine said Wednesday.

9. Forms leaned together in the taxi as they waited, and voices sang, and there was laughter from unheard jokes, and lighted cigarettes outlined unintelligible gesture inside.

10. If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.

参考答案：

1. Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.

2. If Heaven wishes it to rain or your mother to remarry, there is no way to stop them.

3．世上有好书也有坏书。

4．人们已经注意到，大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们所干的任何事总是兴趣盎然。

5．但是母亲已经很多年没有走这条路了，苗条的倩影和矫健的步伐已不可复睹。

6．这家广播公司，属于一家媒体巨头Rupert Murdoch，它是Melrose Place节目的发源地，在此节目中，像Heather Locklear这样的明星惹人注目地穿着裸露大腿的裙子和低领口的衣服。

7．在日常生活中，你也许曾经注意到，那些专爱打听别人闲事的人，往往记忆力很差，而且通常他们都是一些蠢家伙。

8．星期三，新科学家杂志上提到，每周做爱一到两次能够强化人体的免疫系统，能够避免感冒或流感的侵袭。

9．那些坐在出租车里等候开车的人，影影绰绰地依偎在一起，他们情话绵绵，虽不知在低声私语什么，却可听到他们的嬉笑声，点燃着的香烟随着他们的手势一闪一闪地在跳动。至于其中奥妙，却是难以理解的。

10．26年前，她那蓝眼睛、花儿般的魅力，透着玉洁冰清秀气的脸蛋儿和身段，还有那苹果花似的脸色，曾经令Ashurst对她一见钟情。这都已成了往事。如今，43岁的她，尽管双颊隐约露出了些斑点，灰蓝色的眼睛已经有些浮肿，但依然是一个眉清目秀的忠实的伴侣。

题3. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1．美国的翻译理论家奈达博士（E.A. Nida）在其《翻译理论与实践》一书中将读者（译文受众）引入翻译标准，提出了、(注意此两格用中英文填写)的翻译原则。他认为，翻译就是“用最贴切、最自然的对等的译入语从语义和文体两方面再现原文信息”的过程，动态对等的标准就是译文的读者和原文的读者在感受上基本相同。

2．鲁迅：比如一个名词或动词，写不出，创作时可以回避，翻译却不成，还得想，一直弄到头昏眼花，好像脑子里面摸一个急于要开的钥匙，却没有。

3．严复：一名之立，旬月。

4．陆殿扬先生就曾明确指出：Translate , if possible, or, appeal to free translation.

5．乔姆斯基关于深层结构与表层结构的理论，对我们认识此点不无裨益。所谓深层结构，就是运用短语结构规则和词项插入规则后所得到的结构，它包含句子成分间的语法关系