翻译技巧1._Literal_Translation_and_Free_Translation

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Literal Translation vs. Free Translation
直译与意译
1. Literal Translation


Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original, it is a type of translation in which more attention is given to preserving the SL wording intact(完整的) than to producing a naturally reading TL, also known as word-for-word translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.
In wine there is truth. 酒后吐真言。




( 3)英语句子结构与中文较为接近时,直译能使译文 显得通顺自然。 例如: 1) “Merry”, as you may know, has two meanings: happy and drunk. 你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思:快乐和醉酒。 2) I'll always remember Thanksgivings as the times we ate good food, sang old-fashioned songs, and shared a lot of love with family and friends. 我将永远记得,感恩节是我们吃美食、唱老歌、与家人 朋友分享爱的时刻。


直译:指在转达原文意思时,使译文的表达形式和句 法结构尽量同原文一致起来,能完全对等的就完全对 等,不能完全对等的也要大致对等。其理想目标是做 到“神”、“形”兼备。即不但表达原文内容,而且 保持原文形式上的特点,如比喻、形象、民族特色等。 一般认为,译文形式与内容都与原文一致谓之直译, 即把原语的表达形式直接移入译语,保持原文的形式 与内容。 优点:在吸收外来新事物、反映异国风情上比意译更 有效,当在形式上无须另辟蹊径即可达到到忠实原文 时,当采用直译。
令人毛骨悚然——恐惧(不是“令人发指——气 愤”) be taken in 受骗,上当(不是“被接 纳”) think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是“为自己想得很多”)


pull up one's socks
鼓起勇气(不是“提上袜子”)



妖术(不是“黑色艺术”) black art black stranger 完全陌生的人(不是“黑色的陌生 人”) white coal (作动力来源用的)水(不是“白煤”) 忠实可靠的人(不是“皮肤白的 white man 人”) yellow book 黄皮书(法国政府报告书,以黄纸为封)



eat one's words 收回前言(不是“食言”) an apple of love 西红柿(不是“爱情之苹 果”) handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是“大字报”) bring down the house博得全场喝彩(不是“推倒房 子”) have a fit 勃然大怒(不是“试穿”) make one's hair stand on end


2) Features of Literal translation
A. to be faithful to the original ideological content. A literal translator makes great efforts to transplant the original word order, sentence structure, etc, in the TL(target language ). B. be faithful to the form of the original work; It is of less importance for translators to maintain a smooth TL form; 鲁迅: rather to be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language).宁其信而不顺 【赵景琛:rather to be smooth (in language) than faithful (in thought).宁其顺而不信】
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1、直译与死译


原文结构与汉语结构是一致,照译即 可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致,仍 然采取直译方法,就成“死译”了。如: In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂,电子计算机控 制整个生产线。(直译)

1) Literal translation直译 直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文 内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. 第一位:忠于原文内容; 第二位:忠于原文形式要求在保持原文内容 的前提下,力求使译文与原文在选词用字、 句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可 能趋同(无限接近)。 第三位:通顺的译文形式。





sweet water 淡水(不是“糖水”或“甜 水”) confidence man 骗子(不是“信得过的 人”) criminal lawyer 刑事律师(不是“犯罪的律 师”) service station 加油站(不是“服务 站”) dressing room 化妆室(不是“试衣室”或“更 衣室”) 常识(不是“马的感 horse sense 觉”) capital idea 好主意(不是“资本主义思 想”) 庸俗的交谈(不是“熟悉的谈话”) familiar talk hand in glove with 和……狼狈为奸(不是
戴着手套和……合作)
天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福 直译:Storms
gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight. 意译:The weather and human life are both unpredictable.




3) In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 在法庭诉讼中,阿兰突然打出了他的王牌—— 请 出一位意想不到的证人。(杀手锏) 4)海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 Bosom friends there are within four seas, even the remotest regions are like close neighbors A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.







注意 A qualified translation must be not only faithful in thought but smooth in language, which is a basic demand of a translator. literal translation & word-for-word translation literal translation & dead translation






汉译英: 感:sense 责任感,安全感,自卑感,优越感, A sense of responsibility , A sense of safety, A sense of inferiority, A sense of superiority, 节奏感,正义感,羞耻感,幽默感, A sense of rhythm, A sense of justice, A sense of shame, A sense of humor, 无助感,方向感,紧迫感, A sense of hopelessness, A sense of direction, A sense of urgency,

死译:

Though the flowers are very beautiful, you still shouldn‟t take out your hand to pick them


The flowers are so fair, And they need your care!
不能直译的语例 China policy 对华政策(不是“中国政策”) Chinese dragon 麒麟(不是“中国龙”) American beauty 一种玫瑰(月月红),名为

to show one‟s cards 摊牌 shuttle diplomacy 穿梭外交 a gentleman‟s agreement 君子协定 to strike somebody when he is unprepared 攻其不备 Soon got, soon gone. 来得容易,去得快。 Speech is silver, silence is golden. 雄辩是银,沉默是金。



English disease Indian summer Greek gift Spanish athlete French chalk pull one's leg
“美国丽人”(不是“美国美 女”) 软骨病(不是“英国病”) 愉快宁静的晚年 害人的礼品 吹牛的人 滑石粉 开玩笑
3)When should we depend on 直译法 ? (1) Common civilization core, 某些习语和短语 的翻译 ,例如: cold war 冷战 hot line 热线 hot girls in cool suit, spicy girl 辣妹 Hot-selling books 热销书/畅销书 black market 黑市 pillar industry 支柱产业 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水





(2)含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直 译可以丰富译语语言。例如: 1) He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄 鱼的眼泪。 2) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy. 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝,要 求在发展外交政策上合作。
(不是“黄色书籍”)


官僚习气(不是“红色带子”) red tape blue stocking 女学者、女才子(不是“蓝色长统 袜”) personal remark 人身攻击(不是“个人评 多可惜!真遗憾!(不是“多可 What a shame! 论”) 耻”) 是吗!(不是“你别说”) You don't say!
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