名词性从句(3)

I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years。
2.连接代词what, who, which, whose引导的表 语从句。 This is what I want. The problem is who can finish it.
My question is which book is better.
3.连接副词when, why, where, how引导的表 语从句。 The question is where we should go. That is why he caught a cold yesterday. What I want to know is how we can find a right way.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
6.表语从句中需注意的问题 1）若主句的主语是 request, proposal , advice, command, idea, suggestion, request，order等 名词时, 表语从句的谓语为should+动词原形， should可以省略。
4.连接副词how, why, when, where引导的主语从句。 这些连词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语成分。 Why he did this is not known. It is not known why he did this When he will come is not certain. How he succeed is unknown to us. Where we would meet needs to be discussed.
1.that引导主语从句：that在主语中不做任何成 分，通常不可省略
That she was chosen made us very happy. That he will come is certain. That she would take the risk is true
2.通常that引导的主语从句用it作形式主语
和连接副词在从句中都作成分，同时也含有自己
的意义。连接代词和连接副词一般表疑问，但
what，when，where等连接词有两种含义：一种 表示疑问，一种表示陈述，相当于the thing that the time when，the place where，常译为“…的 人，事，话”，“…的时间”，“…的地点”等。
4.as if/though，because，as，like等引导的表语从 句 He has heart disease。That is because he has been smoking too much。 It sounds as if you are from America. 5.seem，look，appear，sound，taste，remain等 +表语从句 It smells as if the meat has gone off。 这肉闻起来好像变味了。
如果形容词是表示惊讶，喜悦，遗憾等 感情色彩时， that从句中的谓语动词用 (should)+动词原形。如： It is strange that she (should) have ever trusted him.
It is best that he (should) go.
It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.
It made us happy that she was chosen. It is certain that he will come. It is true that she would take the risk.
如果以that分句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只 能用it结构，如： Is it certain that he will come? Is it true that he would take the risk?
It seems that you object to the plan
It happened that i was not there yesterday.
It is mattered to me what you say.
2. whether引导主语从句： “是否”只起连 接作用，不充当成分。
主语 谓语
二: 主语从句的引导词；
从属连词:that, whether（that在主语中 不做任何成分，只起引导从句的作 用;whether含有“是否”的意思。）连 接代词：who，which, what, whatever, whoever, 连接副词：where, how, when, why, wherever等。由连接代词或连接副 词引导的主语从句，它们在句中既保留 自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句 中充当从句的成分。
It is known that the earth is round.
It is reported that there will be a storm tomorrow.
注意：在 B,C两种句型中，如果是表示 建议，命令，要求，愿望，责任时，从 句谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。 如果表示过去的动作，用 should have done.
I want to know what he has told you. 宾语从句
The fact is that we have lost the game. 表语从句
The news that we won the game is exciting. 同位语从句
(一) 主语从句概念 在复合句中做主语的从句叫做主语从 句。 他要来参加会议使我们很兴奋。 That he will come to attend the meeting tomorrow makes us excited.
Grammar 名词性从句
1. 概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从
句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在 复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、 介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功 能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 主语从句
C. It is＋过去分词＋从句 常用于这种句型的分词有：
known, proved, said, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, hoped, thought, considered, turned out等。如： It is said that the professor has succeeded in the experiment.
(二) 表语从句概念
在复合句中做表语的从句叫做表语从句。 表语从句一般位于主句中的系动词之后。 1.that & whether引导的表语从句 不作成分，不省略，whether 不能换成if。
The fact is that he is lying. The trouble is that we are short of money. The question is whether we can get there safely. What we want to know is whether we can finish the work by tomorrow morning.
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much。
3）运用连接词时的注意事项 从属连词that在从句中不作成分，也没有实际意 义，在口语中一般可省略。而whether虽然在从 句中不作成分，但含有“是否”的意义。连接代词
ItLeabharlann Baiduis suggested that each student should sing a song in English.
It is no surprised that Jim have won the game.
D. It is＋不及物动词＋从句
常用于这种句型的不及物动词有：appear, seem, happen（碰巧）, matter（重要）, occur。
3.连接代词what, who, which, whose引导的主 语从句。 这些连词相当于代词，在从句中充 当成分。如：
What we need is more time. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet known. Whose book it is is not important. Which school you want to go matters much.
(三) 宾语从句概念
在复合句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语 从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾 语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1.不同的连接词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的连接词主要有that，if/whether，wh-类连 接词。 1）that引导的宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作任何成分， 口语中一般可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and
help him.
My advice is that you quit smoking.
2）主语为名词reason时，表语从句的连接词要 用that，而不用because。
The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.
it 作形式主语有以下几种结构 A.It is＋形容词＋从句 常用于这种句型的形容词有： good, , clear important, likely, possible, necessary, true, wrong, natural, strange. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm. It is certain that he will do well in the exam.
Whether he will win the game is not clear.
Whether he will come is uncertain. 注意：whether在主语从句句首时不能与 if 互换。If 引导的主语从句只能放句尾，用it 作形式主语。如：
It is not clear whether/if he will come。
I think（that）you should turn to the teacher for help。 He said（that）he could finish his work before supper。
2）if/whether引导的宾语从句 if/whether引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何 成分，但有具体含义，意为“是否”。 if/whethe 不能省略。
B. It is＋名词＋从句 常用于这种句型的名词有：a fact, a pity , a good idea, an honor, a mystery, a question, a shame, a pleasure, no wonder, common sense. E.g. It is a pity that she should have missed the train. It is common sense that the whale is not a fish. It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped.