第7周-第4课时-阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析-2

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解析: 句中的impassable是动词词根pass(通过)加上后缀-able (可……的,能……的)和否定前缀-im(不)构成的,由此可推断出 impassable是“不可通过的”的意思。
三、根据生活常识猜词义
除了构词法和上下文逻辑关系等语言本身的提示外,我们还可以结 合非语言知识—生活经验和普通常识来确定词义。例如:
4. spring n. 泉水,弹簧;5. can n. 罐头 6. handsome adj. 数量大的
7 mean adj. 卑鄙的,吝啬的; 8. admit vt. 录取,准许进入
9. observe v. 遵守 10. shelter v. 保护, 庇护 11. address v. 讲话
2. When men and women lived by hunting 50, 000 years ago, how could they begin to picture modern life?
常见的熟词生意:
1. fire v. 解雇;
2. fine v. 罚款; 3. wind vi. 弯曲的前进;
(1). (2016全国卷 II.B) Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail, one would declare, “But I am just not creative.”
I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. Q: The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means ________.
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eagerly 解题分析:句中的“burning”和上文中的“confused”与“lost”这两个 词之间隐含着因果关系,通过语境可以看出作者很困惑,所以应该 是急于发现到底什么地方出错了,所以正确答案是D。
4.Example(举例法)
其一,熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解, 进而望文生义。
其二,熟词生义的词都是考纲词汇,数量没有限制。如果这种现象 在一篇文章中出现得多,那就更难理解了。
四、熟词生意
1. The major market force rests in the growing population of whitecollar employees, who can afford the new service.
3. Cause and effect(因果法)
(2). (2012北京,B) Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.
(二)、根据构词法猜词义
我们可以依靠构词法方面的知识,从生词(派生词或复合词)本身 猜测词义,即根据派生词的前缀后缀,或根据复合词的各部分的意 思猜测词义等。因为这类猜词相对容易,高考中考察的并不多见。
(1). When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.
阅读中猜测词义题的解题策略分析-2
目录
CONTENTS
3
猜测词义题方法之上下文内在逻辑 关系(下)
wk.baidu.com
4
猜测词义题方法之构词法、熟词生 意、生活常识、不明身份指代
3. Cause and effect(因果法)
在句子或段落中,我们可以根据两个事物或现象之间的因果关系去 推测生词词义。这些因果关系常常借助连接词,如:because,as, since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等表示出来, 当然更多情况下,这种因果关系是隐藏在内容里,需要考生通过理 解上下文的逻辑来理清关系的。
4.Example(举例法)
Q: What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appealing to feelings C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
3. Cause and effect(因果法)
Q:What does the underlined word “downside” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty D. Burden.
解题分析:第一句和第二句之间存在着隐含的因果关系,即鼓励这 种思维方式有一个“downside”, 因为这样做我有失去采用不同思维 方式的学生的风险。据此我们可以看出downside是个含有消极意义 的词汇,反映的是一件事情的另一面,或不利一面,所以正确答案 是B。
五、 “不明身份”的代词指代
代词指代题要求考生依据语境的逻辑关系,判断画线的人 称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象,包括考查it(指动物、 无生命的事物、特定的事件或人),they/them(指代人、物、 事件的复数名词),he/she等人称代词的指代意义,以及指示 代词this,that,these,those等在文章中的指代意义,以考 查考生对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。
解题分析:句中隐含着举例关系,通过 “single parent with four kids running on the show” 和 “the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on …”的例子可以看出“tug at the heartstrings”是指通过煽情来 感动对方,达到persuade 的目的,所以正确答案是B。
Homework
1. 猜测词义题专练10篇
四、熟词生意
一词多义是英语词汇学习中会经常遇到的现象! 熟词生意就是一词多 义的典型例子。 熟词生义考察的往往是与该词汇常用意义差别很大 的另一个意思。考生需要像对待一个全新的生词一样,借助上下文 语境和上述的技巧来猜测其意义。 近年的高考题对熟词生意的考察 越来越频繁,而且熟词生义比课标外生词的障碍要大得多。原因有 二:
为了说明或证实,不少文章中经常会举例,所列举的这些例子往往 给读者提供了猜测生词词义的重要线索。常用的词语有:for example, for instance, such as, like, take ... as an example 等词语。 例如: (1). (2019全国卷 II. B)
I guess that there is probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on …At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I will do it. ”
(1). When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.
按照常识,我们把石头扔进水里,水面会出现波纹,由此我们可以 猜测“ripple”的意思是“涟漪,波纹”。
解答代词指代题时,我们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后 邻近句的内容,分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程,理 清其来龙去脉和前后的因果关系,从而准确推断其指代的 对象。
五、 “不明身份”的代词指代
(2). (2017新课标全国卷 II.B) We shared the belief that if you fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back – he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. 26. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Their belief B. Their care for children C. Their success D. Their support for each other. 解题分析:本题目需要考生具有一定的句法分析能力。该段共有两句话, 其中第一句话很长,但是破折号后面部分都是对belief的具体解释。第二 句话中sharing that 对应的是第一句中的we shared the belief,所以正确答 案是A。
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