英美文学作品赏析

• Tragedy:
Romeo and Juliet…
Second Period
• Mature
• Mastered his art
• Optimistic
• Sonnet
Second Period---representative works
• A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Plot movement Climax (peak tension) or Crisis (dramatic turning point) Rising action Falling action (fall of tragic hero)
Beginning of story
Resolution (Point at which conflict ends and outcome is made clear)
• Protagonist vs. Antagonist
• Rival; foil
Dialogue
• Written in verse vs. blank verse
• Monologue ; Soliloquy
Setting
William Shakespeare (1564~1616)
Life
Tragedy
• Tragedy is a sad story that presents courageous individuals confronting powerful forces within or outside themselves with dignity. It reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit’s challenge on failure, defeat, and even death.
• Horatio
Loyal friend of Hamlet
The Source
The story of Hamlet is derived from a Danish history book. In 1570, one French writer adapted it into drama. During 80s of 16th century, many plays adapted from this story were performed on stage. In 1691, Shakespeare rewrote this again.
• • • • • • Born on April 23, 1564; Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire Arrive in London in 1586 or 1587 Being an actor Drama writing Die on April 23, 1616 at age 52
Elements
• plot & conflict
• dramatic structure
• performance
• character
• dialogue
• setting
• Plot The sequence of events that create and then resolve a conflict
Dramatic Structure
• • • • • The exposition The rising action The climax or turning point Falling action Conclusion
Performance
Character
• Major character vs. minor character
• The Merchant of Venice
• As You Like It
• Twelfth Night
Third Period
• Flourishing
• Problem of Evil
• Great Tragedies
• Dark Comedies
Third Period---representative works
Remarks
完成于1601年的《哈姆莱特》，是文 艺复兴时期的巨人--莎士比亚戏剧创作的 最高成就，也是莎学研究的最大课题。 ※ 影响历史进程的100本书之一 ※ 人类有史以来杰出的经典戏剧 ※ 哈佛大学113位教授推荐的最有影响的书 ※ 1986年法国《读书》杂志推荐的理想藏 书
Remarks
birthplace
Shakespeare’s grave
Literary Works
• 2 narrative poems Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece • 154 sonnets (bisexual) • 10 historical plays; 13 comedies; 10 tragedies; 4 romances;
• Hamlet
• Othello
• King Lear
• Macbeth
Fourth Period
• Tragicomedy/
Romance
• Reconciliation
• Hope
Fourth Period---representative works
• Tempest
• The Winter’s Tale
• Polonius
Chief counselor to Claudius, Ophelia’s father
• LHale Waihona Puke Baiduertes
Polonius’ son, Ophelia’s brother
List of Characters
• Ophelia
Obedient daughter of Polonius and sister of Laertes; Hamlet’s love
《哈姆莱特》是戏剧诗人之
王莎士比亚的灿烂王冠上 面的一颗最光辉的钻石。
——俄国著名文学批评家 别林斯基
List of Characters
• Hamlet---Prince of Denmark
son of dead King and nephew the present ruler of Denmark to
• Henry VIII
Hamlet
奥斯卡第21届（1948年）荣获最佳影片的海报
One of The Oscar Best Movie Posters
• Best Picture of the Year • Performance by an actor in a leading role • Performance by an actress in a leading role • Performance by an actor/actress in a supporting role • Achievement in directing • Best foreign language film of the year
• Basic Forms
comedy tragedy farce melodrama serious play
Comedy
• Comedy, a term which is connected by derivation with the Greek verb meaning “revel”, is a play in which the materials are selected and managed primarily in order to interest, involve, and amuse the audience.
• Apprenticeship
• High Spirit
• Young & Ideal
• Narrative poems
First Period---representative works
• Historical play:
Henry VI; Richard III …
• Comedy: The Taming of the Shrew The Comedy of Errors…
• Claudius---King of Denmark
Hamlet’s uncle who succeeded his brother to the throne and married his brother’s wife
List of Characters
• Gertrude
Queen of Denmark and mother of Hamlet
Appreciation of British & American Literary Works
Basic Forms of Literature
• Novel
• Drama
• Poetry
• Prose
Drama
• Definition
Drama, in the most general sense, refers to any work designed to be represented on a stage by actors. In its narrow sense today, it is limited to verbal drama, which usually includes tragedy, comedy, and serious plays.
Structure
• • • • • Act I Act II Act III Act IV Act V Scene 1~5 Scene 1~2 Scene 1~4 Scene 1~7 Scene 1~2
Story
Act I: Horatio and two others are on watch at the castle of Elsinore. They see a ghost resembling the late King of Denmark. The specter cannot be persuaded to speak. It vanishes at cockcrow. Claudius thanks his subjects for assistance in the ceremonies at his brother’s funeral and his own marriage. He also sends ambassadors to curb Fortinbras’ threatening invasion. Hamlet grieves over his mother’s speedy re-marriage. He is told of the ghost. Laertes warns Ophelia of Hamlet’s attentions. Polonius orders Ophelia to reject Hamlet. The ghost leads Hamlet away, tells him how he was murdered, and asks him to revenge.
Writing Periods
• The First Period (1590~1594)
• The Second Period (1595~1600)
• The Third Period (1601~1607)
• The Fourth Period (1608~1612)
First Period
Farce
• Farce is a comedy which aims to entertain the audience by means of unlikely, and improbable situations, disguise and mistake identity, verbal humor of varying degrees of sophistication, which may include word play, and a fast-paced plot whose speed usually increases, culminating in an ending which often involves an elaborate chase scene.