动词时态和语态复习教案

动词的时态

课型：中考专题复习

教学方法：互动；总结；检测

教学目标：1、掌握六种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时。

2、分清易混淆动词时态：一般过去时和现在完成时

教学重难点：1. 易混时态的辨析

2. 各种时态的灵活运用

教具：ppt 学案

课时分配：第一课时六种时态的归纳复习及练习

第二课时中考时态重点考点讲解及训练

一、动词的时态

1、一般现在时的用法

1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理等。句中常有often，usually, every day, always, sometimes等时间状语。如：We always care for each other and help each other. (经常性动作)

The moon moves around the earth and the earth moves around the sun. （客观真理）

2）有时表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作（即用一般现在时表将来），句中都带有时间状语，但常限于少数瞬间动词，如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等，如：The train starts at nine in the morning. Our holiday begin in a week.

3）在when，as soon as，if, unless等引导的时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中不能用将来时，要用一般现在时表将来。

I’ll give him the message when I see him.

I’ll write to your parents if you are not here tomorrow.

Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.

[注] 如果will作为情态动词表意愿，此时不影响时态使用。

If you will not help us, we will not finish the work in time.

4）用于某些固定句型，表现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

Here comes the bus! What time is it now?

2、一般过去时的用法(第一大热点)

1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, just now, last, ago等。

Once upon a time, there were six blind men in a village in Indian.

I saw him every day at that time. 那时侯每天我都会见到他。

Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast.

[注] 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用used to和would +动词原形。

When we were boys, we used to go swimming every summer.

但是，would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。如：

I would / used to go to France six times. (错)（应说I went to France six times.）

He used to live in Africa for twenty years. (错)（应说He lived in Africa for twenty years.）

2）表示说话人始料未及的事情时

I didn’t know it was you. I never thought you would bring me a gift.

3）一般过去时常用于没有明确过去时间状语的句子中，这是高考命题的热点与难点。此类用法由于受汉语表达习惯的影响，或因这类表书无明显时间状语的缘故，学生容易忘记使用过去时。一定要注意好分析语境。

---You phone number again? --- I didn’t quite catch it.

---Nancy is not coming tonight. ---But she promised.

对无明显过去时间状语而用一般过去时的句子，要注意在语言环境中寻找除时间状况外的信息词或隐含信息，比如表示时间对比关系的but, and now，暗示时间先后的when, before, while, not until, sooner，题干中已出现的过去时态等。

I asked you not to move my dictionary, now I can’t find it.

My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I missed half of it.

3、一般将来时的用法

表示将要发生的动作或存在的情况，由“主语+will / shall+…”构成。有时句中有表示将来的时间状语，这时从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。将来的时间状语有：next year, tomorrow, next time, in a few days.

The agreement will come into effect next spring.

When will you be able to give us an answer?

We won’t / shan’t be free tonight.

几种表示将来的形式：

1）口语中常用be going to来表示打算、准备要做的事情或根据迹象推断肯定要发生的事（主要指天气）

They are going to see a film this afternoon. There is going to be a party on Saturday evening.

It’s going to snow.

2）be to do 表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情。

The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a.m..

You are to hand in your homework this afternoon.

3）be about to即将要发生的事，句中不使用表示将来的时间状语（但可与when…连用），意为“立刻，马上”

The film is about to begin.

I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

4）用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为，只限go, come, start, begin, arrive, return等少数动词。

The train leaves the station at 7:15.

Mr Wang is leaving for Hangzhou tomorrow.

4、现在进行时的用法

1）表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作，由be+现在分词

We are having an English class.

The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

2）在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。

If I am sleeping when he comes, please wake me up.

3）与always, constantly, forever等连用，表示赞叹、厌烦、高兴等情绪。

You are always forgetting the important things.

He is constantly thinking of how he could do more for others.

5、过去进行时的用法

表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作，was / were doing

The children were watching TV when their mother came in.

In those years we were having a hard time.

[注]在不少情况下，没有表示过去的时间状语，这是要通过上下文来看出这是过去某时正在进行的动作。

They all worked hard. Everybody knew what he was working for.

6、现在完成时的用法