课前预习材料(第十四次讲座用)

第十四次讲座课前预习材料

I．否定对象

A. 全部否定

1.Nothing is further away from the truth than this.

这是离真相最远的。

2.I have answered every single question, but my opponent has answered none.

我每一个问题都回答出来了，但是我的对手一个都没有回答上。

B. 部分否定

3．All this is not necessary. ( 比较：All this is unnecessary.)

不是所有都是必要的。

2.All these metals are not good conductors. (比较：None of these metals are good

conductors.)

不是所有的金属都是良好的导体。

3.Both these instruments are not precision ones. (比较：Neither of the instruments is a

precision one)

这两个仪器不都是精确的。

4.I don’t remember all thei r names. (比较：I remember none of their names.)

他们所有人的名字我记不全。

C. 转移否定

5.I don’t think it’s right to make such a hasty decision.

我认为这么仓促地做决定是不正确的。

6.It is not our view that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning will contribute

to creating a lasting peace in the Middle East.

我们的观点是，他今早的言论的要旨和语气并不能为中东的持久和平做出贡献。

D. 否定范围：从否定词开始有时可以一直延伸到句末：被否定的时机上是主语补足语或是状语（从句）

7.They did not part good friends.

他们一点也称不上是朋友。

8.We haven’t called the meeting to discuss this question.

我们开会完全不是为了讨论这个问题的。

9.He didn’t buy the book b ecause he needed it.

他不是因为需要才买这本书的。

10.The Nazis had not instantly withdrawn from Africa or Sicily merely because of threat to

their rear.

纳粹不仅仅是因为他们后方存在的威胁而立刻从非洲和西西里撤离的。

11.They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest, but to benefit

man.

他们进行危险的实验并不是为了满足自己的个人兴趣，而是为了人类的利益。

II. 否定含义的判别

某些动词具有消极方面的词汇意义，也属于否定含义的范围

A. 如deny, neglect, fail to, refuse to, exclude, miss overlook, ignore, lack, keep from protect,

save等

12.It is one of the most barbarous customs in the world, considering us as a civilized and a

Christian country, that we deny advantage of learning to women.

我们作为一个一个文明而且信奉基督教的国家的人民，却否认向妇女学习的优点，这是个世界上最野蛮的习俗。

13.He fails to make the reader understand the verse, let alone enjoy it and delight in it.

他没有能够让读者明白这诗句，更不用说欣赏它和从中获得快乐了。

14.16．The manager told the shop-assistant to work on stock if she lacked a customer.

经理与售货员说，如果她一个顾客都没有，就到仓库区工作。

B. 某些抽象名词，如absence, ignorance, exclusion

15.The almost absence of any US sway with the parties directly involved in such a

dangerous situation is sobering to say the least.

在如此危险的处境当中，美国的党派却不动摇，至少称得上是清醒的。

16.The failure of the teaching of grammatical rules to ensure correctness or expression has

caused many people to throw grammar aside.

保证语言正确性与表达通顺的语法规则的教育失败，导致了许多人把语法扔在一边。

C.某些形容词，如little, few, absent, short of , free of/from, far from, safe from, inferior to

19. Little is known at present about this oil field.

现在他的油田少有人知。

20．It is very important that a drawing be free from ambiguities and be subject only to a single interpretation.

一幅绘画不模棱两可，只有一个诠释方法是很重要的。

21．Jane Austin was worried that Emma“might appear inferior in wit” to Pride and Prejudice. 简·奥斯汀担心，《爱玛》会不如《傲慢与偏见》那么风趣。

22．Far from admiring his paintings I disliked them intensely.

我完全称不上是欣赏他的画，相反，我极度讨厌他的画。

D. 某些介词，如below, beyond, above, off, past, beneath, behind, minus, within, but, against,

instead of, out of, but for, in defect of

23. Copies always fall below their original.

模仿的总是远远不如它们的原作。

24. He is above meanness and deceit.

他简直比卑鄙和诡计多端更甚。

25．Mr. Shultz on Wednesday reiterated the administration’s counterargument that the defenses were still needed as insurance against cheating.

舒尔茨先生在星期三重申，政府对还需防范欺诈行为持反对意见。

E. 某些副词，如hardly, seldom, barely, rarely, scarcely, little, few

26. Now, I have recalled these beginnings of the careers of Franklin, Darwin and Mozart

because they strikingly illustrate a profound psychological truth the significance of which can scarcely be overestimated.

现在，我回想起富兰克林，达尔文还有莫扎特他们的事业的开端，因为他们突出地证明了意义深远的精神上的真理里面所包含的意义，是怎样也不算被高估的。