助动词的用法

What’s the function of the underlined words? ★ He was sent to England.
帮助主要动词send构成被动语态 ★I would fly to Sweden if I were a bird. 帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气 ★Had I lived in London, I would have been to London Bridge. 帮助主要动词构成虚拟语气 1 助动词和其他动词一起构成时态、语气和 语态。可以用作助动词的有be、do、have 和情态动词。
4. 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构 成一般将来时。 I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力 地学习英语。 He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明：现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于各 种人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第 二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变 为情态动词，试比较: He shall come.他必须来。 （shall有命令的意味。） He will come. 他要来。 （will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）
1. Jack’s ill，so they ______ change their
plans.
A. must B. should
C. have got to
football match.
D. ought to
2. If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has
What’s the function of “do/did”?
★Do you like college life? 构成疑问句 ★ Did you study English before you came here? 构成疑问句 ★ I do not like him. 构成否定句 ★ Do call me tomorrow. 构成强调结构 ★He did know that. 构成强调结构
5.助动词should, would的用法 1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与 动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下 周干什么。 比较："What shall I do next week?" I asked. “ 我下周干什么？"我问道。 可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should 。
4.你去过长城吗？
Have you been to the Great wall?
5.我不知道那本小说的名字。 I don't know the name of that novel. 6. 我确实认为你该去。 I do think you should go. 7.明年你要毕业了吗？ Will you graduate next year? 8.他告诉我们他要出国学习了。 He told us that he would study abroad. 9.下周我就要搬进新房子了。 I shall move to the new house next week.
3. In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made 4. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work. A. don’t/had B. didn’t/have
2）be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。 The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的 。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教 英语。 3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： • a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。 He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约 。 We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。
d. 表示相约、商定 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 2. 助动词have的用法 1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。 He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已 经完成工作的一半。
助动词还可用来构成否定或疑问句，以 及强调结构。
总结：助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态, 语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词. 助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种 1. 助动词be的用法 1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态 They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
练习2：Translate the following sentences.
I was having a bath when you called.
2.孩子们被照顾得很好。
1.你打电话时，我正在洗澡。
The children are taken good care of.
3.我学法语已经三年了 I have been studying French for three years.
5）用于倒装句。 Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性 说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so,not only...but also
3） 构成否定祈使句。 Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉 说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和 does。 4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。 Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
C. didn’t/had D. don’t/have
5.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast. A. will rise B. shall rise C. should rise D. would rise
2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时 I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动 语态。 English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
3.助动词do 的用法 1）构成一般疑问句。 Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？ Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？ 2）do + not 构成否定句。 I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评 He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.
助动词的用法
授课人：杨琳
What’s the function of the underlined words?
★We are having an English class. 帮助主要动词have构成现在进行时 ★ I have seen the film. 帮助主要动词see构成现在完成时 ★ He didn’t go home last night. 帮助主要动词go构成一般过去时 ★ We will fly for Africa next month. 帮助主要动词fly构成一般将来时
2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与 动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三 人称。 He sቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱid he would come. 他说他要来。
练习1：请在划线处填入适当的助动词。 ★1We _______ will go to London first. were ★2The modern Olympic Games _______held in 1896, in Athens. ★3 What ______ wouldyou do if you had a billion? ★4 Hope you won’t have to wait as long as we _________. Good luck. did did ★5As you can see, I ______escape. ★6 He has made great progress recently, and have so _______you.
b. 表示命令 You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要 他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见 How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？ Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？