英语过去分词做状语

Past Participle As the adverbial 过分作状语

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.

一、基本概念

1、过去分词作状语：过去分词兼有动词､副词和形容词的特征。过去分词作状语时，说明动

作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。

2、vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状

态或动作的完成。

二、掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。

（一）理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系

1. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作

已完成。例如：

Seen in the dark night，lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.

(seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)

Scolded by the teacher，the girl began to cry.

被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成)

【考例1】____ into use in April 2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put

【解析】选A。主句主语the hotline与put into use逻辑上是被动关系，排除B､C；D 项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符。所以用过去分词put短语作状语。

2. 有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主

动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如：

Lost in thought, she nearly ran into a tree.

陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。

(lost意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost…，作原因状语)与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed，dressed，determined，devoted，tired，exhausted，prepared，seated，caught等。

【考例2】After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，____.

A. exhausted

B. exhausting

C. being exhausted

D. having exhausted

【解析】选A。exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”，由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语。

二. 注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置

作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前､后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。

The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground，surrounded by a group of students.

那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。(过去分词作伴随状语)

【考例1】____ by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A. Attracting

B. Attracted

C. To be attracted

D. Having attracted

【解析】选B。句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语。

（二）掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换

过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间､原因､条件､方式､伴随､让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once，when，while，if，as if，even if，though，unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be。例如：

Once published，this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published，this book will be popular with the students.

这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once 可省略)

【考例1】____ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When compared

C. Comparing

D. When comparing

【解析】选B。主句中的the biggest ocean与compare形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词。

【考例2】No matter how frequently ____，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performed

B. performing

C. to be performed

D. being performed

【解析】选A。动词perform与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词