渠江富流滩船闸输水系统设计译文

ⅠPlanning for W ater Resources Development

Planning can be defined as the orderly consideration of a project from the original statement of purpose through the evaluation of alternatives to the final decision on a course of action. It includes all the work associated with the design of a project except the detailed engineering of the structures. It is the basis for the decision to proceed with （or to abandon) a proposed project and is the most important aspect of the engineering for the project - Because each water - development project is unique in its Physical and economic setting, it is impossible to describe a simple process that will inevitably lead to the best decision. There is no substitute for "engineering judgment”in the selection of the method of approach to project planning but each individual step toward the final decision should be supported by quantitative analysis rather than estimates or judgment whenever possible. One often hears the phrase “river-basin planning”, but the planning phase is no less important in the case of the smallest project. The planning for an entire river basin involves a much more complex planning effort than the single project, but the difficulties in arriving at the correct decision may be just as great for the individual project.

The term “planning”carries another connotation which is different from the meaning described above. This is the concept of the regional master plan which attempts to define the most desirable future growth pattern for an area. If the master plan is in reality the most desirable Pattern of development ，then future growth should be guided toward this pattern. Unfortunately, the concept of “most desirable”is subjective, and it is difficult to assure that any master plan meets this high standard when first developed. Subsequent changes in technology, economic development, and public attitude often make a master plan obsolete in a relatively short time. Any plan is based on assumptions regarding the future, and if these assumptions are not realized the plan must be revised. Plans generally must be revised periodically.

An overall regional water-management plan, developed with care and closely coordinated with other regional plans, may be a useful tool in determining which of many possible actions should be taken. But it must always be considered subject to modification as the technological, economic and social environment change or as new factual data that are developed. A master plan that is no more than catalog of all physically feasible actions is likely to prove of little value.

Planning occurs at many levels within each country with the purpose and nature of the