非谓语动词在句中作定语

非谓语动词在句中作定语

在英语句子中，不定式to do，分词v+ing 和v+ed是非谓语动词，除不能作谓语外，其他成份都可担当，其中一个成份就是作定语。

不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾关系，要是不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词。例：

I have something to say. (to say something )

I’ll give you a magazine to read.

That is a good company to work for.

He is a pleasant fellow to work with.

Would you bring me a bench to sit on?

有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effo rt ,right (权利), movement等，例：

You haven’t any reason to leave me.

You have no right to do such a thing.

He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakness.

He put himself out of the way to help others.

We have no time to lose..

Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.

The first ,the last ,the second ,the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。例：

He is always the first to come.

She would be the last to agree to our plan.

You are the second to ask me that question.

I’ll do my poor best to fix it up.

当to go ,to spare 作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例：

He had five minutes to go before time was up.

They had only 100 dollars to spare.

不定式用在某些句子中作定语相当于一个定语从句，表示动作即将

发生。例：

There are many difficulties to overcome.

= There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.

He has a large family to support.

= He has a large family that he must support.

现在分词与过去分词作定语

现在分词和过去分词在句中都可以作定语，但在语态和时间概念上有区别，在语态上，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作完成。例：

boiling water (主动、进行)

boiled water (被动、完成)

有时过去分词则表示被动，不表示完成的动作，有时则表示动作的完成，不表示被动的动作。例：

the fallen leaves (动作已完成)

developed countries (动作已完成)

an interested party (被动)

单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。例：

China is a developing country.

He lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.

America is a developed country.

有些单个分词（尤其是现在分词）作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，特别如一些不定代词anything ,something ,everything ,nothing 等则

应后置。例：

the experience gained (获得的经验)

for the time being (暂时)

for years running ( 一连数年)

She found the window open and something stolen.

There is nothing doing.

There is nothing interesting in today’s paper.

They can see everything happening on the line.

Is there anything interesting in the book?

分词短语置于被修饰词之后

The pen lying on the table belongs to you.

The boy making faces is my son.

I like songs performed by Mao Aming.

其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述三句可改为：The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you.

The boy who is making faces is my son.

I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.

现在分词作后置定语表示一个（现在或将来）正在进行的动作，或者表示某经常性动作或状态。例：

Can you see the star moving in the sky?

There is a piano standing in the corner.

如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致，不能使用现在分词，而应使用定语从句。例：

I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)

Break 的动作是先发生

上例不能用现在分词，应改为定语从句。如：….who broke the windo w.

Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)

Do you know anyone who lost money. (V)