定语从句讲义

语法专题定语从句

考纲要求：

对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：①引导限制性定语从句的关系词；②引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；③限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；④介词+关系代词的用法；⑤不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断⑥关系词之间的异同现象及选用。

命题热点：

定语从句的命题热点内容如下：

①that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用；

②“介词+which/whom”结构中介词的选用；

③“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系；

④which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；

⑤“不定代词/数词+of which/whom”与“不定代词/数词+of them” 的选用；

⑥定语从句中的主谓一致现象。

复习要点：

1、引导定语从句的关系词

①关系代词：that; which; as; who; whom; whose

②关系副词：when; where; why

2、关系代词的用法：

（1）that和which都可以指物，that还可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略（这时关系代词前应无修饰成份）。如：The girl that is wearing the red is my desk mate. I lost the book (that/which) you gave me yesterday.

（2）指物时，that与which可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that不用which:

①当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few, some, one等不定代词时，定语从句只用that引导。如：

Our teacher has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

There is not much/nothing that can be done now.

All that he lacks is practice.

②当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等限定词所修饰时，定语从句常用that引导，如：

I have read all the books that you gave me.

There is no person that does not make mistakes.

③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导，如：

This is the best novel that I have ever read.

The first thing that I am going to do is to write to my friend.

This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

④当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，定语从句一般用that引导，不用which, 如：

The last place that we visited was the chemical works.

This is the very book that I want to look for.

⑤当并列的两个（或以上）先行词（分别表示人与物）同时被一个定语从句修饰时，关系代词常用that. 如：

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

The scientist and his achievement that you told me about are admired by all of us.

Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.

⑥主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句只能用that引导。如：

Who is the person that is standing at the door?

Which is the way that he told us to go?

⑦当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，常用that来引导。如：

Your disease is not the case that it used to be.

He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was.

⑧当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能是that，但经常可以省略。如：

I know the difference (that) there is between you.

The number of mistakes (that) there are in his homework is surprising.

（3）as在引导定语从句时，既可以代替主句中的某一名词，也可以代替整个句子，在定语从句中用来作主语、宾语或表语，但在大多数情况下用于词组或句型中：

①the same…as, the same as 结构中，如：

He is not the same boy as he was.

I feel just the same as you do.

注：as从句that从句都属于定语从句的范畴，但前者引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，即指同类的事物，而后者是“同一的”，即指同一事物。如：This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 这包和我昨天丢的是一样的；This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的包。

②such…as…结构中，如：

Let’s discuss only such questions as we have to deal with at present. 我们只谈目前必须解决的

那些问题。

③引导一个属于附加说明性质的非限制性定语从句。as代表整个主句的内容并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as从句位置较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，并有逗号与主句隔开。（which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，不能提到主句之前。）如：Taiwan belongs to China, as/which is known to all.

As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.

（4）who与whom

who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语，如：

People who find hibernating animals often think they are dead.

whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，如：

My sister married the man whom she was engaged to.

I met many new friends, most of whom came from England.

（5）whose

关系代词whose即可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语，指物时可与of which互换使用。如：The window whose glass was broken yesterday has been repaired.

He mentioned a book whose author/the author of which I can’t remember now.

3、用关系代词时应注意的问题