6非谓语动词之动名词

语法之6 ●非谓语动词之动名词●

作业讲解:

I consider it a great honor______(visit) your company. 我认为参观贵公司是我的荣幸。

A. visit

B. to visit

C. visiting

D. being visited to visit是前面consider的宾语,而且这个宾语有一个宾补是a great honor

该句子的正常语序为:

I consider(谓语) to visit your company(宾语)a great honor(宾补).→→→句子头重脚轻

课前练习:

I consider it a great honor ______ (visit) your company.

A. visit

B. to visit

C. visiting

D. being visited

思考:为什么C不对?

→→→动名词与不定式的区别:动名词表达经常性的,泛泛的事;不定式表达未做/将要做的事。

语法解读:

动名词的定义～动名词有名词和动词的特征,可以带宾语或状语;动名词和其宾语或状语构成动名词短语

Children enjoy watching cartoons. (带宾语)孩子喜欢看动画片。

Talking like this is no use.(带状语) 这么谈话是没有用的。

语法解读:

动名词的形式

常规:

动词+ing

被动语态: being done

否定式: not+doing

I like skating.(常规) 我喜欢滑冰。

I have no reason for not going.(否定) 我没有理由不去。

I stole into the room without being noticed.(被动语态) 我悄悄地进了房间,没被人发现。

语法解读:

动名词在句子中的成分

1)作主语

Working in such condition is not apleasure but a suffer.

(动名词短语做主语,谓语用“三单”)在这种条件下,工作不是享受而是折磨。

It is no use crying over spilt milk.(形式主语) 覆水难收。

正常语序:Crying over spilt milk is no use.

It is a waste of time arguing with him.(同上)跟他争辩就是浪费时间。

2)作宾语

The law doesn't allow camping in this forest.(动词+宾语)

法律不允许在森林里宿营。

I have fnished doing my homework.(动词+宾语)我已经做完作业了。

I am responsible for organizing this conference.(介词+宾语)我负责筹办这次大会。

We are looking forward to receiving your letter.(介词+宾语)我们期待收到你的信。

This book is worth reading.(形容词+宾语) 这本书值得读。

语法解读:

3)做表语

Your job is cleaning the window. 你的工作是擦窗户。

In the ant's city, the queen's duty is laying eggs.在蚂蚁的城市,蚁后的职责是产卵。

4)作定语

a waiting room等候室 a reading room阅览室 a swimming pool游泳池

a racing car赛车 a hiding place藏身之处

难点精析:

1.动名词和不定式的区别

含义

动名词:一般的/抽象的概念(一个已经做过的/经常去做的动作)

不定式:具体的某一动作(一个将来要做的动作)

My job is cleaning the window.(←←What is your job?) 我的工作是擦窗户。

My job is to clean the window.(←←What's your job this afternoon?)

我的工作是擦窗户。

难点精析:

2.跟在一些特定的动词后面,动名词和不定式意义不同

不同的动词,有不同的含义(具体问题具体分析)

I stop to read.(停下其他的事情,开始看书) 我停下来看书。

I stop reading.(停止看书) 我停止阅读。

I forget to turn off the lights.(忘记做某事) 我忘记关灯了。

I forget turning off the lights.(忘记已经做过某事) 我忘记关灯了。

I continue reading.(意思相同) 我继续阅读。

I continue to read.(意思相同) 我继续阅读。

难点精析:

3.动名词的复合结构

名词所有格+动名词

Would you mind my using your telescope? (无法将my去掉,否则表意不清)

你介意我用你的望远镜吗?

The father insists on his son's going to college. 这位父亲坚持让他儿子,上大学。

复合式结构,在句中做宾语

Her showing up encouraged everyone. 她的出现鼓舞了所有人。

her是名词所有格,后跟动名词词组,构成复合式结构,句子担任主语The doctor advised his quitting smoking.