高考英语一轮复习 专题4 形容词和副词教学案

高考英语一轮复习 专题4 形容词和副词教学案
高考英语一轮复习 专题4 形容词和副词教学案

专题4 形容词和副词

考纲展示命题探究

考点一形容词的基本用法

基础点

1 形容词的构成

(1)常见的形容词后缀

后缀意义例词

-ful 充满……的;有……性质

(或倾向的)

useful有用的successful成功的plentiful丰

富的helpful有帮助的

-y多……的greedy贪婪的wealthy富有healthy健康的

-ish ……国家的;有……性质

的;像……似的

Irish爱尔兰的childish孩子般的foolish愚蠢

-less无……的,没有……的speechless哑口无言的harmless无害的hopeless绝望的meaningless没有意义的

-ous有……性质的dangerous危险的glorious光荣的

-able/-ible 能……的,可以……的

available可利用的comfortable舒服的

impossible不可能的

valuable有价值的

-al 与……有关的;表示过程

或状态

cultural文化的personal私人的musical音

乐的natural自然的

续表

(1)形容词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,作前置定语;形容词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后,作后置定语。

Nice and warm days are coming.

晴朗而温暖的日子就要来了。

He is a student worthy_of_praise.

他是一个值得表扬的学生。

典例He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ________(generously) contribution to help the community.

[答案]generous 句意:他没有自私地把从他叔叔那里继承的钱据为己有,而是慷慨地捐出来,帮助社区。设空处修饰名词contribution, 作定语,故应用generously的形容词形式generous。

(2)形容词作后置定语的情况

①一些以字母a开头的常作表语的形容词作定语时,常置于被修饰词的后面,此类形容词有:

alive活着的alike同样的awake醒着的asleep睡着的alone单独的

Money alone cannot create fortune.

金钱本身不能创造财富。

②形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-等构成的复合不定代词时通常后置。

She must have met something dangerous.

她一定遇上了危险。

③由and/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时要后置。

There was a huge room, simple_and_beautiful.

有一个大房间,简朴而美丽。

④同表示方位、时间和数量等习语、词组连用时要后置。

This is a river two_hundred_miles_long.

这是一条200英里长的河流。

⑤当“形容词+不定式”构成的短语作定语时,需后置。

A man so difficult_to_please must be hard to work with.

一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难共事。

⑥当含有old, long, high, wide, deep等词的数量词短语作定语时,需后置。

At that time she was only a girl of five_years_old.

那时,她只是一个5岁的小女孩。

(3)多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时的排列顺序

多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时的常见顺序:限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词)+数词(序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍、出处(Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修饰的名词(desk)。

一张红色的法国木制小圆书桌→a small_round_red_French_wooden desk

口诀巧记多个形容词与其他词类修饰同一名词时的排列顺序:

限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠,中心名词放最后,正确顺序要记牢。

特别提醒

作前置定语和后置定语意义不同的形容词

英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语,又可以作后置定语,但意义不同。这类词有

present, concerned, involved, adopted 等。

◆present 目前的,现在的;出场的,出席的

?

????

the present situation 目前的形势the employees present 在场的雇员 ◆concerned 担心的,焦虑的;有关的,有牵连的

?????

the concerned doctor 忧心忡忡的医生the doctor concerned 与……事情有关的医生

◆adopted 收养的;被采纳的

?

????

my adopted daughter 我收养的女儿the suggestion adopted 被采纳的建议 ◆involved 复杂难懂的;有关联的

?????

a very involved explanation 一个非常复杂的解释all the people involved 所有有关联的人

3 形容词作表语

(1)大多数形容词作定语(前置)和表语均可,但有些形容词通常作表语。通常用作表语的形容词有:

①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid 害怕的,alone 孤单的,alive 活着的,alike 相似的,ashamed 羞愧的,awake 醒着的

I am afraid I can't go with you. 恐怕我不能和你一起去。

②content, worth, ill (有病的,不舒服的), sure, liable, well 等 The film is worth_seeing. 这部电影值得看。

特别提醒

在使用这类形容词时要注意以下几点:

(1)以“a-”开头的形容词虽不能作前置定语,但可以放在名词后作定语。

(2)多数以“a-”开头的形容词不直接用very修饰,通常有其自身的习惯用法,如:very much alone非常孤单的,sound/fast asleep熟睡的。

(2)有些形容词作表语时,通常不用“人”作主语。

这类形容词常见的有:possible, impossible, probable, likely, convenient, necessary等。

他很可能会参加此会议。

误He is possible to attend the meeting.

正It is possible for him to attend the meeting.

重难点

1 形容词作宾语补足语

形容词作宾语补足语时,可以表示宾语的性质、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果。

Please keep the classroom clean_and_tidy.

请保持教室干净、整洁。

Who left the door open?

谁没有关门?

典例1 Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life________ (easy) and more efficient, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.

[答案]easier 句意:虽然电脑和手机的确使我们的生活变得更舒适、更高效,但它们已减少了面对面交流的需要。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,宾补由形容词充当。由and以及more efficient可知,空格处需用形容词的比较级形式。

2 形容词作状语

形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。常用来说明主语的情况,表示主语的状态、性质、特征等,不表示动作的方式。这类结构通常可用从句或并列句来改写。

They arrived home, tired_and_hungry.

他们回到家,又累又饿。

He came over, eager_to_help.=He came over and (he) was eager to help.

他走过来,急于想帮忙。

典例2 ________(surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

[答案]Surprised 句意:又惊又喜,Tony站起来领了奖。此处形容词短词Surprised and happy作状语,用来描述托尼当时的心情。

3 -ed形容词与-ing形容词

-ed形容词指由及物动词的过去分词转化而成的形容词,多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”。-ing形容词指由及物动词的现在分词转化而成的形容词,多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”。

(1)alive, live, living

You seem very much alive today.

你今天看起来很有活力。

Have you seen a live whale?

你见过活的鲸鱼吗?

He is the greatest living writer in America.他是当今美国最伟大的作家。

(2)worth, worthy, worthwhile

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