虚拟语气语法归纳.

虚拟语气语法归纳

虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。

虚拟条件句

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

例句：

1.表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now ，I would lend it to you.

If I were you ，I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If the had time, she should go with you.

2.表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice ，he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake.

She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

3.表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

If he were to be given another chance to do it again，he could certainly achieve more.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

1.虚拟条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。有时侯在使用时可省略if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的，句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：

Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation，I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

Should there be (= If there should be) a drought，what should we do at that time ? Were I a boy, I would join the army.

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2.错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。例如：

If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn't be going so smoothly.

If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.

3.含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position )、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：

But for the help from you ，I would not have had the chance to go to college.

I would never mind you making such loud noises，but，you see，my baby is in a deep sleep.

It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop.

虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：

She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she should be operated.

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.