海图与海图作业英文赏析

Nautical Chart and Chart Work (海图和海图作业)

Navigation includes finding your ship’s position on the earth and then conducting your ship safely to its destination. Navigation also includes finding your whereabouts on land or the process of finding your way from one point to another.

航海包含在地球上找到你船的位置并引导你船安全到达目的地。航海还包括寻找地面上你的行踪或从一个地方到另一个地方寻路的过程。

A navigation chart is one of the most important publications on board the ship. The charts are graphic representations of water and land areas of the earth’s surface. It is from this information that the navigator decides the areas available for navigation. The chart covers areas including sea areas, rivers, lakes, canals and the land immediately adjacent to it. Different scale charts are needed for deep-sea, coastal, port and river navigation.

导航图是船上最重要的出版物之一。该图是地球表面上陆地和水域的图形表现。导航员基于这个信息决定可供航行的区域。该图涵盖了众多区域，包括海洋、江河、湖泊、运河及相邻的陆地。在深海、沿海、港口和内河航行需要各种不同比例尺的海图。

In other words, a chart is a very important navigation aid or guide.

We shall begin with some basic explanations and concepts used in making a chart. This will give us a good understanding of a navigation chart and allow us to interpret it correctly.

换句话说，海图是非常重要的导航设备或指南。

我们将开始一些海图制作所使用的基本解释和概念。这将使我们良好理解导航海图，并让我们能正确解释。

1 Navigation Chart

A navigation chart is primarily used for marine navigation. Navigation chart shows much of the information hidden beneath the surface of the water. Information of great importance such as depths, dangers, underwater structures, corals, rocks, ocean currents, seamounts, nature of the sea bed etc, are not visible from the surface.

The Hydrographic department takes great care to ensure that charts are accurate and reliable because chart users have no visual means of checking the hydrographic information provided.

一个导航图主要用于海上导航。导航图显示了许多隐藏在水面以下的信息。非常重要的信息如水深、危险物、水下建筑物、珊瑚礁、礁石、洋流、海底锥形山、海床性质等从海面是看不见的。

水道测量部门非常细心，以确保海图准确可靠，因为海图使用者无法用视觉手段来检查所提供的水文信息。

2 Metric Chart

An important point to note when you open a navigation chart is to note whether the depths are in meter or fathom. Note that the statement such as “Depths in meters” is written below the title of the chart. This means that depths of water and heights above water level on this chart are in meters. Such charts are known as Metric Charts.

当你打开海图时要注意的重要一点是深度单位是米还是拓。注意在海图标题下写的诸如“水深单位为米”的声明。这意味着海图上的水深和水面上高度单位是米。这种海图被称为米制海图。

3 Chart Identification Numbers

A unique number given to a chart by the Hydrographic organization making it identifies each chart. The chart number is written on the top left-hand corner and the bottom right-hand corner.

海图图号（识别号）：水道测量组织给每张海图一个唯一编号以识别每一张海图。海图图号印在图的左上角和右下角。

4 Salient Features of Navigation Charts

Open the chart that you have kept handy and look at the symbols showing various features. To begin with, on opening the chart, notice the following:

(1) Title of the chart gives the name of the particular chart. The title is printed in the most convenient location so that it can be made large and bold enough without obscuring important navigation data printed on the chart.

打开你手边方便的海图，查看显示各种特点的海图图式。打开海图，开始注意以下：

海图标题给出了特定海图的名称。标题被刊印在最合适的位置，这样可以做得够大够醒目而不致影响印在海