离子注入微生物诱变育种研究进展

除去,A Hein fling 等人在研究中发现[28],MnP 可用于偶氮和酞菁转化,当反应体系中加入藜芦醇时,转化率可提高8～100倍。另外,MnP 对偶氮类、蒽醌、杂环、三苯甲烷、高分子染料尚具有脱色和部分矿化能力。712　造纸工业

MnP 在纸浆的生物漂白方面有很大的应用前景。T oshiya

Sasaki 等人采用固定化MnP 法[29]

,构建了热稳定的两步反应体系,对纸浆处理完毕后,在7h 内,纸浆的漂白度增加88%。713　褐煤的生物降解

微生物对低阶煤具有脱硫、液化等能力[30],Willmann 等人[31]研究发现,白腐真菌可对溶于水的褐煤大分子进行漂白,酶学研究表明其中起作用的是MnP ,无LiP 和漆酶活性。体外研究发现,Nematoloma frowardii 和Clitocybula dusenii 分泌的MnP 可迅速对Rhenish 褐煤解聚,生成小分子量的黄腐酸[32]。本课题组在内蒙褐煤的微生物降解研究中发现,降解过程中有MnP ΠLiP 活性,无漆酶活性;且降解后黄腐酸的含量明显升高,研究有待进一步深化。

8　展望

MnP 的底物专一性弱,可氧化各类芳香化合物及一些难生物降解的物质,但由于其底物的多样性及酶本身结构、基因编码、调控表达的复杂性,所以国内的研究尚处于初期阶段;国外的研究虽然取得一定进展,但对于MnP 的分子生物学、高效表达体系的构建等研究尚有待深入。

MnP 除在已知的生物制浆、纸浆的酶法漂白、有机污染物的降解和环境的生物修复领域有重要用途,而且研究发现MnP 在褐煤的生物转化过程中起重要作用。褐煤是一种应用价值低的劣质煤,长期露天堆放,不仅造成能源浪费,而且造成环境污染。我国有丰富的褐煤资源,占已发现煤炭资源的1217%,褐煤经微生物降解后,活性组分黄腐酸的含量显著提高,黄腐酸可用于工、农、医、牧、环境等各个领域。

加快对MnP 遗传学和生理学机理的研究,构建高效表达载体实现MnP 的工业化生产,不但可以加快木素生物降解的进程,对实现生物能的绿色转化具有重要意义;而且为高效利用我国的煤炭资源,实现能源的高效生物转化开辟了新途径。参考文献:[1]H lker U ,Ludwig S ,Scheel T ,et al 1M echanisms of coal s olubilization by the deuteromycetes Trichoderma atroviride and Fusarium oxysporum [J ]1Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ,1999,52:57-591[2]K irk TK,Farrell R L 1Enzymatic “C ombustion ”:the microbial degradation of lignin[J ]1A nnu R ev Microbiol ,1987,41:465-5051

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离子注入微生物诱变育种研究进展

宫春波

1,2

,刘鹭1,谢丽源1,贺稚非

1

(11西南农业大学食品科学学院,重庆400716;21莱阳农学院食品科学系,山东莱阳265200)

摘要:论述了离子注入微生物育种的三大特征,介绍了微生物接受注入离子的方法、离子注入机的简单结构和工作情况。概述了近几年来离子注入微生物,改良、选育优良工业微生物菌株的应用研究情况,分析了今后离子注入微生物育种的发展趋势。

关键词:离子注入;微生物育种;诱变特征;工业微生物

中图分类号:Q345;Q69115 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-311X (2003)02-0047-03

收稿日期:2002-10-28;修回日期:2003-01-14

作者简介:宫春波(1972-),男,硕士生,讲师,研究方向:微生物酶及其酶制剂。

离子注入生物体诱变育种是人工诱变方法的一种新发

明[1]。已经证实离子注入诱变,可以获得高突变率,扩大突变谱,为筛选优良的突变型菌株提供广阔的空间[2];同时,离子束也可以作为介质进行外源目的基因转移和转导。目前,利用离子注入已经获得转基因植物;转含有耐辐射异常球菌基

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