羟考酮与布托啡诺预防舒芬太尼诱导引起咳嗽的效果比较

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羟考酮与布托啡诺预防舒芬太尼诱导引起咳嗽的效果比较

作者:曹琳李谋黄晓玲

来源:《中国当代医药》2020年第18期

[摘要]目的探討羟考酮和布托啡诺在全麻诱导期间预防舒芬太尼引起咳嗽的效果。方法

选取2018年9月~2019年10月于我院拟采用全麻插管择期手术的120例患者作为研究对象,年龄18~60岁,美国麻醉师协会(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将其分成O组、B组和S组,每组各40例。O组患者静脉注射0.05 mg/kg羟考酮,B组患者静脉注射0.01 mg/kg

布托啡诺,S组患者静脉注射等容量0.9%生理盐水;30 s后静脉注射0.4 μg/kg舒芬太尼,注射时间5 s,1 min后追加其他静脉诱导药物完成气管插管。观察并记录麻醉诱导期间咳嗽严重程度及发生情况以及麻醉诱导前(T0)、静脉注射舒芬太尼前(T1)、插管后2 min(T2)的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果 S组患者咳嗽的总发生率为35.0%(14/40,轻度4例、中度7例和重度3例),O组为10.0%(4/40,轻度3例,中度1例),B组为12.5%

(5/40,轻度5例)。O组、B组患者咳嗽的总发生率与严重程度均低于S组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);O组和B组患者咳嗽的总发生率及严重程度比较,差异无统计学意义

(P>0.05)。T0、T1和T2时刻,三组患者的MAP、HR比较,差异无统计学意义

(P>0.05)。结论 0.05 mg/kg羟考酮和0.01 mg/kg布托啡诺可以安全有效地预防舒芬太尼诱导引起的咳嗽,且效果类似。

[关键词]羟考酮;布托啡诺;舒芬太尼;全身麻醉;咳嗽

[中图分类号] R614; ; ; ; ; [文献标识码] A; ; ; ; ; [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)6(c)-0013-04

Effect comparison of Oxycodone and Butorphanol in preventing Sufentanil-induced cough

CAO Lin; ;LI Mou; ;HUANG Xiao-ling

Department of Anesthesiology,Hu′nan Provincial People′s Hospital, Changsha; ;410000,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of Oxycodone and Butorphanol in preventing Sufentanil-induced cough. Methods A total of 120 patients (aged 18-60 years, American Association of Anesthesiologists [ASA] Ⅰ-Ⅱ) undergoing elective surgery for general anesthesia intubation in our hospital from September 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into group O, group B and group S according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. Patients in group O received intravenous injection of 0.05 mg/kg Oxycodone, patients in group B received intravenous injection of 0.01 mg/kg Butorphanol, and patients in group S received intravenous equivalent volume of 0.9% normal saline. Sufentanil 0.4

μg/kg was injected 30 seconds later and administrated within 5 seconds. Other anesthesia drugs were given 1 minute later for induction and endotracheal intubation. The severity and incidence of cough during anesthesia induction, as well as the average arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) before anesthesia induction (T0), before the injection of Sufentanil (T1), 2 minutes after endotracheal intubation (T2) were observed and recorded. Results The total incidence rate of

cough in group S was 35.0% (14/40, mild 4 cases, moderate 7 cases, and severe 3 cases),group O was 10.0% (4/40, mild 3 cases, moderate 1 case), and group B was 12.5% (5/40,mild 5 cases). The total incidence rate and severity of cough of patients in group O and B were lower than those in group S, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the total incidence rate and severity of cough between group O and group B (P>0.05). At T0, T1 and T2, there were no significant differences in MAP and HR among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Oxycodone at 0.05 mg/kg and Butorphanol at 0.01 mg/kg can safely and effectively prevent Sufentanil-induced cough with similar effect.

[Key words] Oxycodone; Butorphanol; Sufentanil; General anesthesia; Cough

在麻醉诱导时快速静脉注射舒芬太尼可以引起患者不同程度的咳嗽[1-2]。严重的咳嗽可以导致颅内压、胸内压和眼内压的急剧升高,对颅内高压、主动脉夹层、肺大疱或眼外伤的急诊患者,可能会带来严重的并发症,加速病情恶化,甚至危及患者的生命。同时,阿片类药物诱导引起的咳嗽是术后恶心和呕吐的危险因素[3]。值得注意的是,近期经呼吸道飞沫传播的新型冠状病毒肺炎,其感染者麻醉诱导时发生咳嗽,可能形成气溶胶传染给医务人员。舒芬太尼诱发咳嗽的作用机制尚不明确,研究发现,羟考酮或布托啡诺可以较好地预防舒芬太尼诱导引起的咳嗽[4-5]。两种药物的药理作用不同,且对两者的预防效果进行比较的临床研究少见。故本研究探讨一定剂量的羟考酮和布托啡诺预防舒芬太尼诱导引起咳嗽的效果,一是为临床提供实际参考,二是从临床角度推测诱发咳嗽的可能机制,现报道如下。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取2018年9月~2019年10月于我院拟采用全麻插管择期手术的120例患者作为研究对象,年龄18~60岁,美国麻醉师协会(American Association of Anesthesiologists,ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。排除标准:①妊娠期女性;②患有支气管扩张、肺大疱;③哮喘、慢性咳嗽、2周内上呼吸道感染或口服血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等气道高反应者;④高血压病血压控制不佳者;⑤羟考酮和布托啡诺过敏者;⑥拟行开颅或眼内手术等。本研究通过我院医学伦理委员会审核,且所有患者均知情同意。采用随机数字表法将其分成O组、B组和S组,每组各40例。三组患者的性别、年龄、体重、ASA分级等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1),具有可比性。

1.2方法

患者均无术前用药,在手术等候室开放外周静脉通道,入手术室后常规心电监护(无创血压、心率和脉搏氧饱和度)。面罩给氧2 min后,O组患者静脉注射0.05 mg/kg羟考酮注射液[萌蒂(中国)制药有限公司,生产批号:CB708],B组患者静脉注射0.01 mg/kg布托啡诺注

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