大学英语语法 第二十三讲 强调

第二十三讲

强调

在说话或写文章时, 我们有时候要突出或强调某个词、词组或句子, 这时就要用强调结

构。下面探讨的是各类强调句型、强调词汇及强调方式。

一、结构强调

1 . It is (was) + 状语+ that + 句子

这种结构用来强调状语, 表示状语成分的可以是单词、词组或句子。句子可以是主语从句、宾语从句或状语从句。强调的如果是原因状语从句, 从句只能由because 引导, 不能由since、as 或why 引导。例如:

I t was last summer that I graduated from the university . 我是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。(时间状语)

I t was at an evening party that I first saw her . 我是在一次晚会上第一次见到她的。

(地点状语)

I t is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health . 人们生病了才知道健康的

价值。(时间状语从句)

I t was because(不用since、why 或as) the water had risen that they could not cross the river . 正是因为水涨了, 他们没有渡过河去。(原因状语从句)

I t is what you will do that is essential . 重要的是你的行动。(主语从句)

2 . It is(was) + 代词(名词, 形容词) + that(who, whom, which,whose) + 句子

这种结构强调名词或代词, 这个名词或代词可以是后面句子的主语、宾语或宾语补足语,

如果是主语, 则直接用that + 谓语。这时, 句中的that 可用who, whom, which 等代替。例如:

It is Prof essor Wu that (who) sent me the letter . 给我寄信的是吴教授。(主语)

It is I that am (或is) to go in her place . 代她去的是我。(主语)

It is you that are (或is) to blame . 该受责备的是你。(主语)

It is this novel that( which) they talked about last week . 他们上周讨论的就是这部小

说。(宾语)

It was Doctor James that (whom) we invited to give us a lecture . 被邀请给我们作报告

的是詹姆士博士。(宾语)

It was chairman of the committee that we elected her . (宾语补足语)

It is red that he has painted the door . (宾语补足语)

.. 注意下面句子的差异:

I suppose it is I who am responsible . (不用is)

I suppose it is me who is responsible . (不用am)

I suppose it is he ( she) who is responsible .

I suppose it is we ( they) who are responsible .

It is him whom you met at the station . (强调结构, 不用he)

That is he whom you met at the station . ( that is . . .结构, 不用him)

Note: 值得注意的是, 有三类句子成分不可以进行强调, 即表语、谓语动词和though, al

新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书

816 第二十三讲

强

调

though, whereas 等引导的让步状语从句或对比状语从句。例如:

The picture is wonderful . (表语)

It is wonder ful the picture is . (误)

Alice teaches music at a middle school . (谓语动词)

It is teaches that Alice music at a middle school . (误)

Although he is young, he knows a lot about the world . (让步状语从句)

It is though he is young that he knows a lot about the world . (误)

I like classical music whereas he prefers pop songs . (对比状语从句)

It is whereas he pre f ers pop songs that I like classical music . (误)

3 . 句尾的强调

英语句子的句尾是突出的位置, 要强调某个部分, 可以把它放在句尾, 而把不重要的部分放在句子中间。例如:

Karl saw in Inga strength, determination, a vigorous and vivacious girl , the kind of woman he needed .

The war would soon break out in the Middle East , we were told . (弱)

The war , we were told, would soon break out in the Middle East . (强)据说, 中东不

久就要爆发战争了。

Team A will win the match, in all probability . (弱)

Team A will , in all probability, win the match . (强) A 队很可能赢得这场比赛。

The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways . (弱)

In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization . (强)

4 . 倒装结构和句首的强调

倒装结构和句首位置可以强调表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语等。例如:

Never will they give up the struggle for f reedom and peace . (状语)

Under no circumstances can visitors be allowed to walk on the grass . (状语)

Most bitterly did she complain to her father .

Never a cent did he earn in the whole month .

Not in the least would he care about it .

Seldom have I seen her recently .

Hardly does she understand what he wants .

Hardly a slice o f bread did they waste .

No one else shall I live with .

Only yesterday did I hear of the news .

Across the river lies a newly built bridge .

Very little care does he take of the children .

He was a famous singer, I..ve heard . (宾语从句)

Enclosed is a cheque for 300 yuan . (谓语)

A terrible mess you..ve made of the work . (宾语)

War we are not afraid of, but war we are opposed to . (介词宾语)