高血压流行病学

高血压流行病学

左晏宁黄道盛

高血压患病率随年龄增长而升高；女性在更年期前患病率略低于男性，但在更年期后迅速升高，甚至高于男性；（与雌激素可降压有关）高纬度寒冷地区患病率高于低纬度温暖地区，高海拔地区高于低海拔地区；与饮食习惯有关，盐和饱和脂肪摄入越高，平均血压水平和患病率也越高。我国人群高血压流行有两个比较显著的特点：从南方到北方，高血压患病率呈递增趋势；不同民族之间高血压患病率也有一些差异，生活在北方或高原地区的民族患病率较高，而生活在南方或非高原地区的民族患病率则较低，这种差异可能与地理环境、生活方式等有关，尚未发现各民族之间有明显的遗传背景差异。（中国高血压防治指南上说蒙古族朝鲜族较多，壮族较少）

世界范围内的数据引用WIKIPEDIA

从图中可以看出，中亚地区偏高。

有一个有意思的问题，俄罗斯的冠心病全线飘红，而高血压相对不是那么严重。一般来说，冠心病是高血压的“后果”。这提示我们，其冠心病可能与遗传因素，动脉粥样硬化相关性更大。动脉粥样硬化的流行病学数据找不到。

从流行病学我们可以看出，生活方式对高血压的形成产生了至关重要的作用。良好的生活习惯是远离慢性病的必要因素。

高血压自我意识情况不好。应该增强人们的意识，按时体检，在血压偏高时即控制住疾病进程。

As of 2000, nearly one billion people or ~26% of the adult population of the world had hypertension.[86]It was common in both developed (333 million) and undeveloped (639 million) countries.[86] However rates vary markedly in different regions with rates as low as 3.4% (men) and 6.8% (women) in rural India and as high as 68.9% (men) and 72.5% (women) in Poland.[87]In Europe hypertension occurs in about 30-45% of people as of 2013.[52]

In 1995 it was estimated that 43 million people in the United States had hypertension or were taking antihypertensive medication, almost 24% of the adult United States population.[88] The prevalence of hypertension in the United States is increasing and reached 29% in 2004.[89][90]As of 2006 hypertension affects 76 million US adults (34% of the population) and African American adults have among the highest rates of hypertension in the world at 44%.[91] It is more common in blacks and native Americans and less in whites and Mexican Americans, rates increase with age, and is greater in the southeastern United

States. Hypertension is more prevalent in men (though menopause tends to decrease this

difference) and in those of low socioeconomic status.

[2]

Disability-adjusted life year forhypertensive heart disease per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.[85]

no data

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