定语从句学案1

定语从句

一、定义

1.“Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.”中_______是先行词；that是____________，代替先行词，在从句中作have read的____________。

2.关系代词有_______________________________________，若在限制性定语从句中作_______语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其它情况不可省。关系副词有______________。

3.关系代词或副词常有三个作用：引导_____________;代替___________;在定语从句中充当一个成分。

4.__________________形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。

____________________是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用_________分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。其中关系代词_______和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

二、关系词的作用

关系词指代人或物在定语从句中充当的成分

关系代词that 主语、宾语、表语或状语物或主句内容主语、宾语或定语

who

whom

whose

人或物或主句内容主语或宾语

关系副词when 时间where 地点why 原因

三、关系代词的使用

1..定语从句中的主谓一致问题

1) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

I, who ________(be)your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.

2) one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词；而the only one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 单数动词

Harry Potter is one of the best-sellers that__________(be) popular with teenagers.

Harry Potter is the only one of the best-sellers that _________(make)the author a billionaire. 3) 非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

Great changes have taken place in China , as ________(be)known to all.

4) 关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。

To own a TV set in each family , which we think ________(be)impossible 20 years ago , now

has become true.

2.指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：

1)当先行词为___________________________________________________________等不定代词时：All that can be done has been done.

2)当先行词被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时：

This is the very dictionary_______I want to buy.

3)当先行词是___________________________或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

4)先行词__________________________时：Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时：Who is the man ___________is standing there?

6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用______：They have set up

a company, which deals with the things__________are related to environment protection.

7)当先行词在主句中作________，而关系代词也在从句中作_______时：Hangzhou is no more the city _________ it used to be.

3．指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用which的情况:

1)在引导_________________时：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

2)介词后：We depend on the land from ________we get our food.

3)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用_______。

Is this the book that refers to the famous building which we will go to visit?

4．指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况:

1) 当先行词是___________时：Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?

2) 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。

Is this the docter that helped the people__________ were injured in the accident?

5．whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词= ______________= of which+the+n.

The classroom whose door/ the door of which/____________ is broken is on the second floor. 6.关系代词as和which

1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思，如as (it) appears, as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as (it) was pointed out/said/reported/announced, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is well-known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”。

__________we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

The sun heats the earth, _________is very important to us.

2)as也用于以下搭配：the same+名词+as “和……同样的”，such+名词+as/so+adj.+a(n)+名词“像……一样的，像……之类的”，…such as…“这（那）样的人/ 物”。

She wore the same dress __________her young sister wore.

This house is not __________I expect.这房子不像我期望的那样。