英美国家历史与文化答案
英美国家历史与文化答案 Revised by BLUE on the afternoon of December 12,2020.
Chapter 1 Land and History
1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points
for each)
1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathers
of the American Republic EXCEPT__C_.
A.George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Roger Williams
D. John
Adams
2)The following were some of the characteristics of Puritanism
EXCEPT_A_.
A. Manifest destiny
B. Religious freedom
C. Intolerant moralism
D. Separation of state and
church
3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D.
A. Silent movies
B. Ku Klux Klan
C. Prohibition
D. Television
4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the House
of Representatives, but retired in the_A_.
A. The Senate
B.the Supreme Court
C. The Department of Justice
D.
The Federal Reserve
5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon
administration B
A. Vietnamization
B. Cuban Missile Crisis
C. Watergate Scandal
D. Re-establishing US with China.
2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5
points for each)
1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal
2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT
Industry
3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal
4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis
5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only
that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the
sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. He
means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom
lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect.
当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的
山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的
大海。他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这
片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。
Chapter 2 Government and Politics
for each)
1)Congress can override the president’s vote by a ___vote. A
A.two-thirds
B. Three-fourths
C. Single majority
D. four-fifths
2)There are currently ___Supreme Court justices on the bench. B
A. 7
B. 9
C. 11
D. 13
3)The Founders wanted the ___branch to be the dominant branch of the federal government. B
A.executive
B. legislative
C. Judicial
D. media
4)Among the elected political officials, only___are elected by all citizens of the United States. C
A.Congressman
B. Vice-president
C. President
D. State governors
5)What is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court D
A.Veto
B. Overriding a veto
C. Impeachment
D. Judicial review.
2.Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)
1)___F_ African American had the rights to vote in 1776.
2)__F__For the United States, one of the basic principles is
socialist democracy.
3)__T__American president has no vote in congress.
4)__F__Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law.
5)_F__Wilson succeeded to persuade Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
Whatever changes in Obama’s handling of foreign affairs, one thing to be sure about is that the changes are tactical in nature. Many of the goals pursued by the Bush administration remain unchanged. First, America will lead. As Secretary of State Hillary Clinton put it, “The question is not whether our nation can or should lead, but how it will lead in the 21st century.” Second, export of democracy will continue, but less with the help of bayonet. Third, military strength and use of force are important. “We will not hesitate to defend our friends, our interest and also all our people, vigorously and when necessary with the world’s strongest military.
不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段，我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略。布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变。首先，美国将会领导其他国家。正如美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导，而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导。其次，民主输出将会继续，但是要减少对武力的依赖。再次，军备实力和武装的调度很重要。“我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友，保障我们的利益和我们的人民，并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量。”
Chapter 4 Social Life and Culture
for each)
1)which of the following is a non-profit public television network
in the US C
A.ABC
B. CBS
C. PBS
D. CNN
2)Jazz has its roots in the following EXCEPT___. D
A.West African musical culture.
B. African American music
traditions
C. European military band music
D. American native Indian music
3)which is not included in the theme of country music B
A.Love and romance
B. War and peace
C. Past glories
D. Religious beliefs
4)which theme among the four was the LEAST relevant to Ernest Hemingway’s works
5)B
6)
A.War
B. Romance
C. Death
D. Disillusionment
5)which one among the following writers was an African American B
A.Arthur Miller
B. Toni Morrison
C. Mark Twain
D. J.D.Salinger
2.Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points
for each)
1)__T_American churches are not only places where ceremonies are conducted, but community centers for people to make friends with each other.
2)_F__Americans observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chinese.
3)__F_Americans only like popular music while little attention is paid to classical music.
4)__T_Country music was originally played and listened to by Americans farmers.
5)__T_Rock’n’roll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
Toni Morrison is an African-American novelist. Her richly woven fiction has gained her international reputation. In her novels, she treats the complex identities of black people in a universal manner. And in 1993, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In her early work The Bluest Eye (1970), a strong-willed young black girl tells the story of Pecola Breedlove, who survives an abusive father. Pecola believes that her dark eyes magically become blue, and that they will make her lovable. Morrison has said that she was creating her own sense of identity as a writer through this novel: “ I was Pecola, Claudia, everybody.” her other books include Sula (1973), Song of Solomon (1977), and Beloved (1987).
托尼·莫里森是一位着名的非裔美籍小说家。她凭借其情节跌宕起伏的小说而享誉全球。在她的小说里，她一一种最普遍的方式来处理黑人复杂的身份认
知。她与1993年获得里诺贝尔文学奖。在其早期的作品《最蓝的眼睛》（1970）中，一个坚强的黑人女孩讲述了一个从有暴力倾向的父亲手里存活下来的帕克拉·布里得拉维的故事。帕克拉相信她的黑色眼睛奇迹般的变成蓝色，并且蓝色的眼睛会让她变得讨人喜欢。莫里森说过她是以一个作家的身份通过这本小说来建立自己的身份认知。“大家好，我是帕克拉·克劳迪娅。”她其他的作品包括《苏拉》（1973），《所罗门之歌》（1977）和《亲爱的》（1987）。
Chapter 6 Land an History
1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or
statement.(5 points for each)
1)Great Britain includes the following EXCEPT___. D
A.England
B. Wales
C. Scotland
D. Northern Ireland.
2)which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text about London as a center of ____ D
A.Politics
B. Commerce
C. Culture
D. Industry.
3) the item that Doomsday book did not record was___.D
https://www.360docs.net/doc/e512008753.html,nd and property
B. Mills and cottages
C. Duties and landowners
D. Pet animals
4)the “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne. D
A.Charles I
B. Charles II
C. James II
D. William and Mary.
5)Oliver Cromwell ruled England for about ___ years in the 17th century. A
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D.50
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)Ben Nevis c a. the best-known river in the IK
2)The Thames a b. who led Saxon against invasion by the Vikings
3)Loch Ness d c. the highest peak in the UK
4)Alfred the Great b d. a lake in Scottish Highlands
5)William the Conqueror d e. who ruled England from early 11th century.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
The city is appreciated for its beauty and its cultural life, particularly during the world-famous Edinburgh Festival, a collection of several festivals of music and drama held in autumn at various centers in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Military Tattoo ( an annual military parade ) is held in the parade ground of the castle for three weeks in August an September. The event is a popular tourist attraction an adds color to the Edinburgh Festival.
这座城市以其美丽的风光和丰富的文化生活而为人所向往，尤其是在世界闻名的爱丁堡节庆期间——秋季，在各种各样的中心开展丰富多彩的音乐节和戏剧节。每年的八月和九月都会在城堡的游行广场举行为期三周的爱丁堡军乐节
（一种年度的军队游行）。这个盛世喜迎了很多的游客，同时，也为爱丁堡节庆增添了色彩。
Chapter7 Government and Politics
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.
1)A bill dealing with finance is introduced ____. B
A.In the House of Lords
B. In the House of Commons
C. By the Lord Chancellor
D. By the Home of Secretary
2)The Prime Minister leads in____. A
A.The Cabinet
B. The House of Office
C. Parliament
D. The judiciary
3)The Conservative and Labor parties predominant the general
election ever since ____. B
A. 1920
B. 1945
C. 1950
D. 1975
4)The general election in the UK is held every___years. D
A.Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
5)Statue la in the UK consists of ____. C
A.Practice in court
B. Convention
C. Acts of Parliament
D. Customs
2.Judge whether each of the following statement is true(T) or
false(F).
1)_F___ The Cabinet consists of only important department minsters.
2)__F__ Only the House of Commons can introduce bills.
3)___T_ Tony Blair ran the government in three terms in a row.
4)__T__ Chancellor of the Exchequer is a Cabinet minister.
5)__F__ NO. 10 Downing Street stands for the Cabinet while Buckingham Palace stands for Parliament.
3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.
Official UK policy since 1997 towards China is to advance its commercial interests and to promote “positive” social and political change in China. The UK retains a political dialogue with China over human rights apart from participating in multilateral dialogue through the EU. In effect, increasing economic ties with China is seen as being the best way of integrating China into international society and also of benefiting the interests of UK business. The bilateral trade and economic cooperation between nations has enjoyed continued development. The United Kingdom remains China’s largest interest investor and the second largest trade partner among countries.
自1997年起，英对中的官方政策一推动商贸交易和促进中囯在社会和经济上的改革委中心。除了欧盟的多方会谈外，英国还就人权问题同中国保持对话。事实上，加强中英双方的经济交流是中国融入国际社会的最好方式，同时也是有利于英国商业受益的最好方式。中英两国的双方贸易和经济合作持续推进。在所有欧盟国家中，英国是中国最大的投资国和第二大贸易伙伴。
Chapter 9 Social life
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.
1)British way of life has often been described as being___.A
A.Peaceful and quiet
B. Underdevelopment
C. Poor and miserable
D. Materialized
2)Which of the following changes is NOT accurate about British food C
A.Quality
B. Character
C. Taste
D. Chefs
3)In a British pub one can do the following EXCEPT___. B
A.Order a drink at the bar
B.Order food at a table
C.Talk to strangers freely
D.Talk to others noisily.
4)The sport that is being criticized in the UK is____. A
A.Fox hunting
B. Football
C. Open camping
D. Horse racing
5)Which of the following is a quality paper A
A.Daily Telegraph
B. Daily Mirror
C. Daily Mai l
D. Daily Express
2. Judge whether each of the following statement is true(T) or
false(F).
1)__T__ there are rapid growth in the post-war prosperity of British society.
2)__T__ British people enjoy food from foreign restaurants in the UK.
3)__F__ Most of the British holidays now are spent by people
traveling abroad.
4)___F_ The low price offered by out-of-town malls can be upset by the cost of petrol used for driving there.
5)_F___ Most of the owner-occupied dwellings have been acquired with the aid from the government.
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Newspapers in the UK speak for class-based groups. The two
tabloids have a predominantly working-class readership, the “qualities” a more middle-class and well-educated one. Advertisements foe teachers and social workers usually appear in the The Guardian because teachers ans social workers are apt to read The Guardian, which support the interests of public sector employees. In contrast, The Times speaks for what used to be called the establishment. The Daily Express and Daily Mail are more up-market tabloids and have a socially more representative readership.
在英国，针对不同的阶级有不同的报纸。通俗小报拥有很多工薪阶层的读者，而“品质”报则拥有中产阶级和受过良好教育的读者。在《卫报》上常常刊登教师和社工的招聘广告，因为教师和社工倾向于看维护公共雇员利益的
《卫报》。相反，《时代周刊》则为所谓国家利益机构代言。《每日快报》和《每日邮报》是较上层的小报并且拥有较有社会代表性的读者。
Chapter 11 A Nation from Sea to Sea
1.Judge whether each of statement is true(F) or false(F).
1)__F__ In area, Canada is the largest country i the world.
2)___F_ Canada has always been ranked in first place as “ the most livable country in the world.”
3)__T__ The westernmost province of British Columbia is in the
Pacific Region.
4)__T__ The majority of population in Toronto is of neither British nor French descent.
5)__T__ The newly set up of the Italian navigator who landed in Newfoundland in 1497 is John Cabot.
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)Canada’s first Prime Minister c a.Champlain
2)Father of New France a b.Ottawa
3)Largest Canadian city d c.John A .Macdonald
4)The official Languages Act e d. Toronto
5)Capital city of Canada b e.Pierre E.Trudean
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
When I think of Canada, I think of forests filled with animals,
and vast amounts of trees. I think of mountains high, of lakes where beavers live. When I think of Canada, I see hockey on the ice, and baseball players on the field, holding our flag with pride. When I think of Canada, I think of people proud, to be of different cultures, I think of Niagara Falls, the natural wonders of our land. When I
think of Canada, I see the great Sky Dome. I see a place that many people can proudly call their home.
Chapter 14 The Country Down Under
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or
statement.( 5 points for each)
1)Currently, Australia’s biggest trading partner is ____. A
A.China
B. Japan
C. The USA
D. ASEAN countries.
2)Australia and China established diplomatic relations in____. B
A. 1971
B. 1972
C. 1973
D. 1974
3)Australia is NOT a member of_____. C
A.APEC
B. ANZUS
C. ASEAN
D. WTO
4)Which of the following is a minority party in Australian politics D
A.The Australian Labor Party
B. The Liberal Party
C. The National Party
D. The Australian Greens.
5)Which of the following statement s true D
A.The party that wins the majority of seats in the Senate forms the government.
B.The Prime Minster is appointed by the Governor-General.
C.The House of Representatives has an equal members form each state.
D.The Senate has an equal number of members from each state.
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)South Australia d a. the most isolated city in the world.
2)Australia Day c b. the most artificial city in Australia
3)“ Advanced Australia Fair” e c.Survived Day for the indigenous people
4)Canberra b d. a convict-free colony
5)Perth a e.national anthem of Australia 3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Australia is the second largest country in the southern hemisphere in terms of is land area, neat to Brazil. It is also the only country in the world that occupies a whole continent. The Australian
continent is the smallest of all the continents; at the same time it is also the largest island in the world. The total territory of Australia covers an area of 7’692’024 sq km( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). It is the sixth largest country in the world,
after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil.
就陆地面积而言，澳大利亚是南半球面积第二的国家。毗邻巴西。它也是世界上唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。澳大利亚大陆是所有大陆中面积最小的；同时，它也是世界上最大的岛屿。澳大利亚的所有领地面积为7,692，024平方千米。（澳大利亚国家统计局2006年数据）它是世界上第六大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，加拿大，中国,美国和巴西。
Chapter 17 Land, History and People.
1.Judge whether each statement is true(F) or false(F).
1)___T_ It was the Viking invaders that gave Ireland its present name.
2)___F_ Like English, Irish Gaeilge belongs to Roman languages.
3)__F__ Ireland declared itself a republic in 1922.
4)___T_ The Tain is the title for the Irish Celt’s saga.
5)__T__ When founded in 1594, Trinity College, Dublin was open only
to Protestants.
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.
1)St Brigid a a.British king/queen who found Trinity College, Dublin
2)Maria Edgeworth c b.British king/queen who first set foot in Ireland.
3)Henry II b c.Author of Castle Rackrent.
4)Henry VIII e d.CO-founder of a nunnery in County Kildare
5)Elizabeth I a e.British king/queen who upgraded Ireland from Lordship to a full Kingdom
3.Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Despite these tensions, most of the 18th century was a period of relative peace in comparison with the preceding two hundred years and the two centuries to follow. During this period the population doubled to cover four million, and, while this time is recalled in folk memory as one of political oppression of the majority of the Irish population, by the late 18th century, many of the Anglo-Irish ruling class-once considered too Irish in England and too English in Ireland, now became quite adamantly Irish in Ireland. It is perhaps one of the greatest ironies of British colonization that, in the revolts over the coming century, those who inspired them were largely Protestant, well-born and Anglo-Irish in origin.
除了一些紧张的局势外，相对于之前的两个世纪和之后的两个世纪来说，18世纪的大部分时间局势都相对和平。在这段时期内，人口增长了两倍，超过了400万，并且这个事情被认为是对爱尔兰人的压迫时期。在18世纪晚期，很多在英国的安格拉-爱尔兰统治阶级被认为太爱尔兰化，而在爱尔兰的安格拉-爱尔兰统治阶级被认为太过英国化。而这些人现在都成了坚定不移的爱尔兰人。这也许是英国殖民地最讽刺的事情了，这些鼓励他们的人大部分都是清教徒和出身高贵的安格拉-爱尔兰人。
Chapter 19 Land and History
1.Choose the most appropriate answers to each question or statement.( 5
points for each)
1)The first European to sight New Zealand was____. B
A.Captain James Cook
B. Abel Tasman
C. Young Nick
D. Captain Bligh
2)New Zealand’s highest mountain is _____. C
A.Mt. Ruapehu
B. Mt. Tatanaki/ Mt Egmont
C. Mt. Cook
D. Mt. Tasman
3)The unique flightless bird in New Zealand is ___. A
A.Th kiwi
B. The laughing bird
C. The kea
D. The swallow
4)Mario have lived in New Zealand for ____.A
A. over 20.000
B. Over 500
C. Less than 500
D. Less than 100
5)How many Mario tribe chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the British Crown B
A.100
B. 200
C. 500 .1000
6)The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in___.A
A.1840
B. 1850
C. 1890
D.1901
2.Match the items in Column A with the answers in Column B.( 5 points for each)
1) South Island c a.moa
2) North Island b b.volcanoes
3) national symbol d c. glaciers
4) extinct bird a d.kiwi
3. Translate the following English passage into Chinese.
Many birds species became extinct after the arrival of Polynesians, who brought the kiore (Pacific rat) and the kufi( dog) from Polynesia. Flightless and ground-nesting birds proved easy picking for Polynesian, who simply walked up to moa and hit them. While humans
are the most likely cause of the larger birds’ extinction, the kiore is the prime suspect in the disappearance of smaller birds and invertebrates. The kiore and the kuri wre the only mamals until Europeans arrived.
在博尼利亚人来到新西兰后很多鸟类灭绝了。他们从博尼利亚带来了笑鸮(太平洋地区的老鼠）和（狗）。不擅飞行和在地上筑巢的鸟类对他们来说简直
就是手到擒来。他们只需简单的走上前去击打它们。人类是体型较大鸟类灭亡
的主要原因，而笑鸮则是小型鸟类和无脊椎动物灭绝的主要嫌犯。笑鸮和是
欧洲人到达新西兰大陆前仅有的哺乳动物。
英语国家社会与文化__翻译_第三单元
Text 英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家，可以在1000年追查根源。其他国家也有长期的政治历史，但这些历史是由突发期显着，而经常是暴力，改变。虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比，说，法国，美国，还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化，而不是革命。这种长期，不间断的历史仍然十分明显，在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。 The Monarchy 政府机构，是最古老的君主（由国王规则）。这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的，直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。本女王伊丽莎白二世，是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特，谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。 君主的权力，主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。有人认为，主权来自他从上帝的权威，不能从他的臣民。由于这种神圣的权利，尽管有不同的家庭之间，有时谁坚持战斗，他们以合法的王位继承人，君主制的实际存在，很少受到质疑。对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首，但有一个短暂的例外。在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”（即所谓的，因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短）由奥利弗克伦威尔，谁想要废除君主制，并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年，成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。
虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中，即使在中世纪，人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。相反，主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大，拥有土地的封建贵族，其他强大的集团的许多战役。 这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王（1199年至1216年的一些帮派）的政策。这种反对如此强烈，国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章，但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。大宪章放在国王的能力，他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。 The Parliament 这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”，即，讨论或交谈。这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会，如果他想筹集资金。传统上，中世纪国王本应继续以自己的财富，他们自己的王室开支。如果需要额外的资源-例如，如果一个国王要发动一场战争，他经常做-他将试图说服大议会，是一种收集领先，富有贵族几次开会一年，让他提供了一些额外的钱。到了13世纪，国王发现，他们不能入不敷出的要钱此相当小，所以他们大议会扩大到包括县，市，镇的代表，让他们协助他的项目。正是在
英国国家概况及英国文化
英国国家概况及英国文化 、教育简介国名： 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)国旗： 呈横长方形，长与宽之比为２∶１。 为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。 此旗产生于１８０１年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 国徽： 即英王徽。 中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征爱尔兰。 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上写着“天有上帝，我有权利”。 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。
国歌： 《上帝保佑女王》杜摯猠癡?桴?畱敥屮（如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为杜摯猠癡?桴步湩屧）国花： 1 / 10 玫瑰花国鸟： 红胸鸽国石： 钻石科学节： １８３１年开始，一年举办一次科学周： １９９４年开始，在每年的３月举办自然地理： ２４．４１万平方公里（包括内陆水域），英格兰地区１３.０４万平方公里，苏格兰７.８８万平方公里，威尔士２.０８万平方公里，北爱尔兰１.４１万平方公里。 位于欧洲西部的岛国。 由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。 隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。 它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。 海岸线总长１１４５０公里。 全境分为四部分： 英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河（３５４公里）和泰晤士河（３４６公里）。
英语国家社会与文化(下)名词解释(中英)
The Resource Management Act 资源管理法案 The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealander’s environmental awareness. Under the Act, laws governing land,air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well. The Act came into force in 1991. With it , New Zealand leads the world in environmental legislation. 资源管理法案反映了新西兰人的环保意识。根据该法案，法律将土地，空气和水资源结合在一起管理，以确保自然资源的可持续管理。它侧重于人类活动对整个环境的影响。该法案于1991生效。有了它，新西兰在环境立法方面领先世界。 Maoritanga 毛利文化 Maoritanga is the Maori word for “ Maori culture. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their languages, customs and traditions. 毛利文化是毛利语中的“毛利文化。它是指在新西兰土著居民丰富的文化遗产中的所有元素，包括他们的语言，习俗和传统。 MMPR 混合成员比例代表制 MMPR stands for Mixed Member Proportional Representation. Under this new election system, each voter has two votes, the first one for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party. The second vote, when counted nation-wide, decides the number of seats each party will take in Parliament. MMPR代表混合成员比例代表制。在这种新的选举制度下，每一个选民都有两张选票，第一张是投给选民的候选人，第二个是投给政党的候选人。当第二次投票在全国范围内举行时，将决定各个党派在议会中所占的席数。 The Ombudsman申述专员 The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament. His responsibilities are to investigate people’s complaints against government departments and local authorities and to make sure that appropriate official information is freely available in accordance to the Official Information Act. There are Chief Ombudsman and specialist ombudsman in various fields. 申诉专员是由议会任命的。他的职责是调查人们对政府部门和地方当局的投诉，并确保根据官方信息法适当的提供免费的官方信息。在各个领域都有首席监察官和专家申诉专员。
英语国家社会与文化入门_上册_翻译
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面 是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的 重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的 维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而 不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能 总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联 合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高 地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中， 但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，也许西安呢！伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力，并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家
英国足球文化
英国足球文化
英国足球文化 体育文化是社会亚文化的一部分,英国足球文化的产生、发展受社会文化的整体制约,同时折射了社会文化的特征 1 引言 英格兰2018年和2022年世界杯申办形象大使贝克汉姆2009年12月3日在接受媒体采访时说:“足球渗透在我们的文化里,存在于我们的DNA之中。从我们降生到这世界上,足球就和我们在一起,永远不分离。” 从贝克汉姆这段话中,我们可以感受到足球与英国文化的紧密关系。这项现代运动起源于英国,在英国成长壮大,并传播到世界各地,成为当今世界第一大运动。体育文化是一种亚文化,与社会文化息息相关。英国足球运动的起源与发展植根于广泛的英国社会背景之中,渗透与折射着英国文化的特点。以往国内对英国足球与英国文化的研究非常少,仅有的一两篇文献或者没有全面论证英国足球与英国文化的密切关系,或者缺乏具体的实例和深入的论述。本研究在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,从以下几个方面阐述英国足球运动反映出的英国文化中的典型特点:绅士文化、民族国家、岛国心态与阶级意识,力求理论依据翔实,论据充分。 2 英国足球折射出的英国文化 2.1 绅士文化 绅士风度是英国民族文化的外在表现,绅士风度是英国社会各阶层在向上流社会看齐过程中,以贵族精神为基础,掺杂了各阶层的某些价值观念融合而成的。绅士的形象植根于中世纪的骑士精神。在中世纪,青年男子(往往出身贵族———
经济上才能支付得起成为骑士要满足的条件)要从小接受严格的训练,经过严格的程序才能成为骑士;骑士在受到召唤时要挺身而出,勇敢地为道义而战,率领、鼓励人们英勇顽强地奋战到底。与骑士精神紧密联系的历史事件是长达200年的十字军东征,英国军队挥舞红底金狮的旗帜以鼓舞士气,英格兰国王理查德一世因其骁勇善战而获得“狮心理查”称号。狮子在西方文化中也成为勇气、忠诚与高贵的象征。 英格兰足协的徽章“ThreeLions(三只狮子)”非常鲜明地体现了英国足球对骑士精神的继承:勇气、力量与自豪。狮子(lion)和狮心(lion2heart)是英国报纸描述足球运动员时常用的词。英国足球风格素以英勇、顽强、充满战斗精神著称。“在赛场上,英国球队运动员各个都如骑士般,体现着正直、英勇、公正、牺牲、荣誉的骑士的一些典型特征。他们跑动积极,拼抢凶猛,长传冲吊,与对手进行正面的‘交锋’,动作干脆粗犷”。欧洲大陆媒体对英国足球打法的评价是运动员勇往直前,讲求速度与拼搏,但不擅长(或不屑于)搞迂回,不讲求计谋。 绅士文化的内涵随着英国社会的发展发生着变化。大批海外殖民地建立以后,大英帝国的缔造者们意识到,仅有勇气和冒险精神不够。“大英帝国越是变成一种统治责任,……统治机构就越是感到需要保持英格兰人的‘纯洁性’。随着国外财富日积月累,国内开始强调道德规范”。维多利亚时代(1837—1901年)被公认为绅士文化发展到顶峰的时代。整个社会崇尚荣誉,讲究风度、外表举止和礼节,恪守公开竞赛、公平竞争的“费厄泼赖(fairplay)”的价值观念。 这些礼节与价值观念反映在当时的足球运动中。英国19世纪的报纸赛事报道上,对足球运动员一概冠以Mr.(先生)的称号。成立于1882年的克林西安俱
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》笔记和课后习题详解(谁是英国人)【圣才出品】
第1章谁是英国人 1.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Who Are the British? 1. The Scots 2. The Irish 3. The English Ⅰ. Who Are the British? (谁是英国人？) 1. The Scots(苏格兰人) (1) Origin: Celts. (2) Scots are proud that the English never conquered them. (3) Language ①Gaelic, old Celtic language of the Scots: it is still heard in the Highlands and the Western Isles and their names beginning with M’, Mac, Mc, which means “son of” in Gaelic; ②English; Character: a. said to be serious, cautious, thrifty; b. in fact they are hospitable, generous, friendly. (1) 起源：凯尔特人。
(2) 苏格兰人自豪的是，英国从来没有征服过他们。 (3) 语言 ①盖尔语，苏格兰的古老的凯尔特语言：在高地和西部群岛地区扔能听到人们讲这些语言，这些地区的人们的名字以M，MAC，MC开头，盖尔语的意思是“儿子”。 ②英语； 特点：a．据说他们严肃认真、谨慎、节俭；b．事实上他们很热情、慷慨、友善。2. The Irish(爱尔兰人) (1) Origin: Scots and English Protestants. (2) Problem: there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants who are dominant group, and the Roman Catholics, who are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities. (3) Language ①Irish or Erse, a form of Gaelic: official first language of the Republic of Ireland; ②English: second. (4) Character: charm, vivacity, beauty girls. (1) 起源：苏格兰和英国新教徒。 (2) 问题：占主导地位的新教徒与正在寻求更多的社会，政治和经济机会的罗马天主教之间有着激烈的战斗。 (3) 语言 ①爱尔兰语，一种盖尔特语：爱尔兰共和国的官方语言； ②英文：居第二重要性。 (4) 特性：女孩有魅力、活泼、美丽。
英语国家社会与文化 课程标准
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
必修3思考题答案
二、追寻生命的起源问题解答 【想一想】古代没有形成真正科学而系统的生物学的原因有哪些？其中主要的原因是什么？ ?原因有：人们对自然的认识有限；生产力发展水平底；神学、宗教、传说对人们思想的束缚；近代科学认识和方法还未出现。其中主要原因是生产力水平低下，人们受宗教神学的影响。 ?【想一想】达尔文写作《物种起源》，给我们的启发有哪些？达尔文在考察中得出的结论和林耐的结论有什么不同？ 启发：要具有敏锐的洞察力和持之以恒的精神。不同：林耐认为生物是神创的，因此物种是不变的。达尔文则认为自然界生物的物种是不断进化的，不断从低级向高级发展。自然界进化的规则是生存竞争，通过自然选择，最适者生存下来。 ?【议一议】有人说，17世纪的牛顿把“造物主（神）”从无生命现象的研究领域驱逐出去了，19世纪的达尔文又把“造物主”从有生命现象的研究领域驱逐出去了。这种说法对吗？结合所学知识谈谈你的理由。 ?提示：对。说明理由时要联系牛顿和达尔文的成就给神学的打击。如进化论给上帝创造万物说以致命一击。它证明了今天的整个有机界——植物、动物，包括人在内，都是延续亿万年的发展过程的产物。 ?【自我测评】达尔文进化论的核心观点是什么？进化论是怎样传入我国的？产生了什么影响？ ?核心观点是：自然界生物的物种是不断进化的，不断从低级向高级发展。自然界进化的规则是生存竞争，通过自然选择，最适者生存下来。 ?1894年，严复翻译《天演论》在《国闻报》的增刊上发表，系统地介绍了进化论。进化论传入中国，震动了中国的思想界，对维新变法运动和新文化运动起了巨大的推动作用。 ?【阅读与思考】上面两段文字反映了什么历史现象？你是怎样看待的？ 反映的是达尔文进化论从出版后到20世纪以来遭到巨大的抵制。 ?从中可以看出：当时宗教习惯的影响很大；科学的发展是艰难而曲折的；要学会分辨真理，相信科学。 ?从时代背景分析，你认为上面两段文字反映的历史现象是否存在差别？为什么？ ?有差别。材料二中所表现的反对和抵制较之材料一要小一些。随着时代发展，科学在进步。 三、人类文明的引擎问题解答 ?【议一议】大机器工厂与手工工场有哪些区别？ 提示：用机器进行生产；实行工厂制管理；使用蒸汽机作动力。 【议一议】蒸汽机的发明给人类社会带来了哪些影响？ 提示：从生产力进步、生产关系变革、国际格局变化和科学文化事业进步等方面分析影响。如经济上：提供了更加便利的动力，迅速推广后，大大推动了机器的普及和发展；人类社会由此进入蒸汽时代。 ?【读一读】天才，不过是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。你对这句话是怎么看的？ 爱迪生发明电灯的艰辛历程正是这句话得到真实写照。它告诉我们，要想取得成就必须依靠勤奋的努力。 ?【想一想】我们生活中的哪些东西是第二次工业革命时发明的？ 发电机、电灯、电话、电车、电影、内燃机、柴油机、电报、塑料、人造纤维、人造染料等等。
英语国家文化概况试题
英语国家文化概况试题 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语国家文化概况试题 I.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 1.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales.(T) 2.. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government support.(T) 3.Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries in defense policy. (F) 4.Britain has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.(F) 5.Conservative party prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.(T) 6.New England was established by English puritans.(T) 7.The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.(T) 8.There are more Catholics than Protestants in the US. (F) 9.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. (F) 10.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. (F) II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of
英语国家的社会文化背景
1.他提出的论据相当不充实。 The argument he put forward is pretty thin. （词） 2.我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.（短语） 3.他七十岁了，可是并不显老。 He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.（句） 4.他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.（词） 5.调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。 The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.（短语） 6.这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。 Such action couldn't long escape notice.（句子） 7.有利必有弊。 There is not any advantage without disadvantage. （双重否定） 8.我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。 In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.（否定转移）
《英语国家社会和文化》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：307052281 2. 课程中文名称：英语国家社会和文化 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries—an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：36 3. 课程学分数：2 4. 授课对象: 商务英语专业高职二年级 5.本课程的性质、地位和作用 本课程是商务英语高职专业的一门语言类专业任选课，主要以英语为媒介系统地向学生介绍和阐述世界主要英语国家的基本概况。本课程的教学能够提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，改善学生的文化修养，使他们的跨文化语言运用的得体性和跨文化语言转换的准确性得到加强，以适应未来所从事的国际商务活动。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让商务英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修养，加深对语言和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除了掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 针对本课程的特点，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些优秀的且能反映英美国家文化的电影，以提高学生的综合语言能力。
英语国家社会与文化入门
Part One True or False 1、Britain is no longer an imperial country.T 2The stereotype of the English gentlemen never applied the majority of the British people. T 3、Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F 4、Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language ，called “Gaelic ”. F 5、Ireland is part of Great Britain. F 6、Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T 7、The divine right of the king(君权神授) means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects .8、As the king in the theory had God in his side ，it was thought that he should exercise absolute power.F F 9、Britain ，like Israel ，has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F 10、In the UK ，a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstance.T 11、There are two(three) national parties in the UK according to the text. F 12、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North(South) Asia and Caribbean countries.13、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world. 14、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies ，especially India ，which gained its independence in 1947. F T T 15、The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T 16、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity ，and Anglo-Saxons produced many versions of Bible.17、William Shakespeare is a great poet and much known of his life.18、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.19、The state seldom interferes with the decision of when ，where ，how and what children are taught.20、When the Second World War ended ，Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe.21、According to the text ，the most important single factor which influences British policy- makers is its history.22、The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy.23、The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. 24、On an average day ，an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. T F T F F T T T T 25、The Advertising Code ensures that advertisements are legal ，decent ，honest and truthful ；have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society ；and respect the principals of fair competition.T 26、The tabloids are smaller format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines. They often called “the gutter press ”.T 27、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. T 28The origin of Browning lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. T
英国社会与文化第一单元自测
一、单选题（共有题目33题） 1. 14. ________ is the Scottish flag. A.The Saint George's cross B.Union Jack C.The Saint Andrew's cross D.The Saint Patrick's cross 你的答案： C 正确 标准答案： C 解答过程： 2. 2. UK has a remarkably ______ climate. A.cold B.hot https://www.360docs.net/doc/e512008753.html,d D.windy 你的答案： C 正确 标准答案： C 解答过程： 3. 9. Which of the following account for the second least among the UK population? A.The Northern Irish B.The Scottish C.The Irish D.The Welsh 你的答案： D 正确 标准答案： D 解答过程： 4. 23. The Port of London is Britain’s most important _______.
A.seaport B.airport C.railway station https://www.360docs.net/doc/e512008753.html,itary base 你的答案： A 正确 标准答案： A 解答过程： 5. 31. Which of the following is the highest sightseeing--- rotating wheel in the world? A.Big Ben B.Tower of London C.London Eye D.Tower Bridge 你的答案： C 正确 标准答案： C 解答过程： 6. 12. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the element of ______ words to English. A.Danish B.Dutch and German C.French and Italian https://www.360docs.net/doc/e512008753.html,tin and Greek 你的答案： D 正确 标准答案： D 解答过程： 7. 6._______ is the most important river in Scotland. A.River Clyde B.Severn River
英语国家社会与文化入门(下册)(简称国概)美国重要单元之一UNIT3——AMERICAN_BEGINNINGS
Text 什么是美国的？这已经成为一个经典的问题不仅是美国访问的外国人，更是美国人常常问自己。当美国人感到困惑，或者当他们在危机时，他们问他们是谁，并试图找出什么是美国人的手段。事实上，这个著名的问题时，首先问一个法国人称为J.海克特圣约翰日克雷弗克谁定居在宾夕法尼亚州的18世纪。在1782年，这个法国农民在伦敦出版了一本书，从美国的农民，他所提出的问题，并回答了自己提出的信：“那么，什么是美国，这个新好男人？他要么是欧洲，或子孙欧洲，因此，随着血液中奇妙的混合在一起，你会发现在没有其他国家。我可以向你指出，一个家庭，其祖父是英国人，他的妻子是一位荷兰人，他的儿子娶了一位法国妇女，其目前有4个儿子现在4个不同国家的妻子。他是美国人，谁在他身后留下他的所有古老的偏见和方式，收到他的生活已经接受，他的新政府遵循的新模式新，而新职，他认为。···在这里个人的所有国家都成为一个男人，他们的劳动力和子孙后代新一轮融化总有一天会导致世界。 美国是一个新好男人，原则的行为后，新的巨大变化，他因此必须招待新的想法，和形式·新意见·这是一个美国人。据克雷弗克，在那些日子里，美国有没有考虑到欧洲人的或其后代混血儿，如美洲印第安人和黑人其他民族。今天，美国情况较为复杂。在美国家庭中，有可能是儿子，儿媳或女儿女婿与欧洲后裔或非裔美国人和亚裔移民尽管这些白人混血与其他黑人或亚洲人的家庭占少数。为了理解这一点，美国，让我们回到美国的过去。 A New Land 美国大陆的人居住，作为两个结果长期持续的移民运动，第一个来自亚洲，欧洲和非洲的第二位。第一乐章开始大概25 000年前，当西伯利亚部落，在新的狩猎区或从追求寻求避难的敌人，在越过白令海峡到达阿拉斯加。到1492年，超过10-20万人，误称为居住克里斯托弗哥伦布在美洲，印第安人。他们发展了自己的原住民文化，从原始的部落那些从简单到复杂不等的阿兹特克人，印加人，玛雅人和灿烂的文明。但他们的技术发展已经落后于欧洲和亚洲。 第二迁移到美洲开始与欧洲在16世纪的现代时期的开始扩张。1492年，哥伦布说服西班牙国王和王后为了资助他的航程。他认为，欧洲的帆船从西，他可以达到远东。他没有成功，而是他降落在巴哈马群岛的一个在加勒比海和“发现”新大陆。根据哥伦布发现，西班牙国王可以要求在美洲地区，后来西班牙征服了新的土地，并建立了一个庞大帝国，抓住了印度人的巨大财富。在1497年，另一家意大利水手，谁是约翰卡博特在英国国王的服务在今天抵达加拿大，和英国国王声称，在整个北美地区属于英国。执行这项索赔，英国人开始建立由17世纪初在北美的永久定居点。 Europe in the 16th and 17th
英美国家社会与文化论文
The British Educational System As far as we know, there are pre-primary schools, primary schools, secondary schools and university or college. Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools. And many of them are private. The emphasis of pre-primary schools is on group work, creative activity and guided play. Two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain: 1. State Schools: 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16), we can know that there is comprehensive school (84%), grammar school (3%) or secondary modern school (7%) from the state primary school. 2. Public schools/Independent schools: there is an only 7% public (independent) school from prep school. What are the main differences between the two? We can find four points. 1. School Funding. In state schools, state funding from central government; supplemented by local finance. And in public schools, funding from tuition fees; endowments or donations from society (esp. alumni to their ammeters). 2. Attendance. There are 93% in state schools, only 7% in the public schools. 3. Teaching Staff and Facilities. Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities. 4. Graduates. Students from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc. Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland. Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants schools have equal to the first schools (for 2 years from 5). Junior schools (for 4 years to 11). There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years. Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job. Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (General