虚拟语气 2 grammar

• He insisted that he was innocent(无辜的 无辜的). 无辜的 “坚持认为”—陈述语气 坚持认为” 陈述语气 坚持认为 • He insisted that they (should) give him money. “坚决要求，硬要”—虚拟语 坚决要求，硬要” 虚拟语 坚决要求 气
• It is (high) time that you went to school.
五：用于定语从句中: 用于定语从句中
在It is (high / about) time that +….should do / did 是该干某事的时候了。 是该干某事的时候了。
(should 不能省 不能省)
用于主语从句中虚拟: 用于主语从句中虚拟: (1)用在 It is suggested / ordered 用在 / required / proposed /demanded /requested /insisted / important /necessary, natural, strange , proper , possible ,impossible, desirable, essential/vital / a pity/ a shame / no wonder + that 从句 中, 从句用 (should) + do:
Compare the sentences. He suggested that she should leave the house at once. “建议”– 虚拟语气 建议” 建议 • His face suggested that he was angry. “表明，暗”示—陈述语气 表明， 表明 陈述语气
• 但adj.部分也可不用虚拟语气 部分也可不用虚拟语气: 部分也可不用虚拟语气
• eg: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. • It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
• 很奇怪，他会这样说。 很奇怪，他会这样说。 • It is strange he should say so. • 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。 • It is suggested that the English party (should) be held on Saturday.
我的建议是她应该回家。 我的建议是她应该回家。 My advice is that she go home. 他的要求是我们给他房子。 他的要求是我们给他房子。 His requirement is that we give him the house.
四：同位语从句中的先行词是 表示说话人的愿望，建议， 表示说话人的愿望，建议，要 命令等的名词。 求，命令等的名词。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should ) keep watch?
• 一.宾语从句中的虚拟
• 表示建议，命令，要求，忠告 表示建议，命令，要求， 等动词后的宾语从句 宾语从句用 等动词后的宾语从句用：
should do 表 虚拟
• 要求：ask ,desire ,request, 要求： demand，require, beg ， • 提议，劝告，建议 ：propose, 提议，劝告， suggest , recommend , advise
• 表真实情况应用陈述语气 eg. It looks as if it is going to rain. It looks as if we’ll be late.
If only I had arrived in time yesterday. If only she had the chance. 2. if only “要是 要是……就好 要是 就好 ”“真希望 但愿” 真希望， 了”“真希望，但愿” 表现在没实现的愿望： 表现在没实现的愿望：did 表过去没实现的愿望： 表过去没实现的愿望：had done
将来
• 表现在或将来的情况：did 表现在或将来的情况： • 表过去的情况：had done 表过去的情况： • 1. The manager would went rather that his wife _____ (go) to the party instead of him.
• ---I have told everyone about the news. • --- Oh, I’ d rather you ______. • A. don’t • C.couldn’t B.hadn’t D.wouldn’t
主语从句中的虚拟: 二. 主语从句中的虚拟:
• It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. • It is natural that a bird (should) rest in a tree. • It is a pity that he (shoud) refuse our invitation.
3. 含蓄条件句表虚拟： 含蓄条件句表虚拟： 一些介词短语或单词后： 一些介词短语或单词后：but for ， without，otherwise， ， ， in that case，with，but ，or， ， ， ， though，once，but that或根 ， ， 或根 据上下文。 据上下文。
你该去看医生。 你该去看医生。 It is time that you should see / saw a doctor.
虚拟语气的其他习惯用法
1.The little boy knows so many things as if he were a man. 2.My brother learns Japanese so hard as if he would go to Japan. 3.It was the first time that they had met, but they talked as though they had been friends for many years.
•Exercises:
• 1.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation. a. made b. make • c. makes d. will make
1.as if , as though (仿佛，似乎 仿佛， 仿佛 似乎) 与现在事实相反： 与现在事实相反：did 与过去事实相反： 与过去事实相反：had done 表将来的可能性不大： 表将来的可能性不大： would/might/could +do 他走的很慢，像个老人似地。 他走的很慢，像个老人似地。 He walks slowly as if he were an old man.
• 决定，命令：decide， order , 决定，命令： ， command • 坚持：insist 坚持：
• 他建议派我去哪里工作。 他建议派我去哪里工作。 • He advised that I (should) be sent to work there. • 英语老师要求我们每天读英语。 英语老师要求我们每天读英语。 • The English requires that we read English every day.
4.错综时间的条件句 4.错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的 时间不同。 时间不同。此时需要按时 间来确定虚拟形式。 间来确定虚拟形式。如：
• If you hadn’t watched that movie last night , you wouldn’t be so sleepy now. • If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital now. • 主从句的谓语动词应根据实际 情况做相应的变化。 情况做相应的变化。
• 名词性从句中的虚拟语 气
• He ordered that the books (should) be sent at once. • They insist that we (should) not eat meat. • We suggested that the English party (should) be held on saturday.
1. If youhad spoken (speak) ________ to him last time you saw him, would you _______know (know) what to do now. were 2. If I ______(be) you, I ______________________ would not have missed (not miss ) the film last night.
• 三. 表语从句中的虚拟： 表语从句中的虚拟： • Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. • Their decision is that the school (should) remain closed.
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1.Without steel ，there _______ would be (be) no industry. 2.But for the storm, I would have arrived (arrive) __________ much earlier. should have picked (pick) 3.I ______________ you up at the airport , but I was too busy this afternoon.
3. I would have attended the meeting , but I have been busy. Without your help , we would not have made such rapid progress. Such mistakes could have been avoided.
虚拟语气（ ） 虚拟语气（2）
• 3.would rather后的宾语从句 后的宾语从句 的虚拟 现在 • I would rather you did it . • I would rather you hadn’t told me the truth. 过去 • I would rather you stayed with me tomorrow.
3) 表语从句中的虚拟 表语从句中的虚拟:
• 在suggestion ,advice, idea , proposal , request, requirement, decision, order, demand +that…… （should） ） 等后面的表语从句中。 do, 等后面的表语从句中。
If it had rained last night, the ground ____ wet now. A.should have been B. will be C. would be
C
If you ___ the teacher yesterday , A you ___ what to do now . A had asked ; would know B asked ; would know C had asked; would have known D should ask ; would know