大学课件：土木工程专业英语第3章 结构工程学
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3 Structural Engineering（结构工程学）
3.1 IntrodBiblioteka Baiduction
Structural engineering is concerned with the application of structural theory, theoretical and applied mechanics, and optimization to the design, analysis, and evaluation of building structures, bridges, cable structures, and plate and shell structures. The science of structural engineering includes the understanding of the physical properties of engineering material, the development of methods of analysis, the study of the relative merits of various types of structures and method of fabrication and construction, and the evaluation of their safety, reliability, economy, and performance. The study of structural engineering includes such typical topics as strength of materials, structural analysis in both classical and computational methods, structural design in both steel and concrete as well as wood and masonry, solid mechanics, and probabilistic methods. The types of structures involved in a typical structural engineering work include bridges, buildings, offshore structures, containment vessels, reactor vessels, and dams. Research in structural engineering can include such topics as highperformance computing, computer graphics, computer-aided analysis and design, stress analysis, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, structural fatigue, structural mechanics, structural models and experimental methods, structural safety and reliability, and structural stability.
The scope of this section is indicated by the outline of the contents. It sets out initially to examine the basic properties and strength of materials and goes on to show how these properties affect the analysis and design process of these structures made of either steel or concrete. The topic of composite steel–concrete structures was selected because it has become popular for tall building, offshore, and large-span construction. The final chapter deals with some of the mathematical techniques by which the safety and reliability issues of these structures so designed may be evaluated and their performance assessed. Recent demands for improvements and upgrades of infrastructure, which includes, among other public facilities, the highway system and bridges, have increased the number of structural engineers employed by highway departments and consulting firms. Graduates with advanced degrees in structural engineering in the areas of experimental works, computing and information technology, computer-aided design and engineering, interactive graphics, and knowledge-based expert systems are in great demand by consulting firms, private industry, government and national laboratories, and educational institutions. The rapid advancement in computer hardware, particularly in the computing and graphics performance of personal computers and workstations, is making future structural engineering more and more oriented toward computer-aided engineering. Increased computational power will also make hitherto unrealized approaches feasible. For example, this will make the rigorous consideration of the life-cycle analysis and performance-based assessment of large structural systems feasible and practical. Advanced analysis and high-performance computing in structural engineering are now subjects of intense research interest. Good progress has been made, but much more remains to be done.
3.1 IntrodBiblioteka Baiduction
Structural engineering is concerned with the application of structural theory, theoretical and applied mechanics, and optimization to the design, analysis, and evaluation of building structures, bridges, cable structures, and plate and shell structures. The science of structural engineering includes the understanding of the physical properties of engineering material, the development of methods of analysis, the study of the relative merits of various types of structures and method of fabrication and construction, and the evaluation of their safety, reliability, economy, and performance. The study of structural engineering includes such typical topics as strength of materials, structural analysis in both classical and computational methods, structural design in both steel and concrete as well as wood and masonry, solid mechanics, and probabilistic methods. The types of structures involved in a typical structural engineering work include bridges, buildings, offshore structures, containment vessels, reactor vessels, and dams. Research in structural engineering can include such topics as highperformance computing, computer graphics, computer-aided analysis and design, stress analysis, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, structural fatigue, structural mechanics, structural models and experimental methods, structural safety and reliability, and structural stability.
The scope of this section is indicated by the outline of the contents. It sets out initially to examine the basic properties and strength of materials and goes on to show how these properties affect the analysis and design process of these structures made of either steel or concrete. The topic of composite steel–concrete structures was selected because it has become popular for tall building, offshore, and large-span construction. The final chapter deals with some of the mathematical techniques by which the safety and reliability issues of these structures so designed may be evaluated and their performance assessed. Recent demands for improvements and upgrades of infrastructure, which includes, among other public facilities, the highway system and bridges, have increased the number of structural engineers employed by highway departments and consulting firms. Graduates with advanced degrees in structural engineering in the areas of experimental works, computing and information technology, computer-aided design and engineering, interactive graphics, and knowledge-based expert systems are in great demand by consulting firms, private industry, government and national laboratories, and educational institutions. The rapid advancement in computer hardware, particularly in the computing and graphics performance of personal computers and workstations, is making future structural engineering more and more oriented toward computer-aided engineering. Increased computational power will also make hitherto unrealized approaches feasible. For example, this will make the rigorous consideration of the life-cycle analysis and performance-based assessment of large structural systems feasible and practical. Advanced analysis and high-performance computing in structural engineering are now subjects of intense research interest. Good progress has been made, but much more remains to be done.