2019版高考英语一轮复习 精细化学通语法 第四讲 形容词、副词讲义.doc

2019版高考英语一轮复习精细化学通语法第四讲形容词、副词讲

义

(一)形容词的构成

1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀

­ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。

2．复合形容词的构成

(二)形容词的功能

1．作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等。

These are valuable suggestions.

这些是宝贵的建议。

2．作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征。

His suggestions are very valuable.

他的建议很有价值。

3．作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征。

I consider his suggestion very valuable.

我认为他的建议很有价值。

4．作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。

He returned home, safe and sound.

他回到了家，安然无恙。

(三)形容词的位置

1．形容词短语作定语，须后置。

This is a book suitable for children.

这是一本适合孩子们的书。

There is a huge room, simple and beautiful.

有一个大房间，简单且漂亮。

2．表语形容词(afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive等)作定语，须后置，如a man alive。有些表示身体健康状况的形容词如well, faint, ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体健康状况，而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思时，通常只作定语。

He’s been ill since then.

从那时以来他一直病着。

By ill luck, my flight had been cancelled.

不幸的是，我的航班被取消了。

3．形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。

I have something important to tell you.

我有重要的事情要告诉你。

4．else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

Who else wants to go there?

还有谁想去那儿？

5．当含有old, long, high, wide, deep等词的数量词短语作定语时，需后置。

At that time she was only a girl five years old.

那时她只是一个五岁的女孩。

6．多个形容词作定语的排列顺序

几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：

限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella

[对点练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was healthy (health)．

②The U．S. Foreign Service Institute points out that it will take a native English speaker 2,200 hours to reach professional (profession) fluency in Chinese.

③Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple violent (violence) action.

④During the interview, you should present your views very clearly, wearing a sincere and confident (confidence) smile.

⑤For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt pleased (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.

(一)副词的构成

1．形容词变副词的后缀

[名师指津lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。

(二)副词的句法功能和位置

副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等。副词还可以作表语、定语和补足语。

1．enough修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。

He is old enough to go to school.

他年龄大了，足可以上学了。

2．几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

我们上周星期天在户外一起玩得很愉快。

3．频度副词如often, always, usually等放在be动词后、行为动词前。

She is always in time for class.

她总是及时来上课。

4．副词作定语，须后置。

The person there is waiting for you.