英国民族和语言

Beginning in the early 1970s,
Ugandan Asians and immigrants from Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Sri Lanka have sought refuge in the UK. Immigration from the South Asia subcontinent(India and Pakistan) stabilized in the 1990s, but immigration from African countries continued to rise.
Immigrants
• since the Norman Conquest: many fits and waves of immigration to Britian from overseas. Following the Jewish moneylenders that entered England with the Normans, Lombard bankers came from Italy.
Resident Population
English language
English is a West Germanic language that was
first spoken in England .It is spoken as a first language by the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand aBaidu Nhomakorabead a number of Caribbean nations.
History
English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian and Old Saxon dialects brought to Britain by Germanic settlers from various parts of what is now northwest Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands.Up to that point, in Roman Britain the native population is assumed to have spoken the Celtic language Brythonic alongside the acrolectal influence of Latin, from the 400-year Roman occupation.
about 700 BC The Celts began to arrive Britain in three main waves • The first wave were the Gaels-came about 600BC. • The second wave were the Brythons-came about 400BC. • The third wave were the Belgae-came about 150BC.
Historically, English originated from the fusion of closely related dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxons) settlers by the 5th century A significant number of English words are constructed based on roots from Latin, because Latin in some form was the lingua franca of the Christian Church and of European intellectual life.The language was further influenced by the Old Norse language due to Viking invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries.
Immigrants
Around 1330, Dutch and Flemish weavers arrived, after that, Gypsies, enslaved blacks and a further wave of Jews. In the 16th and 17th centuries, a large number of refugees from Europe, such as Dutch Protestants and French Huguenots. During the two hundred years after 1700, there was no more large immigration into Britain During the 19th century, with industrialisation going on in Britian, large migratory movements took place at home where people flocked from countryside to urban centres, from Wales, Scotland and Ireland to England.
Significance
Modern English, sometimes described as the first global lingua franca,is the dominant language or in some instances even the required international language of communications, science, information technology, business, seafaring,aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy.Its spread beyond the British Isles began with the growth of the British Empire, and by the late 19th century its reach was truly global.Following British colonisation from the 16th to 19th centuries, it became the dominant language in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
The Census
• Great Britain is heavily populated compared with many other countries. • Britain ranks 18th in the world in terms of population size. • The population is very unequally distributed over the four parts of the UK: England more or less constantly makes up 84% of the total population, Wales around 5%, Scotland roughly 8.5 %, and Northern Ireland (since 1921) less than 3%.
Geographical distribution
Approximately 375 million people speak English as their first language. The countries with the highest populations of native English speakers are, in descending order: the United States (215 million),the United Kingdom (61 million),Canada (18.2 million),Australia (15.5 million),Nigeria (4 million), Ireland (3.8 million),South Africa (3.7 million),and New Zealand (3.6 million) in a 2006 Census.
During the 8th and 9th centuries, a substantial number of Scandinavians (Vikings) , raided and settled in Britain and Ireland ,but were eventually subdued and integrated by the AngloSaxon agricultural and Christian culture. In 1066, French Normans conquered England ,adding yet another ethnic component.
During the 1930s and’40s, as a result of the Great Depression and
World War II, refugees from Nazi-occupied Europe such as Jews and white immigrants from old Commonwealth countries flooded to Britain.
Invasion
early Settlers the first known settlers of Britian were the Iberians in the old Stone Age.then, it was the Beaker Folk in the Bronze Age. about 2000BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now know as Holland and Rhineland.
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Ethnic diversity
· English language
•Ethnic diversity
Ethnic Composition
• UK’s contemporary population is predominantly of English, Welsh, Scottish and Northern Irish stock. Additionally, the British population is composed of immigrant minoritities who have been in Britain over the centuries and have sometimes intermarried with other enthnic groups.
From the late 1940s, people from non-white New Commonwealth
nations of India, Pakistan and the West Indies were incited to Britain to help reconstruct the war-stricken country as manual workers.