grammar 定语从句

【知识链接】

知识点要点回顾

介词+关系代词；关系副词引导的定语从句

定语从句语法练习

【学习重点】

定语从句的用法

【双基过关】

学习内容：

介词+关系代词；关系副词引导的定语从句讲解及相关练习

学习目标：

通过精练熟练掌握定语从句的用法,学会用定语从句来解决相关问题

自学点拨：

复习已学定语从句相关知识，相关内容见 unit 1 的语法部分；参照定语从句语法讲义【要点摘抄】

一．“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

当关系代词用作介词的宾语时，我们使用“介词+which/whom”的结构引导定语从句。

The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.

We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.

在使用此结构时应注意以下几点：

1.介词的选用原则：

⑴根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。

This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.(spend money on sth.为固定搭配) This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.(pay money for sth.为固定搭配)

⑵根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。

I remember the day on which I joined the League.(强调在具体某一天前要用介词on)

I remember the day during which I lived here.(强调在某几天时间内要用介词during)

I remember the month in which I stayed there.(在month前介词要用in)

I don't like the way (that/in which) he spoke to her.(先行词为way时，表示“方式，方法”，后接that或in which 或者省略)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that；关系代词指物只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose.

你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)

The man with that/whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)

我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)

3.介词可以后移，关系代词可以省略。

The person to whom you'll write is Mr. Ball.

= The person(whom/that/who)you'll write is Mr. Ball.

What do you think of the materials(which/that)these clothes were made of?

= What do you think of the materials of which these clothes were made?

4.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of等。

这是我正在找的手表。

This is the watch (which/that)I am looking for.（正）

This is the watch for which I am looking for.(误)

那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

The babies (whom/who/that) the babysitter is looking after are very healthy.(正)

The babies after whom the babysitter is looking are very healthy.(误)

5.“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most ,each,few 等代词或者数词。

He loves his parents deeply,both of whom(=of whom both)are very kind to him.

他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩都对他很好。

In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which(=of which some) have gone bad.

篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。

There are forty students in our class in all,most all whom(=of whom most) are from big cities.

我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories,three of which(of which three) are about country life.

迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活。

二．关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句。

1.当先行词是指地点的词，如：place,house,city,country,world等，在从句中作地点状语，我们用where引导定语从句。

This is not a family where bad behaviour goes unpunished.

2.当先行词是指时间的词，如：time,moment,day,season,year等等，在从句中作时间状语，我们用when引导定语从句。

Listen to me, young man -remember the day when we left you in charge?

3.当先行词是指原因的词reason,在从句中作原因状语，我们用why引导定语从句。

I don't know the reason why the house is so dirty.

注意：⑴关系副词引导的定语从句可以用“介词+关系代词”的结构来替代。

如以上三个例句可以改为：