第一章 文学翻译导论
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Nearing homeland timid I grow, I dare not ask what I would know.
(许渊冲)
I tremble as I draw near home, And dare not ask what news you bring. (Giles)
Stylistic
Wang Peirong
Meet or part, live or die, We’ve made oath, you and I.
Xu Yuanchong
Most true is it that ‘beauty’ is in the eye of the gazer.
Pride and Prejudice
Literary Translation
Michael Zhao Foreign Studies School
Chap 1 Lead-in
Definitions Major Controversies Prosperities Criteria Process
Definitions
Definition of Literature Definition of Art Definition of Translation Definition of Literary Translation
信、达、雅
直译 V.S 意译
鲁迅 V.S 瞿秋白
归化 V.S 异化
鲁迅 V.S 瞿秋白、傅雷、钱钟书
李全安
屠岸
古别离
孟郊
欲别牵郎衣, 郎今到何处? 不恨归来迟, 莫向临邛去。
You wish to go, and yet your robe I hold,
Where are you going—tell me, dear—today?
许渊冲
文学翻译,尤其是诗词翻译,需要意 美、音美、形美,所以是综合性的艺术。 文学翻译与创作无异,好的翻译等于 创作,甚至超过创作。
“美化之艺术,创优似竞赛”
心
清
也
以可
translation of it
Real nice refreshing cuppa tea Nice refreshing cuppa tea real Refreshing cuppa tea real nice Cuppa tea real nice refreshing Tea real nice refreshing cuppa
Imitation V.S Creation Skill V.S Art
Imitation V.S Creation
文学翻译是艺术的一种,是艺术的再创造, 它比一般的翻译有更高的要求。
“从心所欲,不逾矩”是一切艺术的成熟境 界,也是文学翻译的成熟境界。
语言学派译论只谈“不逾矩”,却不谈“从 心 所欲”,这就抹杀了文学翻译的创造性。
郭沫若
一杯伏特卡酒不能换成一杯白开水, 总要还他一杯汾酒或茅台,才算尽了责。
翻译文学作品,尤其需要注意第三个 条件(指信、达、雅中的“雅”,自注),因为译 文同样应该是一件艺术品。
钱钟书
文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作 品
从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因 语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹, 又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算入于
True art
the translation must truly reproduce the original image of the real life and situation of the author in an artistic way.
True art
近乡情更怯,不敢问来人。
Prosperities
Literary Translation and Translated Literature
Translated Literature and Literary System
Literary Translation and Translated Literature
文学翻译的最高目标是成为翻译文 学,也就是说,翻译作品本身要是文学作 品。
Art is more than negative reflection of reality. Artists always reflect, explain and judge the life in accordance with their own world view.
True
True details
the details of life image in translation are the same things as that of the original.
True society
the specific history and basic characteristics revealed in translation must be the same as that of the original.
Characterisቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱics of Literary Translation
Ideological (思想性)
True
(真实性)
Stylistic (风格性)
National (民族性)
Historical (历史性)
Ideological
Literary translation is an art,as well as a form to understand and reflect the reality through artistic image.
National
It firstly lies in a nation's common psychology. Chinese do not like expose their felling, so they often use implicit in literature especially poems.
Skill V.S Art
文学是文字的艺术,文学翻译同样应该是语 言的艺术。
理想的翻译家应当将其工作做成为一种艺 术,以爱艺术之心爱它,以对艺术谨慎不苟之心 对它(林语堂)
文学翻译是化原文为译文的艺术,是化原 文之美为译文之美的艺术(许渊冲)
林语堂、傅雷、钱钟书、许渊冲、 朱光潜、叶君健、杨武能等
高等译手是“月上柳梢头,人约黄昏后”,跟 原文平起平坐,谈情说爱,毫无顾忌。
改梵为秦,失其藻蔚,虽得大意,殊隔文体。有似嚼 饭与人,非徒失味,乃令呕啐也。(鸠摩罗什)---我这叫中西结合—英语看起来想个窈窕淑女,汉语看 起来是个端正秀才---男女搭配,看起来不累。
翻译作品好像媒人,他们给你带来某个轻纱半掩的美 人的称赞,从而引起你很想一见其人的本来面目的欲 望。(歌德)
Historical
The historical psychology of both the writer and the hero
The historical characteristics of social image
Historical forms of work
Major Controversies
It is the artistic characteristics and creative personality the writers and artists had shown in their works.
Writer's style shows the spirit, social and aesthetic values, as well as the creative personality of the writer.
Beautiful in sense, in sound and in form
Generalization, equalization and particularization
Comprehension, appreciation and admiration
三美(意美、音美、形美) 三化(等化、浅化、深化) 三之(知之、好之、乐之)
Definition of Literature
文学是人学 文学是情学
广义的文学 狭义的文学
Definition of Art
绘画、音乐、戏剧是不同形式的艺术
绘画要有悦目的形美 音乐要有悦耳的音美 戏剧要有感人的意美
Definition of Translation
下等译匠是“人在矮檐下,不得不低头”,给 原文压得扁扁的,只好忍气吞声;
翻译像绘画的艺术,只有知道要画什么之后,画家才 会动手去画。他不会随便的画一丛灌木,而后再画一 棵树,接着再画一块石头,而是头脑里首先有了整幅 画的轮廓,心领神会,然后才着手去画。(托尔曼)
翻译,说到底,就是语篇的翻译,如同创作一样,选 词,炼句,构段,谋篇,环环相扣。
Definition of Literary Translation
三美(意美、音美、形美)本体论
三化(等化、浅化、深化)方法论
三之(知之、好之、乐之)目的论
艺术
认识论
“三之论”
鸿渐道:“我忘掉问你,你信上叫我‘同情兄’,那 是什么意思?” 辛楣笑道:“这是董斜川想出来的,他说, 同跟一个先生念书的叫‘同师兄弟’, 同在一个学校的叫 ‘同学’,同有一个情人的该叫‘同情’。”
Your late returning does not anger me,
But that another steals your heart away.
W.J.B. Fletcher
死生契阔,与子成说。
--《诗经·击鼓》 My wife’s my life’s companion We are bound in marital union.
“化 境”。
曹靖华
文学翻译在某种意义上是文艺的再创 造。
刘重德
Literary translation is to reproduce the original artistic images in another language so that the reader of the translation may be inspired, moved and aesthetically entertained in the same way as one reads the original. (Liu Zhongde, 1991: 104)
茅 盾 郭沫若 钱钟书 曹靖华 刘重德 许渊冲
Classification of Translation
翻译
狭义
文学翻译
文字翻译
广义 非文学翻译
散文小说戏剧翻译 诗歌翻译 文学评论翻译
狭义文学翻译 节译 编译
口头翻译
达旨
茅盾
文学的翻译是用另一种语言,把原 作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文 时能够像读原作一样得到启发、感动和美 的感受。
“情人眼里出西施”,这话真是千真万确。
--胡建华译
“情人眼里出美人”,说的千真万确。
--黄源深译
As I rose and dressed, I thought over what had happened, and wondered if it were a dream.
Pride and Prejudice
Translated Literature and Literary System
Poly–system Theory Creative Betrayal
Criteria
信、达、雅 直译 V.S 意译 归化 V.S 异化 美化之艺术,创优之竞赛
林语堂 刘重德 沈苏儒 辜正坤
我起床穿衣服时,把所发生的一切回想了一遍,
怀疑这是不是南柯一梦。
--胡建华译
我穿衣起身,把发生的事想了一遍,怀疑这是不
是一场梦。
--黄源深译
美化之艺术,创优之竞赛
Art of Beautifulization
Creation of the best as in rivalry
美化之艺术
美(鲁迅的“三美”论) 化(钱钟书的“化境”说) 之(孔子的“知之、好之、乐之”说) 艺术(朱光潜的“艺术”论)
(许渊冲)
I tremble as I draw near home, And dare not ask what news you bring. (Giles)
Stylistic
Wang Peirong
Meet or part, live or die, We’ve made oath, you and I.
Xu Yuanchong
Most true is it that ‘beauty’ is in the eye of the gazer.
Pride and Prejudice
Literary Translation
Michael Zhao Foreign Studies School
Chap 1 Lead-in
Definitions Major Controversies Prosperities Criteria Process
Definitions
Definition of Literature Definition of Art Definition of Translation Definition of Literary Translation
信、达、雅
直译 V.S 意译
鲁迅 V.S 瞿秋白
归化 V.S 异化
鲁迅 V.S 瞿秋白、傅雷、钱钟书
李全安
屠岸
古别离
孟郊
欲别牵郎衣, 郎今到何处? 不恨归来迟, 莫向临邛去。
You wish to go, and yet your robe I hold,
Where are you going—tell me, dear—today?
许渊冲
文学翻译,尤其是诗词翻译,需要意 美、音美、形美,所以是综合性的艺术。 文学翻译与创作无异,好的翻译等于 创作,甚至超过创作。
“美化之艺术,创优似竞赛”
心
清
也
以可
translation of it
Real nice refreshing cuppa tea Nice refreshing cuppa tea real Refreshing cuppa tea real nice Cuppa tea real nice refreshing Tea real nice refreshing cuppa
Imitation V.S Creation Skill V.S Art
Imitation V.S Creation
文学翻译是艺术的一种,是艺术的再创造, 它比一般的翻译有更高的要求。
“从心所欲,不逾矩”是一切艺术的成熟境 界,也是文学翻译的成熟境界。
语言学派译论只谈“不逾矩”,却不谈“从 心 所欲”,这就抹杀了文学翻译的创造性。
郭沫若
一杯伏特卡酒不能换成一杯白开水, 总要还他一杯汾酒或茅台,才算尽了责。
翻译文学作品,尤其需要注意第三个 条件(指信、达、雅中的“雅”,自注),因为译 文同样应该是一件艺术品。
钱钟书
文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作 品
从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因 语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹, 又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算入于
True art
the translation must truly reproduce the original image of the real life and situation of the author in an artistic way.
True art
近乡情更怯,不敢问来人。
Prosperities
Literary Translation and Translated Literature
Translated Literature and Literary System
Literary Translation and Translated Literature
文学翻译的最高目标是成为翻译文 学,也就是说,翻译作品本身要是文学作 品。
Art is more than negative reflection of reality. Artists always reflect, explain and judge the life in accordance with their own world view.
True
True details
the details of life image in translation are the same things as that of the original.
True society
the specific history and basic characteristics revealed in translation must be the same as that of the original.
Characterisቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱics of Literary Translation
Ideological (思想性)
True
(真实性)
Stylistic (风格性)
National (民族性)
Historical (历史性)
Ideological
Literary translation is an art,as well as a form to understand and reflect the reality through artistic image.
National
It firstly lies in a nation's common psychology. Chinese do not like expose their felling, so they often use implicit in literature especially poems.
Skill V.S Art
文学是文字的艺术,文学翻译同样应该是语 言的艺术。
理想的翻译家应当将其工作做成为一种艺 术,以爱艺术之心爱它,以对艺术谨慎不苟之心 对它(林语堂)
文学翻译是化原文为译文的艺术,是化原 文之美为译文之美的艺术(许渊冲)
林语堂、傅雷、钱钟书、许渊冲、 朱光潜、叶君健、杨武能等
高等译手是“月上柳梢头,人约黄昏后”,跟 原文平起平坐,谈情说爱,毫无顾忌。
改梵为秦,失其藻蔚,虽得大意,殊隔文体。有似嚼 饭与人,非徒失味,乃令呕啐也。(鸠摩罗什)---我这叫中西结合—英语看起来想个窈窕淑女,汉语看 起来是个端正秀才---男女搭配,看起来不累。
翻译作品好像媒人,他们给你带来某个轻纱半掩的美 人的称赞,从而引起你很想一见其人的本来面目的欲 望。(歌德)
Historical
The historical psychology of both the writer and the hero
The historical characteristics of social image
Historical forms of work
Major Controversies
It is the artistic characteristics and creative personality the writers and artists had shown in their works.
Writer's style shows the spirit, social and aesthetic values, as well as the creative personality of the writer.
Beautiful in sense, in sound and in form
Generalization, equalization and particularization
Comprehension, appreciation and admiration
三美(意美、音美、形美) 三化(等化、浅化、深化) 三之(知之、好之、乐之)
Definition of Literature
文学是人学 文学是情学
广义的文学 狭义的文学
Definition of Art
绘画、音乐、戏剧是不同形式的艺术
绘画要有悦目的形美 音乐要有悦耳的音美 戏剧要有感人的意美
Definition of Translation
下等译匠是“人在矮檐下,不得不低头”,给 原文压得扁扁的,只好忍气吞声;
翻译像绘画的艺术,只有知道要画什么之后,画家才 会动手去画。他不会随便的画一丛灌木,而后再画一 棵树,接着再画一块石头,而是头脑里首先有了整幅 画的轮廓,心领神会,然后才着手去画。(托尔曼)
翻译,说到底,就是语篇的翻译,如同创作一样,选 词,炼句,构段,谋篇,环环相扣。
Definition of Literary Translation
三美(意美、音美、形美)本体论
三化(等化、浅化、深化)方法论
三之(知之、好之、乐之)目的论
艺术
认识论
“三之论”
鸿渐道:“我忘掉问你,你信上叫我‘同情兄’,那 是什么意思?” 辛楣笑道:“这是董斜川想出来的,他说, 同跟一个先生念书的叫‘同师兄弟’, 同在一个学校的叫 ‘同学’,同有一个情人的该叫‘同情’。”
Your late returning does not anger me,
But that another steals your heart away.
W.J.B. Fletcher
死生契阔,与子成说。
--《诗经·击鼓》 My wife’s my life’s companion We are bound in marital union.
“化 境”。
曹靖华
文学翻译在某种意义上是文艺的再创 造。
刘重德
Literary translation is to reproduce the original artistic images in another language so that the reader of the translation may be inspired, moved and aesthetically entertained in the same way as one reads the original. (Liu Zhongde, 1991: 104)
茅 盾 郭沫若 钱钟书 曹靖华 刘重德 许渊冲
Classification of Translation
翻译
狭义
文学翻译
文字翻译
广义 非文学翻译
散文小说戏剧翻译 诗歌翻译 文学评论翻译
狭义文学翻译 节译 编译
口头翻译
达旨
茅盾
文学的翻译是用另一种语言,把原 作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文 时能够像读原作一样得到启发、感动和美 的感受。
“情人眼里出西施”,这话真是千真万确。
--胡建华译
“情人眼里出美人”,说的千真万确。
--黄源深译
As I rose and dressed, I thought over what had happened, and wondered if it were a dream.
Pride and Prejudice
Translated Literature and Literary System
Poly–system Theory Creative Betrayal
Criteria
信、达、雅 直译 V.S 意译 归化 V.S 异化 美化之艺术,创优之竞赛
林语堂 刘重德 沈苏儒 辜正坤
我起床穿衣服时,把所发生的一切回想了一遍,
怀疑这是不是南柯一梦。
--胡建华译
我穿衣起身,把发生的事想了一遍,怀疑这是不
是一场梦。
--黄源深译
美化之艺术,创优之竞赛
Art of Beautifulization
Creation of the best as in rivalry
美化之艺术
美(鲁迅的“三美”论) 化(钱钟书的“化境”说) 之(孔子的“知之、好之、乐之”说) 艺术(朱光潜的“艺术”论)