中医翻译
中医术语翻译-精品资料
epidemic pathogen
七情
seven emotions
内伤
internal damage
饮食不节
dietary irregularities
劳逸失度
excessive activity
外因
External cause
内因
Internal cause
不内外因
cause neither internal nor external
外邪
external pathogen
时邪
seasonal pathogen
合邪
combined pathogen
肝阳化风
Liver yang transforming into wind
热极生风
Extreme heat engendering wind
阴虚内热
yin deficiency with internal heat
阴阳失调
yin-yang disharmony
阴阳两虚
dual deficiency of yin and yang
阴虚内热
yin deficiency with internal heat
阴虚阳亢
yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity
阴盛格阳
exuberant yin repelling yang
土爰稼穑
Earth sowing and reaping
金曰从革
Metal clearing and changing
水曰润下
Water moistening and descending
气虚
Qi deficiency
中医的专业术语英文翻译
中医的专业术语英文翻译大家在写中医论文时候常常遇到一些不容易翻译的词汇,yjbys 网整理了中医的专业术语英文翻译,方便大家写作。
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中国医药学:traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验:clinical experience辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation本草:materia medica //medicinal herbs中药Chinese herbs四气五味:four properties and five tastes针灸acupuncture and moxibustion各家学说theories of different schools汗法: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapy下法:purgative therapy吐法:emetic therapy补土派:school of invigorating the earth病因学说:theory of etiology养生:health-cultivation医疗实践medical practice治疗原则:therapeutic principles寒凉药物:herbs of cold and cool nature滋阴降火:nourishing yin to lower fire瘀血致病:disease caused by blood stasis先天之精:congenital essence气的运动变化:movement and changes of qi。
如何正确解释中医
体现在英文的翻译中,由于中医来源于传统经验,故一般多译为:Traditional Chinese Medicine(简称TCM),应当没有问题。
现有人主张将”中医“一词翻译为:Chinese Medicine,可能认为现代中医广泛吸收了现代医学的一些理论,特别是在中医教学、临床、科研等方面强调中西医并重,去掉“传统”(Traditional)变得理所当然。其实不然,尽管在教学、科研、临床等方面中医学科是发生了很大的变化,但总的来说,中医之概念并没有改变,理论也没有与现代医学合而为一,中医还是中医。
翻译得太复杂,不利于中医走向世界 对于专家的说法,上海中医药大学主攻医学英语的副教授专家提出了不同见解。“翻译只是一个符号,关键要让别人明白其内涵,翻译中医术语,翻译公司最重要的是遵循‘等效翻译’原则,且翻译的人一定要精通中医。”
他举了个例子,中医有个术语“齿痕舌”,中国人认为是牙齿打印(teeth-printedtongue),而国外则认为是扇贝舌(scallopedtongue),“虽然显示的语言符号不一致,但指的都是舌头的一种形状,也就是体虚的表现。尽管翻译不同,但只要指的是同一个概念,双方就可以交流。”
中医也不是“中国的医学”(Chinese Medicine),它产生于中国,属于全人类,因此如果将中医理解或翻译为“中国的医学”,太过牵强。反过来,现代中国医学包括中医和现代医学,如果将这二个方面的医学体系合称为“中国的医学”,好象也没有什么依据。
所以说,“传统中国医学”(Traditional Chinese Medicine)最能表达“中医”的含义。
中医:(1)traditional Chinese medicine; (2)traditional Chinese physician
中医药名词英文翻译01(学科相关词汇)
中医药名词英⽂翻译01(学科相关词汇)01.001中医(1)traditional Chinesemedicine;(2)traditionalChinese physician (1)起源与形成于中国的具有整体观念、辨证论治等特点的医学;(2)本学科专业职业队伍。
01.002中药Chinese materia medica在中医理论指导下应⽤的药物。
包括中药材、中药饮⽚和中成药等。
01.003中医学traditional Chinesemedicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体,研究⼈类⽣命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。
01.004中药学Chinese materia medica中药学科的统称。
研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮⽚、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应⽤等知识的学科。
01.005中医药traditional Chinesemedicine and pharmacy中医与中药的合称。
01.006中医药学traditional Chinesemedicine and pharmacy 中医学与中药学的合称,侧重反映中医与中药两者共同发展,密不可分。
01.007中西医结合integration oftraditional and westernmedicine 以现代医学等现代科学知识及⼿段来继承和发展中医药,中西医学相互补充,取长补短,诊治疾病的医学形式。
01.008中医基础理论basic theory oftraditional Chinesemedicine 研究和阐明中医学的基本概念、基本理论、基本规律、基本原则的学科。
01.009中医诊断学diagnostics oftraditional Chinesemedicine 根据中医学的理论体系,研究诊察病情、判断病种、辨别证候的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能的学科。
01.010⽅剂学prescriptions of Chinesemateria medica研究治法与⽅剂配伍规律及其临床运⽤的学科。
中医英语翻译
五脏five zang-organs条达舒畅free development相生相克六腑six fu-organsmutual generation and traditional Chinese中国医药学:restrictionsystem of meridians and经络系统生我我生to be generated and to collaterals generate medicine克我我克to be restricted 形神统一 unity of the body and spirit and to restrict生中有制organic wholenessrestriction within generation 有机整体:basic theory of 中医基础理论克中有生generation within restriction 表里关系exterior and interior relationtraditional Chinese medicine 木曰曲直opening intoWood is characterized by 开窍:clinical experience 临床经验growing freely and peripherally 生长化收藏five element function:treatment based on syndrome 辨证论治火曰炎上脉象pulse conditionsFire is characterized bydifferentiationflaming upstates of pathogenic 正邪关系the :materia medica //medicinal herbs本草土曰稼穑Earth is characterized by factors and healthy qi Chinese herbs中药cultivation and reaping自然现象natural phenomena:four properties and five 四气五味金曰从革哲学概念philosophical concept Metal is characterized bytasteschange对立统一unity and oppositesacupuncture and moxibustion 针灸水曰润下Water is characterized by 相互消长mutual waning and waxingtheories of different schools 各家学说moistening and downward flowing nature of yin and yang 阴阳属性: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapy 汗法方位配五行correspondence of the 相互转化mutual transformation:purgative therapy 下法directions to the five elements interrelation 相互联系:emetic therapy吐法相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse 相互制约mutual restraintearth invigorating :school 补土派of the restriction动态平衡dynamic balance:theory of etiology 病因学说土乘木The wood over-restrains the 阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium:health-cultivation 养生earthyang waning and yin waxing 阳消阴长medical practice 医疗实践土虚木乘 Earth deficiency leading to 阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading :therapeutic principles 治疗原则over-restriction by woodto disorder of yang:herbs of cold and cool nature 寒凉药物金虚木侮metal deficiency leading to 阳胜则热 predominance of yang:nourishing yin to lower fire 滋阴降火counter-restriction by wood generating heatstasis :disease 瘀血致病caused blood by 生克制化 extreme cold generating heat 寒极生热interrelationship between:congenital essence先天之精generation and restriction 热极生寒extreme heat generating coldqi 气的运动变化of changes :movement and 制则生化相反相成restriction ensuring opposite and supplementary toand 形与神俱body the :inseparability of generationeach otherspirit传变physiological functions transmission of disease 生理功能 spirit/mental activity:神明母病及子disease of the mother-organ 病理变化pathological changes:zang-organs and fu-organs/viscera 脏腑affecting the child-organ临床诊断clinical diagnosis:functional activities 功能活动子病犯母organic wholeness/entirety 有机整体disease of the child-organ:unity of the body and spirit 形神统一affecting the mother-organbetween 正邪斗争struggle healthy qi and:imbalance of yin and yang 阴阳失调肝肾精血不足insufficiency of kidney pathogenic factorsand:struggle between healthy qi 正邪相争liver essence and blood绝对偏盛absolute predominanceand pathogenic factors 肝阳上亢deficiency yang 阳虚则寒hyperactivity of liver yang cold leading toprevention of disease 治未病藏象学说consumption of yang involving 阳损及阴 theory of visceralto cultivate health 调养manifestationsyinhealthy qi 正气五脏六腑insufficiency of yin-fluid 阴液不足 five zang-organs and sixpathogenic factor病邪fu-organs病机pathogenesisprevention and treatment of 疾病的防治奇恒之府五行学说theory of five elements extraordinary fu-organsdiseasecereal nutrients水谷精微motion and variation运动变化 concept of holism整体观念.传化水谷 transmissions and 潜阳息风suppressing yang to quench wind and pathology of the human body as wellas the diagnosis, prevention and interdependence of yin transformation of food 阴阳的互根互用treatment of disease.storage of essence and yang贮藏精气4. interior and exterior interdependence黄帝内经总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成相互依存表里关系就和治疗经验,确立了中医学独特的理论体relationship阴阳离决separation of yin and yang系,成为中医药学发展的基础。
中医术语翻译汇总
中医学Traditional Chinese medicine方剂学Formula study中医基础理论Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine天人相应Correspondence between nature and human天人合一Harmony between man and nature表邪入里exterior pathogen entering the interior;肝气犯胃liver qi invading stomach祛风除湿dispelling wind and eliminating dampness;消肿止痛dispersing swelling and relieving pain阴阳学说yin-yang theory阴阳交感interaction of yin and yang阴阳对立opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin-yang阴阳消长waxing and waning of yin and yang五行学说five phase theory(五行相)生(mutual)engendering (of five phases(五行相)克Restraining of five phases(五行相)乘Overwhelming of five phases(五行相)侮rebellion of five phases亢害承制harmful hyperactivity checked for harmony木曰曲直Wood bending and straightening火曰炎上Fire flaring up土爰稼穑Earth sowing and reaping金曰从革Metal clearing and changing水曰润下Water moistening and descending气虚Qi deficiency气机失调Qi movement disorder气机郁滞qi movement stagnation气滞Qi stagnation气陷Qi fall/sinking气逆Qi counterflow气闭Qi block气脱Qi collapse十二正经Twelve (main/principal) meridians十二经别Twelve divergent meridians/meridiandivergences十二经筋Twelve meridian sinews十二皮部Twelve cutaneous regions奇经八脉Eight extra meridians十五络脉Fifteen collateral vessels孙络tertiary collaterals浮络Superficial collaterals阳明Yang brightness太阳Greater yang少阳Lesser yang太阴Greater yin少阴Lesser yin厥阴Reverting yin督脉Governor vessel任脉Conception vessel冲脉Thoroughfare vessel带脉Belt vessel阴跷脉Yin heel vessel阳跷脉Yang heel vessel阴维脉Yin link vessel阳维Yang link vessel病因Cause of disease病机Mechanism of disease疾病Disease外感external contraction六淫six excesses疠气epidemic pathogen七情seven emotions内伤internal damage饮食不节dietary irregularities劳逸失度excessive activity外因External cause内因Internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external 外邪external pathogen时邪seasonal pathogen合邪combined pathogen肝阳化风Liver yang transforming into wind 热极生风Extreme heat engendering wind阴虚内热yin deficiency with internal heat阴虚火旺Yin deficiency with effulgent fire五志(气)化火five elements transforming into fire 虚中夹实deficiency with excess complication表虚里实exterior deficiency and interior excess上虚下实upper deficiency and lower excess阴阳偏盛abnormal exuberance阴阳偏衰abnormal debilitation阴阳互损mutual detriment阴阳转化conversion阴阳格拒repulsion亡阴yin collapse亡阳yang collapse阴阳失调yin-yang disharmony阴阳两虚dual deficiency of yin and yang阴虚内热yin deficiency with internal heat阴虚阳亢yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity阴盛格阳exuberant yin repelling yang阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin阴虚湿热yin deficiency and dampness-heat阴虚血瘀yin deficiency and blood stasis阳虚寒凝yang deficiency with congealing cold阳虚水泛yang deficiency with water flood清阳不升clear yang failing to ascend阳竭阴脱yin exhaustion and yang collapse半表半里half-exterior half-interior表寒Exterior cold表热Exterior heat表虚exterior deficiency表实exterior excess风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风热犯表wind-heat invading the exterior暑湿袭表summer-heat dampness assailing the exterior 卫表不固defense-exterior insecurity表里俱寒dual exterior and interior cold表寒里热exterior cold and interior heat寒包火Cold enveloping fire寒热错杂cold-heat complex上热下寒upper heat and lower cold真寒假热true cold with false heat热极生风extreme heat engendering wind虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex真实假虚true excess with false deficiency外燥external dryness温燥warm dryness实火excess fire食积food accumulation虚火上炎deficiency fire flaming upward痰气互结binding of phlegm and qi痰热内闭internal block of phlegm-heat血瘀水停blood stasis with water retention寒湿内阻internal obstruction of cold-dampness寒凝血瘀congealing cold with blood stasis湿热下注dampness-heat pouring downward火毒内陷inward invasion of fire toxin气机失调disordered qi movement气机不利inhibited qi movement气机郁滞stagnant qi movement气郁化火depressed qi transforming into fire寒凝气滞congealing cold with qi stagnation中气下陷sunken middle qi气虚发热qi deficiency fever气虚湿阻qi deficiency with dampness obstruction气虚外感qi deficiency with external contraction气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气虚血瘀qi deficiency with blood stasis气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis津液亏虚fluid-humor deficiency气滞水停qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 心气虚heart qi deficiency心火上炎heart fire flaming upward热扰心神heat harassing the heart spirit心移热小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 痰火扰心phlegm-fire harassing the heart水气凌心water qi intimidating the heart风寒袭肺wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束肺wind-cold fettering the lung肺热炽盛intense lung heat pattern/syndrome痰热闭肺phlegm- heat obstructing the lung痰浊阻肺phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung暑伤肺络summerheat damaging the lung vessel脾失健运spleen failing in transportation脾阳亏虚/不足spleen yang deficiency脾不统血spleen failing to control the blood脾虚湿困spleen deficiency with dampnessencumbrance/accumulation脾胃不和spleen-stomach disharmony肠热腑实intestinal heat and bowel excess大肠湿热large intestinal dampness-heat肝郁气滞liver depression and qi stagnation肝火上炎liver fire flaming upward肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang肝经湿热dampness-heat in the liver meridian肾不纳气kidney failing to receive qi太阳病greater yang disease太阳经证greater yang meridian pattern太阳伤寒证greater yang cold damage pattern太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern阳明病yang brightness disease阳明经证yang brightness meridian pattern阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern阳明腑实证Yang brightness bowel excess pattern阳明病yang brightness disease阳明经证yang brightness meridian pattern阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern阳明腑实证Yang brightness bowel excess pattern少阴寒化lesser yin cold transformation少阴热化lesser yin heat transformation太阳蓄血greater yang blood amassment热入血室heat entering blood chamber卫气同病both defense-qi aspects disease气营两燔dual blaze of qi nutrient aspects热入营血heat entering nutrient-blood aspects热闭心包Heat blocking the pericardium邪伏膜原pathogen hidden in the pleurodiaphragmaticinterspace湿热瘀阻气机dampness-heat obstructing qi movement湿重于热dampness predominating over heat湿热浸淫spreading dampness heat痰Phlegm湿Dampness饮fluid retention精气Essential qi元气source qi宗气ancestral qi营气nutrient qi卫气defense qi肝liver心heart脾spleen肺lung肾kidney望诊Inspection闻listening&smelling问inquiry切palpation解表release the exterior解肌release the flesh透表outthrust through the exterior祛风dispel wind疏风disperse wind散寒dissipate cold宣肺Diffuse the lung润燥moisten dryness清热clear heat泻火purge fire泄热discharge heat降火downbear fire发汗解表promote sweating to release the exterior辛温解表release the exterior with pungent-warm辛凉解表release the exterior with pungent-cool解肌祛风Release the flesh and dispel wind清热生津clear heat and engender fluid清热利湿clear heat and drain dampness清气凉营clear the qi aspect and cool the nutrient aspect 透营转气expel from the nutrient aspect through the qiaspect清热生津clear heat and engender fluid清热利湿clear heat and drain dampness清气凉营clear the qi aspect and cool the nutrient aspect 透营转气expel from the nutrient aspect through the qiaspect寒下Cold purgation温下Warm purgation峻下Drastic purgation轻下Mild purgation缓下Laxation润下Lubricant laxation润肠通便moisten the intestines and relax the bowels泻下软坚soften hardness with purgation泻下攻积remove accumulation with purgation泻下逐水expel water by purgation泻下逐饮expel retained fluid by purgation温下寒积remove cold accumulation with warm purgation 增液润肠increase humor to relax bowels调和气血harmonize qi and blood调和营卫harmonize the nutrient and defense理气regulate qi行气move qi调和脾胃harmonize the spleen and stomach调和肝脾harmonize the liver and spleen和解表里harmonize and release the exterior and interior 和解少阳harmonize and release the lesser yang心肾不交证heart-kidney noninteraction pattern交通心肾coordinate the heart and kidney邪伏膜原pathogen hidden in the pleurodiaphragmaticinterspace开达膜原open onto the pleurodiaphragmatic interspace 清热除湿clear heat and eliminate dampness散寒祛湿dissipate cold and dispel dampness清热化湿clear heat and resolve dampness芳香化湿resolve dampness with aroma苦温燥湿dry dampness with bitter-warm淡渗利湿drain dampness with bland利水消肿induce diuresis to alleviate edema清热化痰Clear heat and resolve phlegm降逆止咳平喘Downbear counterflow / to suppress cough andto calm panting清肺clear润肺moisten敛肺constrain泻肺purge温里散寒warm the interior to dissipate cold温中和胃warm the middle and harmonize the stomach 温阳行水warm yang to move water温经止痛warm the meridian to relieve pain行气止痛move qi to relieve pain疏肝理气soothe the liver and regulate qi降逆止呕Direct qi downward to relieve vomitting凉血cool the blood止血stop bleeding活血activate blood散瘀dissipate stasis化瘀resolve stasis破瘀expel stasis通经unblock the meridian活络activate collaterals通络free the collateral vessels补益气血tonify qi and replenish blood健脾开胃fortify the spleen and invigorate the stomach 补肾益气tonify the kidney and replenish qi滋阴补阳enrich yin and tonify yang针灸Acupuncture & Moxibustion毫针filiform needle提插捻转法lifting-thrusting&twirling method中药Chinese Medicinal草药Herbs/herbal drug本草materia medica药材medicinal material药味flavor of medicinals药性Nature/properties of medicinals四气五味Four Qi and five flavors升降浮沉upbearing Downbearing floating sinking归经meridian entry道地药材authentic medicinal炮制Herbal Processing中药炮制processing of medicinals相須mutual reinforcement相使mutual assistance相畏mutual restraint相殺mutual suppression相惡mutual inhibition相反antagonism解表药exterior-releasing medicinal发散风寒药wind-cold-dispersing medicinal辛温解表药pungent-warm exterior-releasing medicinal清热药Heat-clearing medicinal清热泻火药heat-clearing and fire-purging medicinal清热燥湿药Heat-clearing and dampness-drying medicinal 泻下药purgative medicinal攻下药offensive purgative medicinal温下药warm purgative medicinal润下药laxative (medicinal)峻下逐水药drastic (purgative) water-expelling medicinal祛风药wind-dampness dispelling medicinal祛风湿散寒药wind-dampness dispelling and cold dispersingmedicinal祛风湿清热药wind-dampness dispelling and heat clearingmedicinal化湿药dampness-resolving medicinal利水渗湿药dampness-draining diuretic medicinal利水消肿药water-draining and swelling-dispersing利尿通淋药strangury-relieving diuretic medicinal利湿退黄药dampness-draining anti-icteric medicinal温里药interior-warming medicinal理气药qi-regulating medicinal消食药digestant medicinal祛虫药worm-expelling medicinal止血药Hemostatic (medicinal)凉血止血藥blood-cooling hemostatic medicinal化瘀止血药stasis-resolving hemostatic medicinal收敛止血药astringent hemostatic medicinal温经止血药meridian-warming hemostatic medicinal活血化瘀药blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinal 活血祛瘀药blood-activating and stasis-dispelling medicinal 活血药blood-activating medicinal化瘀药stasis-resolving medicinal活血止痛药blood-activating analgesic medicinal活血行气药blood-activating and qi-moving medicinal活血调经药blood-activating menstruation regulatingmedicinal破血消徵药blood-breaking mass eliminating medicinal重镇安神药settling tranquillizing medicinal养心安神药heart-nourishing tranquillizing medicinal止咳平喘药cough-suppressing and panting-calmingmedicinal平肝熄风药liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishingmedicinal开窍药orifice-opening medicinal补益药tonifying and replenishing medicinal补气药qi-tonifying medicinal补阳药yang-tonifying medicinal补肾药kidney yang-tonifying medicinal补血药blood-tonifying medicinal补肝药Liver-emolliating medicinal补阴药yin-tonifying medicinal收涩药astringent medicinal固表止汗药exterior-securing anhidrotic medicinal敛汗固表药sweat-constraining exterior-securing medicinal 清热收涩药heat-clearing astringent medicinal敛肺涩肠药lung-intestine astringent medicinal催吐药emetic medicinal消散药resolving medicinal经方classic formula理法方药principles methods formulas and medicinals君臣佐使sovereign minister assistant and courier汤Decoction丸Pill散Powder膏Paste浸膏Extract软膏Ointment膏药Plaster药酒Medicated wine丹Pellet解表剂Exterior-releasing formula涌吐剂Emtic formula攻里剂Interior-attacking formula和解剂Harmonizing and releasing formula理气剂Qi-regulating formula理血剂Blood-regulating formula祛风剂Wind-dispelling formula攻下剂Purgative formula温补剂Warm-tonifying formula清暑剂Summer-heat clearing formula 利湿剂dampness-draining formula治燥剂Dryness-treating formula清热剂Heat-clearing formula泻火剂Fire-reducing formula祛痰剂Phlegm-dispelling formula消食剂Digestant formula安神剂Tranquilizing formula固涩剂Securing and astringent formula。
中医英语术语翻译重点
中医英语术语翻译重点天人相应Correspondence of human body and natural environment 辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation针灸acupuncture and moxibustion寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire整体观念concept of holism开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease异病同治same therapeutic method used to treating different diseases从阴引阳drawing yang from yin阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang寒极生热extreme cold generating heat热极生寒 extreme heat gernerating cold病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold实则泻之treating excess syndromes with reduction虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome实热症 excess heat syndrome潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind补其不足 supplement insufficiency泻其有余 reduce excess五行学说the theory of five elements木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening 火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping金曰从革metal characterized by clearing and changing水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending 母病及子illness of mother viscera affecting the child one 子病及母illness of child viscera affecting the mother one 相乘相侮over restriction and counter-restriction心火亢盛exuberant fire in the heart肾阳式 of kidney yang平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach水火不济between water and fire奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs藏象学说the theory of visceral manifestation藏而不泻storage without discharge泻而不藏discharge without storage形体诸窍physical build and various orifices其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face满而不实 full but not to be solid实而不满solid but not to be full心主血脉heart governing blood and vessels肺司呼吸lung controlling breathing脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation 肝主疏泄liver controlling conveyance and dispersion肾主藏精kidney governing storing essence面色无华lusterless complexion汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin升降出入ascending, descending, going out and going in宣发肃降dispersion, purification and descent后天之本acquired base of life肝气逆上upward adverse flow of liver qi先天之精innate essence奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs孤俯isolated fu-organ腐熟水谷digest water and food七冲门the seven important portals胆主决断The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment 泌别清浊separating the lucid from the turbid大肠主津The large intestine governs thin body fluid小肠主液The small intestine governs thick body fluid先天禀赋innateness温养腑脏warming and nourishing the viscera津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin气为血帅,血为气母Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels十二经筋tendons of the twelve regular meridians舒经活络soothing meridians and activating collaterals刺络拔罐collateral pricking and cupping therapy腠理闭塞stagnation of interstitial space湿邪困脾pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen外感六淫six excesses pathogenic factors饮食劳倦mproper diet and overstrain阳常有余,阴常不足Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.四大经典Four GreatClassic:Huangdi s Canon of Medicine黄帝内经Classic of Difficulties难经Shennong s Classic of Materia Medica神农本草经Rreatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases伤寒杂病论四气four properties:cold,,hot,warm,cool五味five flavors:sour,bitter,sweet,pungent,salty(中药)七情seven conditions of ingredients in prescriptions Single effect,mutual reinforcement,mutual assistance,mutual restraint,mutual inhibition,mutual antagonism,mutual suppression寒凉派Liu Wansu-School of Cold and Cool攻下派Zhang Congzheng-School of Purgation补土派Li Gao-School of Reinforcing the Earth滋阴派Zhu Zhenheng-School of Nourishing Yin辛温中药herbs pungent in taste and warm in nature辛凉中药herbs pungent in taste and cool in narure向日为阳,背日为阴The side facing the sun belongs to yang and the reverse side to yin,血液常行的前提条件:心气充沛,血液充盈,脉道通利Normal circulation of blood:abundance of heart qi,sufficiency of blood,vessels are prerequisite.四气;元气primordial qi,宗气pectoral qi,营气nutrient qi,卫气defensive qi内生五邪;内风,内寒,内湿,内燥,内火Five internal excesses;internal cold,internaldampness,inrenal dryness,internal fire内伤七情Internal injury due to sevenemotions;joy,anger,anxiety,thought,sorrow,fear,fright怒则气上,喜则气缓,悲则气消,恐则气下,惊则气乱。
中医术语翻译
congealingcoldwithbloodstasis
湿热下注
dampness-heatpouringdownward
火毒内陷
inwardinvasionoffiretoxin
气机失调
disorderedqimovement
气机不利
inhibitedqimovement
气机郁滞
stagnantqimovement
肾不纳气
kidneyfailingtoreceiveqi
太阳病
greateryangdisease
太阳经证
greateryangmeridianpattern
太阳伤寒证
greateryangcolddamagepattern
太阳蓄水证
greateryangwaterretentionpattern
阳明病
脾阳亏虚/不足
spleenyangdeficiency
脾不统血
spleenfailingtocontroltheblood
脾虚湿困
spleendeficiencywithdampnessencumbrance/accumulation
脾胃不和
spleen-stomachdisharmony
肠热腑实
intestinalheatandbowelexcess
虚中夹实
deficiencywithexcesscomplication
表虚里实
exteriordeficiencyandinteriorexcess
上虚下实
upperdeficiencyandlowerexcess
阴阳偏盛
abnormalexuberance
中医术语翻译汇总
十二经筋
Twelvemeridiansinews
十二皮部
Twelvecutaneousregions
奇经八脉
Eightextrameridians
十五络脉
Fifteencollateralvessels
孙络
tertiarycollaterals
浮络
Superficialcollaterals
天人合一
Harmonybetweenman andnature
表邪入里
exteriorpathogenenteringtheinterior;
肝气犯胃
liverqiinvadingstomach
祛风除湿
dispellingwindandeliminatingdampness;
消肿止痛
dispersingswellingandrelievingpain
木曰曲直
Woodbendingandstraightening
火曰炎上
Fireflaringup
土爰稼穑
Earthsowingandreaping
金曰从革
Metalclearingand changing
水曰润下
Watermoisteninganddescending
气虚
Qideficiency
气机失调
合邪
combinedpathogen
肝阳化风
Liveryangtransformingintowind
热极生风
Extremeheatengendering wind
阴虚内热
yindeficiencywithinternalheat
阴虚火旺
中医英文怎么写
1."中药"用英语怎么说在各种版本的词典中的翻译各有不同,现摘录如下: > 中药 traditional Chinese drug > 中药 Chinese traditional medicine > 中药 pumice stone > 中药 [traditional Chinese medicine] 中医所用的药物本人建议采纳: > 中药 traditional Chinese drug 因为他具有一定的权威性与规范化。
2.中药的英文怎么写中药[zhōng yào] traditio nal Chinese medicine短语3.水果的英语怎么说呀fruit 水果 apple 苹果 pear 梨 apricot 杏 peach 桃 grape 葡萄 banana 香蕉 pineapple 菠萝 plum 李子 watermelon 西瓜 orange 橙 lemon 柠檬 mango 芒果 strawberry 草莓 medlar 枇杷,欧查果 mulberry 桑椹 nectarine 油桃 cherry 樱桃 pomegranate 石榴 fig 无花果 tangerine 柑子 persimmon 柿子 walnut 胡桃 hazelnut 榛子 peanut 花生 date 枣 chestnut 粟 currant 醋粟 coconut, cocoanut 可可 bilberry 越桔blackberry, blueberry 黑莓 avocado 鳄梨 black currant 红醋栗 blood orange 红橙citron, grapefruit 香橼 damson 大马士革李 nutmeg 肉豆蔻 papaya, papaw 番木瓜guava 番石榴。
中医术语翻译
中医术语翻译气陷Qi fall/sinking气逆Qi counterflow气闭Qi block气脱Qi collapse十二正经Twelve (main/principal)meridians十二经别Twelve divergentmeridians/meridiandivergences十二经筋Twelve meridian sinews十二皮部Twelve cutaneous regions 奇经八脉Eight extra meridians十五络脉Fifteen collateral vessels任脉Conception vessel冲脉Thoroughfare vessel 带脉Belt vessel阴跷脉Yin heel vessel阳跷脉Yang heel vessel阴维脉Yin link vessel阳维Yang link vessel病因Cause of disease病机Mechanism of disease 疾病Disease外感external contraction 六淫six excesses疠气epidemic pathogen时邪seasonal pathogen合邪combined pathogen肝阳化风Liver yang transforminginto wind热极生风Extreme heat engenderingwind阴虚内热yin deficiency with internalheat阴虚火旺Yin deficiency witheffulgent fire五志(气)化火five elements transforminginto fire虚中夹实deficiency with excess阴阳格拒repulsion亡阴yin collapse亡阳yang collapse阴阳失调yin-yang disharmony阴阳两虚dual deficiency of yin andyang阴虚内热yin deficiency with internalheat阴虚阳亢yin deficiency with yanghyperactivity阴盛格阳exuberant yin repellingyang阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting清阳不升clear yang failing to ascend 阳竭阴脱yin exhaustion and yangcollapse半表半里half-exterior half-interior 表寒Exterior cold表热Exterior heat表虚exterior deficiency表实exterior excess风寒束表wind-cold fettering theexterior风热犯表wind-heat invading theexterior暑湿袭表summer-heat dampness真寒假热true cold with false heat热极生风extreme heat engenderingwind虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex 真实假虚true excess with falsedeficiency外燥external dryness温燥warm dryness实火excess fire食积food accumulation虚火上炎deficiency fire flamingupward痰气互结binding of phlegm and qidownward火毒内陷inward invasion of firetoxin气机失调disordered qi movement气机不利inhibited qi movement气机郁滞stagnant qi movement气郁化火depressed qi transforminginto fire寒凝气滞congealing cold with qistagnation中气下陷sunken middle qi气虚发热qi deficiency fever气虚湿阻qi deficiency with津液亏虚fluid-humor deficiency气滞水停qi stagnation with waterretention饮停胸胁fluid retention in the chestand hypochondrium心气虚heart qi deficiency心火上炎heart fire flaming upward 热扰心神heat harassing the heartspirit心移热小肠transmission of heart heatto the small intestine痰火扰心phlegm-fire harassing theheartthe lung痰浊阻肺phlegm turbidityobstructing the lung暑伤肺络summerheat damaging thelung vessel脾失健运spleen failing intransportation脾阳亏虚/不足spleen yang deficiency脾不统血spleen failing to control theblood脾虚湿困spleen deficiency withdampnessencumbrance/accumulation肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity ofliver yang肝经湿热dampness-heat in the livermeridian肾不纳气kidney failing to receive qi 太阳病greater yang disease太阳经证greater yang meridianpattern太阳伤寒证greater yang cold damagepattern太阳蓄水证greater yang waterretention pattern阳明病yang brightness disease阳明腑证yang brightness bowelpattern阳明腑实证Yang brightness bowelexcess pattern少阴寒化lesser yin coldtransformation少阴热化lesser yin heattransformation太阳蓄血greater yang bloodamassment热入血室heat entering bloodchamber卫气同病both defense-qi aspectsinterspace湿热瘀阻气机dampness-heat obstructingqi movement湿重于热dampness predominatingover heat湿热浸淫spreading dampness heat 痰Phlegm湿Dampness饮fluid retention精气Essential qi元气source qi宗气ancestral qi营气nutrient qi切palpation解表release the exterior解肌release the flesh透表outthrust through theexterior祛风dispel wind疏风disperse wind散寒dissipate cold宣肺Diffuse the lung润燥moisten dryness清热clear heat泻火purge fire泄热discharge heat清热生津clear heat and engenderfluid清热利湿clear heat and draindampness清气凉营clear the qi aspect and coolthe nutrient aspect透营转气expel from the nutrientaspect through the qiaspect清热生津clear heat and engenderfluid清热利湿clear heat and draindampness缓下Laxation润下Lubricant laxation润肠通便moisten the intestines andrelax the bowels泻下软坚soften hardness withpurgation泻下攻积remove accumulation withpurgation泻下逐水expel water by purgation泻下逐饮expel retained fluid bypurgation温下寒积remove cold accumulationwith warm purgation调和肝脾harmonize the liver andspleen和解表里harmonize and release theexterior and interior和解少阳harmonize and release thelesser yang心肾不交证heart-kidneynoninteraction pattern交通心肾coordinate the heart andkidney邪伏膜原pathogen hidden in thepleurodiaphragmaticinterspace芳香化湿resolve dampness witharoma苦温燥湿dry dampness withbitter-warm淡渗利湿drain dampness with bland 利水消肿induce diuresis to alleviateedema清热化痰Clear heat and resolvephlegm降逆止咳平喘Downbear counterflow / tosuppress cough and to calmpanting清肺clearrelieve pain行气止痛move qi to relieve pain疏肝理气soothe the liver andregulate qi降逆止呕Direct qi downward torelieve vomitting凉血cool the blood止血stop bleeding活血activate blood散瘀dissipate stasis化瘀resolve stasis破瘀expel stasis通经unblock the meridian针灸Acupuncture &Moxibustion毫针filiform needle提插捻转法lifting-thrusting&twirlingmethod中药Chinese Medicinal草药Herbs/herbal drug本草materia medica药材medicinal material药味flavor of medicinals药性Nature/properties ofmedicinals四气五味Four Qi and five flavors相殺mutual suppression相惡mutual inhibition相反antagonism解表药exterior-releasingmedicinal发散风寒药wind-cold-dispersingmedicinal辛温解表药pungent-warmexterior-releasingmedicinal清热药Heat-clearing medicinal清热泻火药heat-clearing andfire-purging medicinal祛风药wind-dampness dispellingmedicinal祛风湿散寒药wind-dampness dispellingand cold dispersingmedicinal祛风湿清热药wind-dampness dispellingand heat clearing medicinal 化湿药dampness-resolvingmedicinal利水渗湿药dampness-draining diureticmedicinal利水消肿药water-draining andswelling-dispersing凉血止血藥blood-cooling hemostaticmedicinal化瘀止血药stasis-resolving hemostaticmedicinal收敛止血药astringent hemostaticmedicinal温经止血药meridian-warminghemostatic medicinal活血化瘀药blood-activating andstasis-resolving medicinal 活血祛瘀药blood-activating andstasis-dispelling medicinal 活血药blood-activating medicinaleliminating medicinal重镇安神药settling tranquillizingmedicinal养心安神药heart-nourishingtranquillizing medicinal止咳平喘药cough-suppressing andpanting-calming medicinal 平肝熄风药liver-pacifying andwind-extinguishingmedicinal开窍药orifice-opening medicinal 补益药tonifying and replenishingmedicinal固表止汗药exterior-securinganhidrotic medicinal敛汗固表药sweat-constrainingexterior-securing medicinal 清热收涩药heat-clearing astringentmedicinal敛肺涩肠药lung-intestine astringentmedicinal催吐药emetic medicinal消散药resolving medicinal经方classic formula理法方药principles methodsformulas and medicinals药酒Medicated wine丹Pellet解表剂Exterior-releasing formula 涌吐剂Emtic formula攻里剂Interior-attacking formula 和解剂Harmonizing and releasingformula理气剂Qi-regulating formula理血剂Blood-regulating formula 祛风剂Wind-dispelling formula攻下剂Purgative formula温补剂Warm-tonifying formula清暑剂Summer-heat clearing。
中医英语翻译
中国医药学:traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验:clinical experience辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation本草:materia medica国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
TCM, a medical system with a history of thousands years,has summarized the experience of the Chinese people accumulating in the struggle against diseases.2.中医学在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下,通过长期的医疗实践,逐步形成并发展为独特的医学理论体系。
Under the influence andguidance of classicalChinese materialism anddialectics,traditionChinese medicine haseventually evolved into amedical system withunique theory throughlong term medicalpractice.3.中医学是研究人体生理病理以及疾病的诊断和防治的一门科学。
Tradition Chinesemedicine is a sciencefocusing on the study ofthe physiology andpathology of the humanbody as well as thediagnosis, prevention andtreatment of disease.4.黄帝内经总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成就和治疗经验,确立了中医学独特的理论体系,成为中医药学发展的基础。
中医术语翻译
Yang brightness
太阳
Greater yang
少阳
Lesser yang
太阴
Greater yin
少阴
Lesser yin
厥阴
Reverting yin
督脉
Governor vessel
任脉
Conception vessel
冲脉
Thoroughfare vessel
带脉
Belt vessel
阴虚火旺
Yin deficiency with effulgent fire
五志(气)化火
five elements transforming into fire
虚中夹实
deficiency with excess complication
表虚里实
exterior deficiency and interior excess
上虚下实
upper deficiency and lower excess
阴阳偏盛
abnormal exuberance
阴阳偏衰
abnormal debilitation
阴阳互损
mutual detriment
阴阳转化
conversion
阴阳格拒
repulsion
亡阴
yin collapse
亡阳
yang collapse
十二经筋
Twelve meridian sinews
十二皮部
Twelve cutaneous regions
奇经八脉
Eight extra meridians
十五络脉
Fifteen collateral vessels
中医英语
翻译短语1.中国医药学traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.中医基础理论basic theory of TCM3.临床经验clinical experience4.辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.中药学Chinese pharmacy6.针灸acupuncture and moxibustion7.病因学etiology8.方剂prescription; formula9.滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire10.六腑six fu-organs11.整体观念holism12.社会属性social attribute13.诊断学diagnostics14.邪正关系relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi 15.治疗学therapeutics16.风寒感冒common cold due to wind and cold17.同病异治treatment of the same disease with different remedies 18.异病同治treatment of different diseases with the same remedy19.疾病本质nature of disease20.相互转化 mutual transformation21.寒极生热 extreme cold turning into heat22.相互消长 mutual wane-wax23.相互制约 mutual restriction24.相互依存 interdependence25.五行学说the doctrine of five elements26.相乘相侮subjugation and counter-restriction27.土虚木乘deficient earth being subjugated by wood28.生克制化inhibition-development with generation and restriction 29.母病及子 involvement of a child- organ by its mother-organ disorder 30.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations31.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs32.水谷精微essence of water and food33.临床实践clinical practice34.藏而不泻storage without discharge/excretion35.心气充沛sufficiency of heart qi36.血液充盈sufficiency of blood37.汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin38.脾主运化the spleen governing transportation and transformation39.后天之本origin of acquired constitution40.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs41.上焦upper energizer42.泌别清浊separating the lucid from the turbid43.初步消化 primary digestion44.月经来潮occurrence of menstruation45.先天禀赋innateness46.水液代谢water metabolism47.气机调畅smoothness of qi movement48.气机qi movement49.气化qi transformation50.先天之气innate qi51.后天之气acquired qi52.气生血qi generating blood53.气行血qi propelling blood54.津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin55.气为血帅,血为气母Qi serves as commander of blood and blood does as mother of qi 56.益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse57.经络学说meridian theory58.经络系统meridian system59.十二正经twelve regular meridians60.奇经八脉eight extraordinary meridians61.十二经别twelve meridians’ divergences62.外感六淫six exogenous pathogenic factors63.风邪外袭pathogenic wind attacking the exterior64.感受寒邪attack/invade by pathogenic cold65.阴虚生内热production of endogenous heat due to yin deficiency66.七情内伤internal impairment due to seven emotions67.体质强弱 (body )constitutional state68.五心烦热feverish sensation in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest) 69.五志过极extreme changes of five emotions70.阴阳互损mutual involvement of yin and yang71.精充气足 sufficient essence and abundant qi72.肌肤甲错squamous and dry skin73.预后良好favorable prognosis74.脉象pulse conations75.表里同病disease involving both exterior and interior76.寒热错杂co-existence of cold and heat/ mixture of cold and heat77.真寒假热true cold with false heat78.寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heat one79.热证转寒transformation of heat syndrome into cold one80.潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating81.中草药Chinese medicinal herbs82.四气五味four properties and five flavors83.燥湿健脾drying dampness to invigorate the spleen84.升降沉浮ascending, descending, sinking and floating85.归经channel tropism of medicines86.用药禁忌medication contraindication87.方剂学science of prescription88.方剂的加减modification of a prescription89.剂型与剂量drug form and dosage90.药物毒性toxicity of medicinal herb91.引经报使guiding action92.药物饮片 herbal slice93.针灸疗法acupuncture and moxibustion (therapy)94.针刺补泻reinforcing and reducing95针刺止痛analgesia by acupuncture96.针刺麻醉acupuncture anesthesia97.耳针疗法ear acupuncture (therapy)98.提插捻转lifting, thrusting, twisting and rotating (techniques)翻译句子1.中国医药学有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。
中医术语英文大全
中医术语英文大全以下是一些常见的中医术语及其对应的英文译名:1. 中医 (Traditional Chinese Medicine)2. 针灸 (Acupuncture and Moxibustion)3. 按摩 (Massage)4. 草药 (Herbal Medicine)5. 中药 (Traditional Chinese Medicine)6. 推拿 (Tuina)7. 食疗 (Diet Therapy)8. 气功 (Qigong)9. 气血 (Qi and Blood)10. 经络 (Meridians)11. 寒热 (Cold and Heat)12. 脉象 (Pulse Diagnosis)13. 五行 (Five Elements)14. 通脉散结 (Promoting Qi Circulation and Resolving Stagnation)15. 疏肝理气 (Soothing the Liver and Regulating Qi)16. 补肾固本 (Tonifying the Kidneys and Strengthening the Essence)17. 温阳散寒 (Warming Yang and Dispelling Cold)18. 疏风清热 (Dispelling Wind and Clearing Heat)19. 透疹退湿 (Promoting Eruption and Resolving Dampness)20. 润肺止咳 (Moistening the Lungs and Stopping Cough)这只是一小部分中医术语的英文译名,由于中医涉及的领域广泛且复杂,还有许多其他的中医术语没有在列表中列出。
中医英语翻译
1. 肝血虚证肝血虚多因生血不足,或失血过多,或因久病耗伤肝血所致。
临床表现:头晕,面色无华,视物模糊,肢体麻木,手足震颤,关节拘急不利,或妇女经量少,甚则闭经,舌淡苔白,脉细。
Liver Blood Deficiency SyndromeIt refers to insufficient liver blood, usually caused by insufficient blood production or massive blood loss, or injury to liver blood in a chronic disease.【Clinical Manifestations】Dizziness, pale complexion, blurred vision ,numbness of limbs, tremor of hands and feet, joint motion problem, scanty volume of menses, or even amenorrhea, pale tongue with white fur and thready pulse2. 肝郁气滞证肝郁气滞多因情致不遂,郁怒伤肝,或因其他病邪阻滞,肝失疏泄调达所致。
临床表现:胸胁或少腹胀闷,窜痛,情致郁抑或易怒,善太息,苔薄白,脉弦。
妇女乳房胀痛,月经不调,痛经,病情轻重与情致变化关系密切。
Syndrome of Liver Qi StagnationIt refers to emotional problems and rage that impair the liver, or other pathogenic factors, impeding smooth flow of liver qi.【Clinical Manifestations】Distending pain or scurrying pain in the chest and lower abdomen, depression or bad temper, frequent deep sighing, thin white fur and wiry pulse, or distending pain in women’s breasts, irregular menses, dysmenorrhea , closely related to emotional changes3. 肾精不足证肾精不足是指生长发育和生殖机能减退所表现的征候。
中医英语翻译
中医英语翻译中国医药学:traditional Chinese medicine 哲学概念philosophical concept counter-restriction by wood 中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese 对立统一unity and opposites 生克制化interrelationship between generation and medicine 相互消长mutual waning and waxing restriction临床经验:clinical experience 阴阳属性nature of yin and yang 制则生化restriction ensuring generation 辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome 相互转化mutual transformation 传变transmission of disease differentiation 相互联系interrelation 母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting the 本草:materia medica //medicinal herbs 相互制约mutual restraint child-organ中药Chinese herbs 动态平衡dynamic balance 子病犯母disease of the child-organ affecting the 四气五味:four properties and five tastes 阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium mother-organ针灸acupuncture and moxibustion 阳消阴长 yang waning and yin waxing 肝肾精血不足insufficiency of kidney and liver 各家学说theories of different schools 阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to disorder essence and bloodhyperactivity of liver yang 汗法: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapyof yang 肝阳上亢下法:purgative therapy 阳胜则热 predominance of yang generating heat 藏象学说 theory of visceral manifestations 吐法:emetic therapy 寒极生热extreme cold generating heat 五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs 补土派:school of invigorating the earth 热极生寒extreme heat generating cold 奇恒之府 extraordinary fu-organs 病因学说:theory of etiology 相反相成 opposite and supplementary to each other 水谷精微 cereal nutrients 养生:health-cultivation 生理功能physiological functions 传化水谷transmissions and transformation of food 医疗实践medical practice 病理变化pathological changes 贮藏精气 storage of essence治疗原则:therapeutic principles 临床诊断clinical diagnosis 表里关系interior and exterior relationship 寒凉药物:herbs of cold and cool nature 有机整体organic wholeness/entirety 治疗效应 curative effect 滋阴降火:nourishing yin to lower fire 正邪斗争struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic 临床实践 clinical practice瘀血致病:disease caused by blood stasis factors 藏而不泻 storage without excretion 先天之精:congenital essence 绝对偏盛absolute predominance 心肝血虚deficiency of heart and liver blood 气的运动变化:movement and changes of qi 阳虚则寒yang deficiency leading to cold心肝火旺exuberance of heart and liver fire 形与神俱:inseparability of the body and spirit 阳损及阴consumption of yang involving yin 心火亢盛exuberance of heart fire 神明: spirit/mental activity 阴液不足insufficiency of yin-fluid 滋肾养肝nourishing the kidney and liver 脏腑:zang-organs and fu-organs/viscera 病机pathogenesis 肝阴不足insufficiency of the liver yin 功能活动:functional activities 五行学说theory of five elements 温肾健脾warming the kidney and strengtheningthe 形神统一:unity of the body and spirit 运动变化motion and variation spleen阴阳失调:imbalance of yin and yang 条达舒畅free development 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang 正邪相争:struggle between healthy qi and 相生相克mutual generation and restriction 脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang pathogenic factors 生我我生to be generated and to generate 肝旺脾虚hyperactivity of the liver and weakness of 治未病prevention of disease 克我我克to be restricted and to restrict the spleen 调养 to cultivate health 生中有制restriction within generation 脾胃虚弱weakness of the spleen and stomach 正气 healthy qi 克中有生generation within restriction 平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the 病邪 pathogenic factor 木曰曲直Wood is characterized by growing freely stomach疾病的防治 prevention and treatment of disease and peripherally 水湿停聚retention of water-dampness 整体观念 concept of holism 火曰炎上Fire is characterized by flaming up 肾阴不足insufficiency of kidney yin 五脏five zang-organs 土曰稼穑Earth is characterized by cultivation and 心肾不交disharmony between the heart and kidney 六腑six fu-organs reaping 水火不济discordance between water and fire 经络系统system of meridians and collaterals 金曰从革Metal is characterized by change 阴阳俱损simultaneous consumption of yin and yang 形神统一 unity of the body and spirit 水曰润下Water is characterized by moistening and 阴阳两虚simultaneous deficiency of both yin and 有机整体organic wholeness downward flowing yang表里关系exterior and interior relation 方位配五行correspondence of the directions to the 损其有余reducing excess开窍opening into five elements 补其不足supplementing insufficiency 生长化收藏five element function 相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse restriction 阴中求阳obtaining yang from yin 脉象pulse conditions 土乘木The wood over-restrains the earth 虚寒证deficiency-cold syndrome 正邪关系the states of pathogenic factors and healthy 土虚木乘 Earth deficiency leading to 扶阳益火strengthening yang to increasing fire qi over-restriction by wood 祛风散寒eliminating wind to dispersing cold 自然现象natural phenomena 金虚木侮metal deficiency leading to 消导积滞promoting digestion and removing foodretention of TCM潜阳息风suppressing yang to quench wind 5.难经内容十分丰富,补充了内经的不足,成为后世人体各组织器官共处于统一体中,不论在生理上还是阴阳的互根互用interdependence of yin and yang 指导临床实践的理论基础。
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课程名称:英汉翻译教程班级:英语11302班学籍号:201301829学生姓名:***标题:传统文化翻译之中医药效药名翻译传统文化翻译之中医药效药名翻译王晶摘要中医是中华文化的瑰宝,源远流长,自成体系,富有浓厚的传统文化特色,而中药学则是中医学的一个重要分支。
中药饮片的种类数以千计,若加上纷繁的异名,别称,药名则有数万之众。
在如此众多的药名中,蕴涵着大量古代传统文化的信息,使得中药药名及其药效的翻译成为传统文化翻译中的一大难点。
近年来,中医药国际交流取得了长足进步,国际市场上对中医药认可和需求日益扩大。
然而,长期以来,中药名及其功效语的汉英翻译存在着不规范、不够准确的问题,甚至还存在着严重的漏译、错译现象。
如何将中医翻译得准确,使外国人明白和正确理解中医内容,这便是当今中医翻译界要解决的一个重要问题。
本文旨在从译词对等及中医的哲学文化角度分析总结中医药效药名的翻译模式及方法。
关键词:传统文化翻译中医药翻译译词对等翻译策略及方法中医中药概况简介中医是在古代朴素的唯物论和自发的辨证法思想指导下,通过长期医疗实践逐步形成并发展成的医学理论体系。
中医学以阴阳五行作为理论基础,将人体看成是气、形、神的统一体,通过“望闻问切”四诊合参的方法,探求病因、病性、病位、分析病机及人体内五脏六腑、经络关节、气血津液的变化、判断邪正消长,进而得出病名,归纳出证型,以辨证论治原则,制定“汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消”等治法,使用中药、针灸、推拿、按摩、拔罐、气功、食疗等多种治疗手段,使人体达到阴阳调和而康复。
中医药也叫汉族医药,它是中华民族的宝贵财富,为中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出了巨大贡献。
中药是指在中医理论指导下用于预防、诊断、治疗疾病或调节人体机能的药物。
多为植物药,也有动物药、矿物药及部分化学、生物制品类药物。
中药按加工工艺分为中成药、中药材。
中国医药学已有数千年的历史,是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的极为丰富的经验总结。
中药在中国古籍中通称“本草”。
我国最早的一部中药学专著是汉代的《神农本草经》,唐代由政府颁布的《新修本草》是世界上最早的药典,开创了我国本草著作图文对照的先例,不但对我国药物学的发展有很大影响,而且不久即流传国外,对世界医药的发展作出了重要贡献。
自古以来,传统中医药以其药性温和、具有对症下药的特点为国人所认可和接受。
在改革开放的今天,中药早已走出了国门。
传统医学的治疗理念正逐渐为世界所接受,传统医药受到国际社会越来越多的关注,世界范围内对中医药的需求日益增长,这为中医药的发展提供了广阔的空间。
然而,目前我国大多中药说明书中对药名及其医治功能都采用了中文汉字和汉语拼音相结合的方式,即使有些说明书进行了汉英翻译,其译文也极不规范、准确,漏译、错译较多。
这对国外消费者来说,购买及服用中药会存在一些顾虑。
为了更好地宣传和推销中药,为了让世界各地的消费者了解和接受中药,对中药进行规范、准确的翻译便迫在眉睫。
中医药翻译的难点一,中医药翻译难以找到合适的译语中医药翻译要在译语中再现中医药原文的信息是比较困难的,因为中医药本身就存在着某种程度的“只可意会不可言传”的特征。
一名多译现象,对等词缺失,中医语言的模糊性,中西文化障碍及中医术语的特殊性是导致中医药翻译难以找到合适译语的主要原因。
1、一名多译一名多译现象在中医典籍名称的翻译上表现得也很突出。
如,气血津液的“气”。
不同参考书目就会出现许多种译法如: qi , vital qi,vital energy ,functional activity …。
“生”:生津,promoting the production of the body fluid;生肌,promoting tissue regeneration;生脉,activating pulse;生阳,invigorating vital function。
2、无法找到相对应的词中医有许多术语无法在英语中找到完全对等或十分相似的词汇。
例如,中医中的“喘”症,在英语中就能没有一个完全对等的词。
asthma 意为西医所说的“哮喘”,但中医“哮”和“喘”含义又有所不同,因此常被译为difficulty in breathing 或西医词汇dyspaneal (呼吸困难) 。
不少中医名词术语在英语中难寻对应词,如“谵语”、“郑声”、“口淡不渴”等。
3、语言模糊性中医理论体系是在中国古典哲学的基础上逐步形成的。
后者一方面和中医水乳交融,另一方面也使得中医语言变得模凌两可,晦涩难懂。
最常见的例子有阴阳,五行,气等,这些在英文里很难找到对等的翻译。
从中医角度而言,中医名词本身不规范,一词多义,内涵不清楚,外延不确定。
如“痰”有“有形之痰”与“无形之痰”的区分,“阴阳”的概念可泛指一切,“证”是中医学中特有的概念之一,但至今仍无确切的定义,诸如此类名词术语在中医里比比皆是。
4、文化障碍中医文章里的词语,不仅能够传递出信息,而且还承载着文化意义。
译者经常面临的困难包括两个方面:一是中医的文化背景和西医的有很大区别;二是中医里面的一些治疗方法和技巧很有可能让西方人很难理解,甚至造成误解。
中医是用人文科学的理念构建起自然科学的理论体系,这种医哲交融现象是任何学科都不具备的。
中国传统哲学思想直接缔造了中医学的基本框架。
中医天人相应的整体观念,五行相贯的藏象学说,阴阳互根的治疗原则无不打上了中国古代哲学的烙印。
5、术语的不规范性很久以前,中医的基本理论就形成了,但其所使用的语言却不标准。
与此同时,中医教育主要是通过口述的方式代代相传,即使有一些中医学校,也因派别不同各自独成体系,彼此之间很少有交流,这样,中医的理论和观点就很难与时俱进。
久而久之,不仅国外的医生,甚至国内的医者都对中医里的术语困惑不已,如“带状疱疹”,在有的文献中称为“缠腰火丹”或“蛇串疮”。
二,中医药自有其药理与哲理。
中医药植根于中国传统文化,且在发展的过程中吸收融合了儒道释三家及中国古代哲学的精华。
其药理与哲理自成体系,增加了中医药翻译的难度。
(一)药性有“阴阳”:“阴阳”本是中国古代哲学中的一个概念,它概括了天下万物相对的两种不同属性,大至宇宙天地,小至草木鱼虫的矛盾与对立、共性与个性,无不尽在其中。
《神农本草经》说:“药有阴阳配合,子母兄弟。
”后世医药学家多用“阴阳”来阐释药理。
金代医家李杲在《东垣十书·汤液本草》的“药类法象”一章中说道:“温凉寒热,四气是也。
温热者,天之阳也;凉寒者,天之阴也。
此乃天之阴阳也……气味辛甘发散为阳,酸甘涌泄为阴。
”通过阴阳,既阐释了药之特性,又阐明了药之功效,具有高度的概括性和规律性。
(二)治则有“反治”。
反治与正治相反,是当疾病出现假象,或大寒证、大热证时,对正治法发生格拒而采用的治法。
其中有“热因寒用”,是以热药来治疗真寒假热证,要佐以少量寒药,或热药凉服才发挥作用;有“寒因热用”,是指用寒凉药治真热假寒证,要佐以少量温热药,或寒药热饮才发挥作用。
这既体现了中医的辨证,又体现了用药的辩证法,具有很深的哲学内涵,这是中医药文化的独特之处。
(三)补益有哲理。
从扶正祛邪的角度,按照中医五行理论,认为祛邪就是扶正。
提出了“五补”:“辛补肝,咸补心,甘补肾,酸补脾,苦补肺”的观点。
以“辛”为例,辛味原本入肺,属金;肝属木,金能克木,所以用“辛补肝”。
其中的哲理和文化底蕴,需要我们细细品味,方解药文化之三昧。
(四)用药讲“中和”。
“中和”是儒家的哲学,认为能“致中和”,则无事不达于和谐的境界。
《说文》云:“……事之调适者谓之和。
”中和,用于药理之中,含义有三层:一是调和,以不同的因素适度配合,使之比例恰当,如厨师之烹调羹汤,含有方法的意思;二是和谐、均衡、统一的状态。
从麻杏石甘汤,是治疗邪热壅肺的名方,用麻黄为君药,宣肺平喘,是“火郁发之”之义,但其性温,故配辛甘大寒之石膏为臣药,石膏既可清宣肺热,又可制约麻黄温性,使其去性存用,两者相配,肺郁解,肺热清,咳喘平,疗效可靠,深得配伍变通之妙,此可谓“臣献其可而去其否”之范例。
中医药效药名的有效翻译模式1中药名汉英翻译模式中医翻译领域中比较重要的一部分就是中药名称的翻译。
中药来源广泛,品种繁多,有以功效命名的,有以药用部位命名的,有以产地命名的,有以形色气味命名的,有以进口国名或译音命名的,有以人名命名的,等等。
长期以来,中药名称的汉英翻译存在着不规范、不够准确的问题,甚至还存在着严重的漏译、错译现象。
以下几种中药名称的翻译方法供大家参考。
1 .1根据药料取名的中成药翻译公式:药料+剂型,例如:五仁露—Five Seeds Syrup牡蝠散—Concha Ostreae Power苏合香丸—Resina Linquidambaris Orientalis Bolus1 .2根据病症取名的中成药翻译公式:药名+剂型,如:病气汤—He mia Decoction阴虚丸—Yin Asthenic Pill1 .3根据药物功效取名的中成药翻译公式:功效+剂型或剂型+for+功效,例如:保和丸—Digestion promoting Pill涤痰丸—Phlegm-eliminating Pellet狗皮膏药—Anti-rheum Plaster泻白散—Lung-Heat Expelling Power清暑益气汤一Decoction for Clearing Away Summer-heat and Benefiting Energy1 .4根据主药料+功效取名的中成药翻译公式:主药料+剂型+for+功效(名词或名词短语),如果主药料名和功效语都较长,可选用模式:剂型+of+主药料+for+功效(名词或名词短语),如: 牛黄清心丸—Calculus Bovis Bolus for Clearing Away Heat-fire安宫牛黄丸—Calculus Bovis Bolus for Resurrection养阴清肺糖浆一Syrup for Nourishing Yin and Clearing Away Lung-heat牛黄降压片—Calculus Bovis Tablets for Hypertension 2 中药功效语的汉英翻译模式中药功效语是指按照中医理论描述某项活动所具有的功效的语言,如:止痛消炎、明目清火、经血不调、理气化痰、提神醒脑、恶心呕吐、解表散寒、祛暑开窍等。
中药功效语大多以“四字”形式表达,翻译起来比较有难度。
当然,中药功效语并不是不可译,只要我们认真理解和揣摩,不难发现一些规律。
根据经验和实践,中药功效语的翻译大致有以下三种模式。
2 .1译成两个并列的英语动词短语翻译公式:V ing+(n)+V ing+(n),如:清热解毒—clearing heat and detoxifying益气生津—supplementing qi and promoting its yin essence利咽消肿—relieving sore-throat and diminishing swelling疏风醒脑—eliminating headache and refreshing2 .2译成带目的状语的动词短语翻译公式:V ing+(n)+to+V+(n),如:活血通络—promoting blood circulation to removeobstruction in the channels润肠通便—loosening the bowel to relieve constipation散寒止咳—expelling cold to relieve vomiting健肺养颜—invigorating the lung to nourish the face 2 .3译成带方式状语的动词短语翻译公式: V ing+(n)+by+V ing+( n),如:养心安神—tranquilizing the mind by nourishing the heart 健脾止泻—stopping diarrhea by invigorating the spleen 利胆退黄—curing jaundice by normalizing functioning of the gallbladder托毒合疮—healing ulcer by expelling toxin结语中医是几千年来中华民族文化的结晶。