怎样区分非谓语充当各种句子成分

now been solved. • The question, having been discussed for many years, has now been solved. • 2)短暂性动词的ing形式一般式一般不可以作后置定语。 • Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. • Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. • 3)being+adj不能单独作后置定语 • Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here. • Anyone(who is) fit for this job can sign your name here.
involves pollution.
定语----注意事项
• 1)现在分词的完成式一般不做定语，除非为非限定性定语(having done, having been done)
• The question having been discussed for many years has now been solved. • The question discussed(=which has been discussed) for many years has
• ②done, being done, having been done作为状语的区别 • being done（动名词一般被动）：表示伴随状语，一般
被done取代 • done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完成 • having been done（现在分词完成被动）：强调主句动
作已经完成，或已经持续一段时间的动作或状态，如果 不强调时间先后，或动作持续，直接用done • 试辨析
• Having been well tended for half a year, the patient became far better.
补足语
• ①to do VS Ving 现在分词 • Ving现在分词说明宾语的正在进行m enter the hall.
现在分词表示自身的性质，过去分词表示外因使之具备的性质或特征。
• Your speech is very encouraging. • The story is very moving. • I was disappointed at this decision. • The child was frightened to see the dog. • 试辨析 • 1、His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷这些墙 • 2、His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墙
非谓语充当句子成分的区分
主语-----Ving&to do
• To do:具体的某一次动作或将来动作，强调的 是动作的本身。
• Ving：一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念或一个已 经完成的动作，强调的是事情本身。
• 试辨析： • To visit China is my next goal. • To look after these naughty boys is really difficult. • Climbing mountains is great fun. • Collecting stamps can enlarge one’s knowledge.
愿的动词后的宾补如果用to be done,省略to be，从而使句子的语气更显 得坚决）
• 试辨析
• We would like all the walls(to be) painted white.
• I don’t like such things (to be )discussed this way.
• The question being discussed now involves pollution. • The question discussed yesterday involves pollution. • The question, having been discussed for many years,
状语
• ①To do 在作为结果状语一般表示出乎意料的情况， 常见结构有too…to, enough …to等。不定式前可以加 only作强调。
• Ving现在分词作为状语主要表示一种顺其自然的情 况（前面是后面的原因）
• 试辨析 • He left home, never to return. • We arrived there only to find the meeting over. • The rain lasted a week, causing great damage. • The pop star didn’t turn up, disappointing all her fans. • The room are all large enough to take a third bed.
宾语-----to do& ving
• 1）相差不大的类型 • Like, hate, begin, start, prefer, continue等。 • After a short rest, she started working/to work. • I prefer walking/to walk to school. • Despite the difficulties, we continued doing/to do the research. • 2）相差很大的类型 • Try, regret, forget, remember, mean等。 • ① Try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth试着做某事 • He tried to stand up but failed. • Let’s try telling him about the sad news. • ②regret to do sth对将要做的事感到抱歉或遗憾，regret doing sth对已发生的事感到
• Every one of us would expect our salaries(to be) raised.
• We all don’t want the land (to be) built on.
1. My daughter stopped screaming immediately and looked up at me with tears ______(roll) down her cheeks.
后面 • Fallen leaves falling tree changed situation changing situation • Developed country developing country boring meeting broken cup • The man reading the newspaper there is our English teacher. • The English spoken in America is a little different from that in English.
possible. • He gave me advice on how to quit smoking. • We’re talking about where to set up a school
shopping center.
表语
• 不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”； • ①表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质，不定式与动名词互换。 • My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. • My part-time job is teaching/ to teach yoga in school. • ②表示具体的，个别的动作，或含有将来含义时，一般用不定式. • The plan is to set aside a day for the interview. • My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. • Our aim is to help the old lead a happy life. • ③现在分词与过去分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
•④ • to be done(to do一般被动)：即将被做 • being done（动名词一般被动）：正在被做 • done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完成 • having been done（现在分词完成被动）：非限定
定语，逗号与被修饰词隔开。 • 试辨析
• The question to be discussed tomorrow involves pollution.
定语
• ①不定式表示未发生的动作，或通常发生的动作，一般放在被修饰 词后面。
• The next thing to do is to encourage Mary to walk on. • The school to be built next month is intended for disabled children. • He is always the first to come and the last to leave. • ②动名词作定语，一般表示用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面 • A walking stick a measuring tape a washing machine a reading room • ③现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 • 单个分词作定语往往放在被修饰词前面，分词短语多置于被修饰词