专业英语作业翻译1
汽车专业英语课文翻译1
Types of Automobiles汽车的类型The automobile industry is a fast developing industry. Form the later 18th century when the first automobile was put on road, this industry has developed tremendously. Now there are thousands of factories all over the world manufacturing numerous types of automobiles. This industry employs crores of men and women directly and indirectly in allied industries. The automobile engines are also being used in engine powered machines for agriculture, construction and manufacturing processes. Various types of small engines are also being used in lawn movers, power saws, snow removers and similar equipment. The automobile industry is a developing and demanding industry which does not find its end or saturation point. There is a great demand for varied types of automotive products, vehicles and engines. There is also a great demand for trained and experienced persons in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines components, transmissions, propeller shafts, differentials, axles, steering system components, brake system components, suspension components, air conditioners, heaters, body and glass work.汽车产业是一个迅速发展的行业。
专业英语翻译作业译文
专业英语翻译作业译文1.科学家们认为,这样微弱的粒子正则轨道实际上是不存在的。
的想法现在已被事实否定了。
2.虽然小行星很小很微弱,天文学家已经知道很多关于它们的大小,形状和组合物,通过使用各种直接和间接的技术。
例如,它是已知的许多小行星的亮度的周期性变化。
3.随着疾病的进展,大肌肉也稳步增长疲软。
如果不治疗,患者变得瘫痪有呼吸非常困难,并最终死亡。
4.将信息从计算机的一部分转移到另一个取决于电流进行了线。
5.只有两件事是天文观测----站立的地方和地方看需要。
6.太阳风严重扭曲地球磁场,把它拖了一个长长的尾巴。
7.使用计算机,我们组成了一系列的合成歌曲的混合自然音节为不同的模式。
8.苍头燕雀的显示,找出正确的声音模仿的本能,这表明本能学习鸟类作为他们发展他们的歌曲一样重要。
9.We know from the fossil record that our ancestors and other intelligent creatures,the australopithecines,branched off from an apelike creature 2.5 million to 3 million years ago ,and coexisted until the australopithecines died out a little less than a million years ago.Stone tools and other evidence at campsites that date form about 2,000,000 B.C.indicate that some form of australopithecine performed human activities ------ making tools,sharing food and working together.我们知道从化石记录我们的祖先和其他智能生物,猿,分枝从远古的生物2500000到3000000年前,南方古猿和共存直到死了比一百万年前少了一点。
化学专业英语翻译1
01. THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期表。
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z.原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数,或质子数,卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z,总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。
这被称为质量数,这个数的原子中的中子,中子数,给出了所有的数量The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example:术语元素是指,一个纯粹的物质与一个单一的一种原子。
专业英语第八章课文翻译1
Chiguo Chapter 8 Section 1 Coal-Fired Power Plants燃煤发电站第一段:在化石燃料发电厂中,煤,石油或者天然气在燃烧室中燃烧,燃烧产生高温的水,然后转换成水蒸气,高温的水蒸气将驱动汽轮机,汽轮机与发电机机械地连接在一起。
图8.1展示了一个典型的图表示意图。
发电厂的运行用一下简洁的语言概述。
从仓库取出煤块放入粉煤机(或者磨粉机)中粉碎,然后与预热的空气混合,最后充入燃烧室中燃烧。
燃烧室包含一个复杂的管道,抽上的水灌输到一个叫锅炉的设备中,锅炉里面水的温度逐渐上升直至它们成为水蒸气。
水蒸气被送至汽轮机中,与此同时,燃烧的废气(烟道气体)通过物理和静电除尘装置除掉99%以上的固体颗粒(灰尘)在通过烟囱或烟囱体排放出去之前。
第二段:刚刚描述的单元,是输入煤粉,空气和水输出水蒸气的单元,这几个方面的系统被统称为蒸汽发电机组,或燃烧室,或者蒸汽发生器。
当考虑根据是燃烧过程的时候常用“燃烧室”这个术语,同时当考虑因素是水汽循环时,“蒸汽发生器”这个术语被更频繁的使用。
水蒸气的3500磅/平方英寸的典型气压和华氏零下1050度的条件,是通过控制和停止(关闭)汽轮机阀门来提供的。
整齐的热能转化为水轮机的机械能。
从排气机中排出的蒸汽在热交换器中成为冷凝器中冷却形成水,再次被泵抽回锅炉里。
通过调节蒸汽的流量变化来控制涡轮发电机的输出。
截止阀具有保护作用,它通常是完全开放的,但可以“跳闸”关闭,以防止汽轮机发电机组超速,使电力输出突然下贱(由于断路器的行动)和控制阀不关闭。
第三段:图8-1表明的是一个单阶段汽轮机,但在实际中一个更加复杂的多级排列被使用以便能实现相对较高的热效率。
一个典型的多级排列如图8-2所示。
它包括四个有着不同蒸汽气压的汽轮机机械地耦合串联在一起。
用常规的概述就是高压蒸汽来自锅炉然后进入高压汽轮机。
在之前离开高压汽轮机的水蒸气回到锅炉(再热器)地区,然后送往中压汽轮机。
专业英语翻译作业
专业英语翻译作业Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements.(我们)通常认为水是由两种元素组成的化合物Produced by electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to took aside a patient’s body.x射线是由电子产生的,它能让医生看到病人的身体It is said that all matters is made up of atoms.(主语从句)据说,所有的物质都是由原子组成的。
Ancient people believed it to be true that the sun turned around the earth.(宾语从句)古代的人们相信太阳围绕地球旋转是千真万确的。
Why don’t we fall off the earth? The answer is t hat gravity keep s us from falling off.(表语)我们为什么不会从地球上掉下来?答案是因为有地球引力。
We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself.(同位语)我们都熟悉这样一个事实:自然界中没有一个物体会自发开始运动或自发停止运动。
Fluids comprise both liquids and gases, the most common examples of which are water and air.(定语)流体包括液体和气体,最常见的例子是水和空气The body must dissipate heat as fast as it produces it.(状语)人体散发热量必须和产生热量一样快Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.经历了18和19两个世纪直至今日,这种新的趋势是(人们)把住宅安排在城市的近郊,但把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。
化学化工专业英语翻译1
专业英语第一篇文章翻译
Historical Development of Matertials and TechnologyThe common engineering materials include metals, cementing materials, concrete building stones, clay products, insulating materials, timber. Some of them are described here from the stand-point of occurrence, manufacture, properties, methods of testing, and use.The development of materials with improved properties is a vital phase of engineering. Progress in engineering construction has been dependent on the availability of materials of suitable physical properties in large quantities; for example, the development of the modern automobile was critically dependent on availability of high quality alloy steels, and the all-metal airplane was made possible by the development of light weight high-strength alloys.◆Phase: 相;阶段。
◆a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part ofsomething's developmentExample:phase two of the development is in progress.◆第二阶段开发正在进行中。
(完整word版)英语专业综合英语1翻译句子
综英翻译UNIT71) 我爬上峭壁,以便饱览大海的景色。
(scramble)I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.2) 他向窃贼猛扑过去,为夺取武器与之争斗。
(lunge)He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3) 我认为我国国民经济将继续快速增长。
(figure)I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4) 董事长力图让股东们放心,公司业绩不佳的情况不会再发生。
(reassure)The president (chairman) made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad results would never occur again (would not be repeated).5) 别像个孩子似的,要控制住你自己。
(pull oneself together)Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together.6) 他是个非常隐秘的人,从不向任何人透露自己的秘密。
(confide in)Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7)我们憎恨恐怖分子对普通人不加区别的施暴行为。
(indiscriminate)We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8) 这个国家有许多人对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到惊慌。
(alarm)Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.9) 我们预料敌人可能设法过河,所以我们把桥摧毁了。
专业英语翻译+(1)
物料钛(Ti)titanium钛白粉Titanium dioxide钛精矿Titanium ore concentrate钛铁矿ilmenite金红石型钛白粉Rubile Titanium dioxide锐钛型钛白粉Anatase titanium dioxide压缩空气Compressed air酸性溶液Acid solution矿粉Powdered ore矿渣Slag铁粉(Fe)iron powder石灰石limestone聚丙烯酰胺(PAM) polyacrylamide磷酸三钠(Na3PO3)trisodium phosphate六偏磷酸三钠sodium hexametaphosphate工业盐industrial salt铝粉(Al)aluminium powder氢氧化钾(KOH)Potassium Hydroxide磷酸(H3PO3)phosphoric acid浓碱concentrated alkali盐酸(HCl)hydrochloric acid硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3)aluminium sulphate偏铝酸钠(NaAlO)Sodium Aluminate硫酸锆(Zr(SO4)2·4H2O )zirconium sulfate 硅酸钠(NaSiO)sodium silicate新鲜水fresh water循环水recirculated water脱盐水demineralized water过热蒸汽superheated steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam液化气Liquefied gas煤coalBackwater 循环水,回水;污水,废液Barrow 矿皮,弃矿装置原料进料斗Raw material feeder hopper单斗装载机Single-bucket loaders手动出口插板阀Manual export flapper valve粉矿贮仓进料插板阀Fine ore silo feed flapper valve手动单轨起重机Manual Monorail Cranes斗式提升机Bucket elevator磨矿系统Rubbing system进料链式输送机Feeding chain type conveyer出料链式输送机Leaves the material chain type conveyer 星型给料器Star feeder钢管steel tube钢制压力容器Steel pressure vessel管道pipe仪表Instrument专用机械设备Special-purpose Machinery离心泵centrifugal pump阀门valve电气Electricity压滤机press filter框式压滤机frame filter press煅烧炉calcinator 、calciner湿磨机wet grinder:['graində]磨粉机pulverizer 英音:['pʌlvəraizə]美音:['pʌlvə,raɪzɚ]过程名词氯化法chloride process :['klɔ:raid],chlorination process,英音:[klɔ:ri'neiʃn] 美音:[klorɪ'neʃn]硫酸法sulfuric acid process :[sʌl'fju:rik][ˈprəuses]原矿粉碎Ore crushing ['krʌʃiŋ]酸解Acidolysis [,æsi'dɔlisis]酸解工序Acidolysis process [,æsi'dɔlisis][ˈprəuses]沉降过滤Sedimentation filtration真空结晶vacuum crystallization [ˈvækjuəm] ['kristəlai'zeiʃən]亚铁分离Ferrous separation [ˈferəs] [ˌsepəˈreiʃən]控制过滤filtration control :[fil'treiʃən]钛液浓缩Titanium concentrated水解hydrolyzing :['haidrəlaiziŋ]一次水洗First washed漂白whiten二次水洗second washed盐处理Salt treatment窑前压滤Filter pressing Before the kiln煅烧calcining晶相煅烧calcining phase粉碎comminution :[,kɔmi'nju:ʃən]中间粉碎Middle comminution润湿砂磨wet grinding ['graindiŋ]无机包膜Inorganic coating三次水洗Third washed闪蒸干燥Flash drying有机包膜organic coating包装package散装钛铁矿来自厂外Bulk ilmenite from outside the factory Backrush 回流Backwash 喷流,尾流,倒流Bell 漏斗Bellow 风机Bend 弯头,弯管;弯曲其他名词阿克苏诺贝尔Akzo Nobel电electricity [iˌlekˈtrisiti]原矿工序Undressed ore working procedure比例Proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən]设计项目Design project工程project成品productBasicity 碱度,碱性。
大学英语专业 综合教程1 翻译部分
U1 7。
301.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。
(confront)He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们,使我们几乎哭出声来。
(touch)His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3.他们俩手挽手沿着河边散步,有说有笑。
(hand in hand)The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank , chatting and laughing4.听到这令人激动的消息之后,他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。
(well up)When he heard the exciting news , tears of joy welled up in his eyes.5.上海人容易听懂苏州话,因为上海话和苏州话有许多的共同之处。
People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease , for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年之内买一幢新房子。
(look into)Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造,他最终让步了。
(give in to)He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。
计算机专业英语-1-8英语翻译
Chapter 11.multi-core processor(多核处理器)------It is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processing units called “cores”, which are the units that read and execute program instructions.它是集成了两个或两个以上称为“核”的处理单元的计算部件,具有读取和执行程序指令的单元。
2.graphics processing unit(GPU)(图形处理单元)------A graphics processing unit, also occasionally called visual processing unit(VPU),is a specialized processor. It is designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.它是一个图形处理单元,有时也被称为视觉处理单元VPU,一个专门的处理器。
它的设计目的是快速地操作和改变内存,以加速在帧缓冲区中创建图像,以便显示输出。
3.Wearable computer(可穿戴电脑)------A wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer or wearable ,is a miniature electronic device that is worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.穿戴式电脑,也被称为人体电脑或穿戴电脑,是一种微型电子设备,由持有者佩戴在身上或者衣服上。
英语专业综合英语一课文翻译
Unit1: Translation exercises1. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2. His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3、People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.4、Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.5. The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.6. When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.7. He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8. We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.9. Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10. At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.Unit2:Translation exercises1Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.2、It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.3、Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids,for all your lessons as well as all the questions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen.4.、Xiao Zhang’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately.5、He failed in the college entrance examination last year,but he did not feeldisappointed.Instead,he continued to study hard,passed the examination successfully and become a student in famous university this year.6、There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.7In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement s of our work.8With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss.9、Although she is only 8 years old,the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions.No wonder her parents feel proud of her.10、All the neighborhood have heard of the news,but you haven't.Don't you think it is strange?Unit31.I am sorry I am late,but I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away.2.At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.3. She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.4.The nurse told me that the doctors had done wonders for your heart disease.5.When awarding the prize, the chairman comlimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years.7.The crowd demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.8.Since punctuality is such a good habbit,we should pay close attention to it and make every effort to cultivate it.9.The old man cherishes that girl,as if she were his own daughter.10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.Unit 4.1. 1.It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability.2. 2.The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.3. 3.The agreement signed will break down all the barriers to free trade.4. 4.It was a very difficult situation,but he handled it very successfully.5. 5.He is my best friend.I just can’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help.6. 6.So long as you work hard,you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner orlater.7.7.Although he hates the job,yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money tosupport the family.8.8.That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease,persisted in combatingit,and conquered it in the end.9.9.This university has a staff of more than 2000,including about 150 professors and over 500associate professors.10.10.The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.Unit51. 1.That psychiatrist who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violatingprofessional ethics.2. 2.Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings,which inspire and urgepeople to exert themselves.3. 3.All kinds of commodities are available.Nothing is in short supply.4. 4.We all trust the president for his absolute integrity.5. 5.Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. 6.The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7.7.When I saw that he was right,I had to back down.8.8.She has been appointed sales manager,for she is both clever and diligent.9.9.One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs.10.10.The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.Unit61. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.2.Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you,already in your thirties,still have to depend on your old parents?3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financialissue.4.With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the comingweekend.5.whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.6.Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.7.No matter what efforts the government has made,the price for housing has barely declined.8.In order to pass TOEFL,he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to Englishstudies.9.With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.10.It is believed that siblings jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.Unit71.I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.2.He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3.I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4.The chairman made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad resultswould not be repeated.5. Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together!6. Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7.We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8.Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.9. We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed thebridge.10. I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success. Unit81.At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much;they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.2.The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her curly hair unmercifully.4.He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.5. He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.6. I took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.7.They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.8.I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.9. I don’t know why telling her the news brought a lump in my throat.10.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.Unit91.Towering above all others,this mountain peak commands a fine view.2.I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children.3.Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly,but Tom teased her about her curly hair unmercifully.4. The government is determined to avoid at all costs a sharp rise in food price.5. He tried his best to save the drowning boy, but in vain.6. That old woman is always interfering in other people’s affairs.7.After having several influential papers published,he became quite distinguished in the academic world.8.Pollution is so serious in this area that the villagers can hardly find any water that is fit for drinking.9.I packed a suitcase with all the things that might be needed.10. We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.Unit101.2. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with.4.Scissors,knives,matches,and medicine must be kept beyond the reach of children.5.I always keep a sum of at least 1.000yuan on hand, in case of an emergency.6.Honest people despise lies and liars.7. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.8. Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak,up to their necks in debt.9.He is a man that always mouths fine words about people to their faces and speaks ill of them behind their backs.10.I was greatly scared by the zest demonstrated by those radicals.Unit111.They hoped to save their marriage by giving birth to a child.2. Secret service men escorted the President and his family everywhere they went.3. The presidentia l candidate’s speech was often punctuated now and then by outbursts ofapplause from the audience.4. As soon as the news of victory came, there was great rejoicing all over the country.5.The tertiary industry in our country has been developing by leaps and bounds since the reform and opening drive started.6.The priest preached a sermon to the congregation on the need for charity.7.In order to/To maintain his dignity the employee didn’t kneel on his knees in front of theoverbearing boss.8.When the chairman announced the election results,the meeting hall broke into a sea of great joy,with the whole assembly clapping and cheering.9.He has a very bad reputation,for he often takes other people’s names in vain.10. The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.Unit 121. I marvel at the poet’s ability to express nuances of different feelings.2.Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment,it is your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your English studies.3.As English majors,we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle diffrences between word meaning.4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year.5. It is unfair to indentify popular culture with vulgar culture.6. He believes that a person should be noble-minded, but not money-oriented all the time.7.The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum.8.The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the construction of a new gymnasium.9.But for his personal visits to the third-world countries,he would not have believed such disparity in the living standars between the rich and the poor.10.No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB,not even to the last day.Unit131. The airport authorities request that every passenger keep an eye on his/her own belongings.2.Although he was diagnosed with stomach cancer,he still took an optimistic attitude toward life.3.His teacher advised him not to eat so much junk food.4. With a high sense of responsibility, the teacher gave his life in order to save his students.5.His comrades did whatever they could for his release from the prison,and they succeeded.6.The sudden financial tsunami has stripped quite a number of people of their property.7.My secretary is looking for this or that all the time,for she is always misplacing her things.8. After drifting into the woods, he was greatly amazed at the scene in front of him.9.So far no effective remedy for the addiction to the Internet has been found.10. In view of the serious employment situation, many university graduates voluntarily go and work in the remote areas.Unit141.He possesses some fine traits:he has refined and gentle manners;he is kind and generous to others;he is always modest and prudent;and he constantly perfects his work.2.A high crime rate that doesn’t seem to drop is a reflection of an unstable society.3. It is beyond doubt that Shanghai is fast becoming another financial center.4.Such a small gym can hardly meet the needs of such a large student body,amounting to about 3000.5.A person with reason instinctively knows what should be done and what should not be done.6. Despite hardships, she persisted in her efforts to complete her university education.7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,your chances to succeed will multiply.8. Xiao Wang works very efficiently, because he possesses strong professional competence and, moreover, he pays particular attention to the methods he employs.9. The so-called problem teens are not born to be problems. Very likely, it is because they lack parental and school discipline.10.The President of the university displays both professional competence and excellent leadership;therefore,he is very popular among the teachers and other staff members.。
英语专业翻译unit1
• 严复
– 《天演论》Evolution and Ethics and other essays 天演论》 天演论 (T.H. Huxley郝胥黎 郝胥黎) 郝胥黎
• 鲁迅 《死魂灵》Dead Souls《毁灭》《浊流》 200多部 • 茅盾 《医生》四十种外国文学译著,240余 篇译文 • 郭沫若 三十余种
• 明末清初的科技翻译:
– 1607 , 徐光启、利马窦 ( Matteo Ricci) 《几何原本》 古希腊人欧几里得 Euclid 《几何原本》 Elements
• 林纾 林纾(1852~1924) ~
– – – – La Dame aux Camelias, 《巴黎茶花女遗事》 巴黎茶花女遗事》 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 《黑奴呼天录》; 黑奴呼天录》; David Copperfield《块肉余生述》; 《块肉余生述》 Hamlet《王子复仇记》《鲁滨逊飘流记》 《王子复仇记》
Translation is indispensable to civilization.
• 西欧文明:“归功于翻译者”
• 季羡林《中国翻译词典》: “中华文化这一条
长河,…… 但却从未枯竭。原因是有新水 注入 ….。最大的有两次, 一次是从印度来 的水,一次是从西方来的水。而这两次的 大注入依靠的都是翻译 翻译。中华文化之所以 翻译 能常葆青春,万应灵药就是翻译 翻译。” 翻译
• Comments: 明确--- task
• “翻译”
– 《辞海》《汉语大词典》
--- “把一种语言文字的意
义用另一种语言文字表达出来。”
• 在两种语言间转换意义
complicated “meaning”
• 刘宓庆 《现代翻译理论》“语际意义”---六种:概念(主题)
专业英语翻译1
第二课1)An atom's nucleus can be split apart。
When this is done, a tremendous amount of energy is released。
The energy is both heat and light energy。
Einstein said that a very small amount of matter contains a very large amount of energy。
This energy, when let out slowly, can be harnessed to generate electricity。
When it is let out all at once, it can make a tremendous explosion in an atomic bomb. 原子核能够分裂。
当原子核分裂完,将会释放巨大的能量。
这些能量既有热能也有光能。
爱因斯坦说过一个很小的物质也包含了很大的能量。
当这些能量被缓慢的释放时,可以用来发电。
当这些能量被迅速的释放时,那么能产生原子弹中的巨大的爆炸。
2)A nuclear power plant (As shown in Fig.3.6 ) uses uranium as a "fuel。
" Uranium is an element that is dug out of the ground many places around the world.。
It is processed into tiny pellets that are loaded into very long rods that are put into the power plant's reactor.核电站使用铀作燃料。
铀是一种在世界各地的许多地方都能挖出的一种元素。
测绘工程专业英语翻译Unit 1
Unit1 What is Geomatics? (什么是测绘学)Geomatics Defined(测绘学定义)Where does the word Geomatics come from?(Geomatics-测绘或地球空间信息学,这个名词是怎么来的呢?)GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and - MATICS for mathematical or GEO- forGeoscience and -MATICS for informatics. (大地测量学+地理信息学=GEOMATICS 测绘学或者 geo 代表地球,matics 代表数学,或者 geo 代表地球科学,matics 代表信息学)It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.(据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解)The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.(这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大;在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知,通常是以前的“大地测量学” 或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和 GIS 方向【或“基于 GIS”】的课程后重新命名的。
大学英语专业翻译作业
1)这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现。
It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself2)凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。
转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱,屋子里的别的东西,都隐在光云里;……Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light.3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊!它载着解放区人民的心,载着全中国人民的希望,载着我们国家的命运。
What a heavy load this aero plane bore! It carried the hearts of people of the liberated areas, the hopes of the entire Chinese people, and the destiny of our country.4)看着信,林震不禁独自笑起来了,他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”,准备在回信时告诉他们下次要避免别字。
5)人无千日好,花无百日红。
Man cannot be alwaysfortunate; flowers do not last forever.(1)6)除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间房呢。
一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。
我没那么好的记性。
大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。
电气工程专业英语翻译1
第六章Electric Power Systems 电力系统Section 1 Introduction 第一节介绍The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before. 现代社会的电力供应依赖于更多地比以往任何时候。
It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 它无法想象的世界应该是什么,如果电力供应中断了世界各地。
Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统(或电力能源系统),提供电力到现代社会,已成为不可缺少的组成部分产业界的。
The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 第一个完整的电力系统(包括发电机,电缆,熔断器,计量,并加载)的托马斯爱迪生所建-站纽约市珍珠街的历史始于1882年9月运作。
This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个半径直流系统组成的一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机面积约1.5公里至59供电范围内的客户。
英语专业综合英语一课文翻译
Unit1: Translation exercises1. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2. His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3、People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.4、Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.5. The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.6. When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.7. He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8. We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.9. Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10. At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.Unit2:Translation exercises1Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.2、It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.3、Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids,for all your lessons as well as all the questions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen.4.、Xiao Zhang’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately.5、He failed in the college entrance examination last year,but he did not feeldisappointed.Instead,he continued to study hard,passed the examination successfully and become a student in famous university this year.6、There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.7In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement s of our work.8With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss.9、Although she is only 8 years old,the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions.No wonder her parents feel proud of her.10、All the neighborhood have heard of the news,but you haven't.Don't you think it is strange?Unit31.I am sorry I am late,but I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away.2.At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.3. She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.4.The nurse told me that the doctors had done wonders for your heart disease.5.When awarding the prize, the chairman comlimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years.7.The crowd demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.8.Since punctuality is such a good habbit,we should pay close attention to it and make every effort to cultivate it.9.The old man cherishes that girl,as if she were his own daughter.10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.Unit 4.1. 1.It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability.2. 2.The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.3. 3.The agreement signed will break down all the barriers to free trade.4. 4.It was a very difficult situation,but he handled it very successfully.5. 5.He is my best friend.I just can’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help.6. 6.So long as you work hard,you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner orlater.7.7.Although he hates the job,yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money tosupport the family.8.8.That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease,persisted in combatingit,and conquered it in the end.9.9.This university has a staff of more than 2000,including about 150 professors and over 500associate professors.10.10.The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.Unit51. 1.That psychiatrist who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violatingprofessional ethics.2. 2.Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings,which inspire and urgepeople to exert themselves.3. 3.All kinds of commodities are available.Nothing is in short supply.4. 4.We all trust the president for his absolute integrity.5. 5.Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. 6.The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7.7.When I saw that he was right,I had to back down.8.8.She has been appointed sales manager,for she is both clever and diligent.9.9.One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs.10.10.The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.Unit61. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.2.Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you,already in your thirties,still have to depend on your old parents?3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financialissue.4.With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the comingweekend.5.whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.6.Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.7.No matter what efforts the government has made,the price for housing has barely declined.8.In order to pass TOEFL,he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to Englishstudies.9.With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.10.It is believed that siblings jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.Unit71.I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.2.He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3.I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4.The chairman made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad resultswould not be repeated.5. Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together!6. Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7.We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8.Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.9. We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed thebridge.10. I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success. Unit81.At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much;they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.2.The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her curly hair unmercifully.4.He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.5. He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.6. I took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.7.They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.8.I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.9. I don’t know why telling her the news brought a lump in my throat.10.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.Unit91.Towering above all others,this mountain peak commands a fine view.2.I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children.3.Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly,but Tom teased her about her curly hair unmercifully.4. The government is determined to avoid at all costs a sharp rise in food price.5. He tried his best to save the drowning boy, but in vain.6. That old woman is always interfering in other people’s affairs.7.After having several influential papers published,he became quite distinguished in the academic world.8.Pollution is so serious in this area that the villagers can hardly find any water that is fit for drinking.9.I packed a suitcase with all the things that might be needed.10. We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.Unit101.2. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with.4.Scissors,knives,matches,and medicine must be kept beyond the reach of children.5.I always keep a sum of at least 1.000yuan on hand, in case of an emergency.6.Honest people despise lies and liars.7. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.8. Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak,up to their necks in debt.9.He is a man that always mouths fine words about people to their faces and speaks ill of them behind their backs.10.I was greatly scared by the zest demonstrated by those radicals.Unit111.They hoped to save their marriage by giving birth to a child.2. Secret service men escorted the President and his family everywhere they went.3. The presidentia l candidate’s speech was often punctuated now and then by outbursts ofapplause from the audience.4. As soon as the news of victory came, there was great rejoicing all over the country.5.The tertiary industry in our country has been developing by leaps and bounds since the reform and opening drive started.6.The priest preached a sermon to the congregation on the need for charity.7.In order to/To maintain his dignity the employee didn’t kneel on his knees in front of theoverbearing boss.8.When the chairman announced the election results,the meeting hall broke into a sea of great joy,with the whole assembly clapping and cheering.9.He has a very bad reputation,for he often takes other people’s names in vain.10. The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.Unit 121. I marvel at the poet’s ability to express nuances of different feelings.2.Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment,it is your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your English studies.3.As English majors,we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle diffrences between word meaning.4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year.5. It is unfair to indentify popular culture with vulgar culture.6. He believes that a person should be noble-minded, but not money-oriented all the time.7.The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum.8.The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the construction of a new gymnasium.9.But for his personal visits to the third-world countries,he would not have believed such disparity in the living standars between the rich and the poor.10.No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB,not even to the last day.Unit131. The airport authorities request that every passenger keep an eye on his/her own belongings.2.Although he was diagnosed with stomach cancer,he still took an optimistic attitude toward life.3.His teacher advised him not to eat so much junk food.4. With a high sense of responsibility, the teacher gave his life in order to save his students.5.His comrades did whatever they could for his release from the prison,and they succeeded.6.The sudden financial tsunami has stripped quite a number of people of their property.7.My secretary is looking for this or that all the time,for she is always misplacing her things.8. After drifting into the woods, he was greatly amazed at the scene in front of him.9.So far no effective remedy for the addiction to the Internet has been found.10. In view of the serious employment situation, many university graduates voluntarily go and work in the remote areas.Unit141.He possesses some fine traits:he has refined and gentle manners;he is kind and generous to others;he is always modest and prudent;and he constantly perfects his work.2.A high crime rate that doesn’t seem to drop is a reflection of an unstable society.3. It is beyond doubt that Shanghai is fast becoming another financial center.4.Such a small gym can hardly meet the needs of such a large student body,amounting to about 3000.5.A person with reason instinctively knows what should be done and what should not be done.6. Despite hardships, she persisted in her efforts to complete her university education.7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,your chances to succeed will multiply.8. Xiao Wang works very efficiently, because he possesses strong professional competence and, moreover, he pays particular attention to the methods he employs.9. The so-called problem teens are not born to be problems. Very likely, it is because they lack parental and school discipline.10.The President of the university displays both professional competence and excellent leadership;therefore,he is very popular among the teachers and other staff members.。
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苯乙醛:一种普遍草蛉的化学诱食剂(普通草蛉SL (=sensu lato (拉)广义地,在广义方面),脉翅目:草蛉)关键词:脉翅目,草蛉科,中华通草蛉,草蛉,引诱剂,苯乙醛摘要:在匈牙利和意大利的五个地点,与无诱引剂的陷阱相比,装有苯乙醛诱饵剂的陷阱吸引了显著较高数量(10至100 倍以上)的草蛉,这表明,这种化合物是一种诱食绿色草蛉。
装三个药剂分配器的陷阱获得的草蛉会比装一个的多,但五个测试地点,只有两个存在显著的差异。
这种装有苯乙醛的陷阱是粘成三角城还是做成漏斗状对捕获的虫子数量没有影响。
但是,漏斗陷阱可能更适应于捕捉活着的草蛉。
捕获的大多数试样物种属于普通草蛉的标本绝大多数属于复杂的。
广义来说在所有地点普通草蛉占了所有捕获量的大部分。
在一些地点3-11%的昆虫捕获的CH。
lucasina 拉克鲁瓦。
苯乙醛诱饵剂同时吸引雌雄虫,但普遍上雌虫多于雄虫。
在匈牙利,这种携带三个苯乙醛药剂分配器的漏斗状陷阱在整个季节都可以捕获到草蛉成虫。
引言在生物控制蚜虫,毛毛虫和其他作物害虫规模方面,常见的草蛉(广义来讲就是普通草蛉)是一种很重要的捕食者(麦克尤恩等人,2001年)。
合成的草蛉诱食剂可能被用于监测草蜻分布数量或操纵草蜻蛉密度。
Szentkirályi在2001年审核过这种草蛉诱引剂。
集中相对较少的具有引诱作用化合物包括甲基丁香酚(苏达坎宁安,1970年; Umeya和平尾,1975年),水杨酸甲酯(Molleman等,1997;詹姆斯,2003年),丁香油烃(弗林特等人,1979年),2 - 苯乙醇(朱等人,1999年)和一些化学方面还未定义得物质(麦克尤恩等,1994;哈里森和麦克尤恩,1998年)。
此外,在实验室嗅觉的生物活性测定中,拴绳子的雌草蛉大约总时间的70%飞向反应混合物,这种混合物被认为会产生吲哚乙醛(范埃姆登和哈根,1976年)。
这导致面范埃姆登和哈根在1976年提出吲哚乙醛是诱引剂,但是,他们从来没有在实验室或田里测试过这种合成的纯化合物。
在匈牙利田间诱捕雌性叶蛾的过程中,常见草蛉(普通草蛉种群集合体,脉翅目:草蛉科)也常常被苯乙醛(托特等,还未报道过)诱引剂捕获到。
大家都熟知用这种化合物在几种鳞翅目类(如克赖顿等,1973; Cantelo和雅各布森,1979年)上。
目前进行的研究就是为了证实和研究这种化合物对草蛉的吸引力。
在实验过程中,通过将几个地点和几种生态环境下的有引诱草蛉类的苯乙醛诱引剂和没有诱引剂的实验结果进行比较。
在可持续农业中,这种诱引剂,不管是与其他引诱剂结合,还是单独地,都有可能协助有害生物综合治理(IPM)战略中草蛉的管理。
材料与方法诱捕此实验日常采用的方法在关于信息素和诱引剂类似的研究(如阿恩等,1986; 罗洛夫斯和Cardé,1977)中也用到过。
实验是在匈牙利和意大利的五个地点做得。
诱捕器是悬空在大约1.5-1.7米的高度。
在树顶可以频繁看到草蛉扑向这个高度点。
经常看到这些飞行的绿色草蛉在树冠的高度。
每个处理的几个重复放在一个板块,单独的处理相聚5-8米(根据每个点得树之间的距离),板块之间的距离均在15-20米之间。
详情每一个实验:Halásztelek,虫害县,匈牙利:从2003年5月9日- 6月10日在一个樱桃园进行,6个重复板块。
每周检查两次诱捕结果。
LAK,尔绍德Abaúj - 曾普伦县,匈牙利:从2003年5月8日- 9月19日在一个杏果园进行测试,5个重复板块,每周检查两次诱捕结果。
钱皮诺(RM),意大利:从2003年5月14日- 7月1日在桃林测试,5个重复板块。
每周检查一次诱捕结果。
乌迪内- S.奥斯瓦尔多(UD),意大利:从2003年5月22日- 8月18日,两个地点测试,分别是苹果园和玉米地,每个4个重复板块。
每周检查一次诱捕结果萨萨里- 塞拉Secca(SS),意大利:从2003年5月21日- 8月13日橄榄树果园测试,有4个重复板块。
每周检查依次诱捕结果。
统计捕获量利用转(X +0.5)1 / 2(罗洛夫斯和Cardé,1977年)公式转换,然后进行方差分析分析。
根据盖姆斯和霍威尔试验方法(Games和豪威尔,1976年;Jaccard等,1984),处理方法是分开的。
其中一个处理没有捕到虫子,要删掉。
通常要用邦弗朗尼–邓恩测试方法(邓恩,1961年)来检查其他处理的平均捕获量值不显著异于零(也见表和图例)。
所有的统计程序均使软件包StatView® V4.01SuperANOVA® V1.11(珠算概念,公司,大学伯克利分校,美国)。
诱捕器类型所用的粘好的三角诱捕器是植物保护研究所(布达佩斯,匈牙利)生产标准的CSALOMON®RAG诱捕器。
在匈牙利,这种诱捕器是经常用于诱捕多种蛾类(Szöcs,1993;托特和Szöcs,1993年。
)。
诱捕器由透明塑料片(23 ×36厘米)折叠成三角棱镜(长23厘米,三面12厘米,两端打开)。
诱饵悬放在每个诱捕器中心的顶部,使诱饵底部粘面离大约1-2厘米。
昆虫进入诱捕器后,就会粘在诱捕器底部,也就是粘性衬垫(16 ×10厘米)。
漏斗诱捕器是植物保护研究所(匈牙利布达佩斯)生产的标准CSALOMON® VARL+的漏斗诱捕器,,最初是为捕获夜蛾而研究发明的(托特等,2000),并证明对一些其他蛾类也是适用的(Subchev等,2003)。
这个诱捕器由一个不透明的塑料漏斗(顶部开口外径:13厘米,漏斗孔直径:3厘米,漏斗高度:16厘米),20×20厘米平滑塑料上顶和下面一个圆形的透明塑料容器(约1公升容量;通过一个橡胶带系在漏斗上)。
诱饵是悬在上顶中间,放在略高于大漏斗开口上缘的位置。
在容器里放一小块家庭防蛀条(1 ×1厘米)(Chemotox®,莎莉,Temana国际有限公司,斯劳英国;有效成分15%敌敌畏)杀死捕获到的昆虫。
诱饵苯乙醛是从西格玛-奥德里奇卡夫食品公司(匈牙利布达佩斯)获得,根据供应商提供是高于95%的纯度。
将100毫克的苯乙醛诱饵被放置到一块1厘米的牙科卷(Celluron®,保哈特曼银海登海姆,德国),然后将整个放到0.02毫米线性聚乙烯箔制成的聚乙烯塑料袋(约1.0×1.5厘米)。
将药剂分配器加热熔口,系在8 ×1厘米的塑料柄上,以便装配诱捕器时能够简单操作处理。
单独将诱饵包裹在成片的铝箔片中,并在-18℃储存直至使用。
在田间,如果用诱饵诱捕鳞翅目类,按照通常的程序,每隔2-3周换一次诱饵。
结果(根据表1)聚乙烯袋里装有苯乙醛的诱引药剂分配器,诱捕器上带有这样一个或者三个聚乙烯袋会比没有装诱引剂的诱捕器捕获更高数量的草蛉。
在所有地点都获得了高数量的虫子(Halásztelek,LAK,钱皮诺,乌迪内玉米地),非常显著,这证实了这种化合物是一种草蛉的田间诱引剂(根据表1)可以假设,装有三个药剂分配器的化合物释放率是装有一个的约三倍,,就可以在每个实验中提供低和高剂量。
(诱捕器的尺寸决定了要使用三个以上的药剂分配器是不现实的)。
通常带有三个药剂分配器的诱捕器总会比带有一个的捕捉的更多数量的虫子,但这样差异只在Lak和乌迪内(玉米)这两个点显著(根据表1)。
这表明,单一的药剂分配器的释放速率吸引草蛉是足够的。
有可能三个药剂分配器的释放速率会更接近最佳效果,所以,捕获量上没有明显增长我们可以期待通过进一步增长剂量来解决。
粘好的三角形和漏斗状的诱捕器都能捕获到草蛉,而且这两种捕获器在捕获量上没有差异(根据表1,Halásztelek)。
比起粘三角形诱捕器,漏斗状诱捕器的优势在于诱捕到的昆虫更容易识别。
在未来,如果杀戮带不使用,这样的漏斗诱捕器会更适合捕捉活的草蛉。
诱捕到的绝大多数样本属于普通草蛉种群。
普通草蛉(广义讲)在所有地点的捕获量都是占据最大,在Halásztelek,LAK,乌迪内苹果园和乌迪内玉米地里,草蛉lucasina拉克鲁瓦分别占到11.6%,10.9%,7.7%和3.1%。
在钱皮诺和萨萨里(撒丁岛)捕获的所有样本都是普通草蛉(广义讲)。
尝试着把在Lak捕获的昆虫归属于近缘种,这种归类的依据是根据文献(蒂埃里等人,1992年,Duelli,1996年,Canard,委员会成员)按照说明(成虫形态特征描述)和多种形态类型(D.蒂埃里提供)和A. Bozsik采集到的鸣声变化(P.Duelli提供)(亨利等人,2002年)的样本的形态对比。
carnea S.L.拉克(这个地方捕获数目很大)试图把原因归结到特定基于描述近缘种(形态特征在文献和形态比较各种形态类型的凭证标本和曲变形。
将不合规则的和损坏的排除在外。
根据这些分析大部分样本属于史蒂芬斯草蛉亲近种标本大多数属于通道。
affinis斯蒂芬斯(former Ch.kolthoffi纳瓦斯;亨利等人,1998年)。
其他地点的采到的样本则没有尝试进行特征描述。
苯乙醛的诱饵抓住了雌雄草蛉,但普遍上雌性多于雄性(根据表1)。
带有三个药剂分配器的苯乙醛漏斗状诱饵器子在匈牙利整个季节都可以捕获到草蛉成虫(根据图1)。
讨论只有少数物质是对草蛉具有诱引作用(2001年由Szentkirályi审查)。
甲基丁香酚能够吸引草蛉种类进入诱捕器内(苏达和坎宁安,1970年; Umeya和平尾,1975年)。
水杨酸甲酯最初被实验用于梨木虱捕食者(Molleman等,1997)的实验,但是却发现能够吸引草蛉,特别是nigricornis斯特草蛉(詹姆斯,2003年)。
在另一项研究中,丁香油烃吸引草蛉(弗林特等人,1979年)。
丁香油烃是由大多数植物的绿叶产生的挥发性物质。
在匈牙利的筛选试验(托特,还未报道过)中,水杨酸甲酯和丁香油烃都不能被具诱引[聚乙烯药剂分配包用公式表示;丁香油烃、甲基水杨酸和未装诱剂的捕获平均值(±SE)分别是为0.05±0.03,0.03±0.02和0.03±0.02,和unbaited陷阱(F =0.146,P =0.864方差分析)]。
关于丁香油烃,我们还未发表的结果刚好支持了朱等人(1999年)的丁香油烃不能对草蛉不具诱引的说法。
在具可变因素的可耕作物田(麦克尤恩等,1994;哈里森和麦克尤恩,1998年),以色氨酸为基础的喷雾诱饵饵已被用来增加常见草蛉(广义讲就是普通草蛉),从某种程度上讲这可能是由于混杂因素的结果(即来自作物本身的任何竞争性的气味,猎物种群密度的影响,影响田间结果的自然天气条件)。