雅思精讲阅读班精讲班第1讲讲义
雅思英语写作
雅思基础写作精讲班第1讲讲义基础写作基本框架Procedure of writing:How to distribute the time of 40 minutes一、议论文真题类型分类：练习题目：1. Studying the English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn the language. Do you agree?2. To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use?3. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution.4. Discuss the causes and some effects of widespread drug use by young people in modern day society. Make any recommendations you feel are necessary to help fight youth drug abuse.5. Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives. But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they havecreated. To what extent do you agree or disagree?6. Intelligent machines such as robots are increasingly being used. They can do many things that used to be done by human. Discuss the benefits and dangers.7. In order to solve the problems of traffic jam and air pollution, government is determined to raise the price of petrol. Do you believe it isthe best way? What other methods can you recommend?确定关键词Procedure of writing:How to distribute the time of 40 minutes一、议论文真题类型分类：练习题目：1. Studying the English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn the language. Do you agree?2. To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use?3. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution.4. Discuss the causes and some effects of widespread drug useby young people in modern day society. Make any recommendations you feel are necessary to help fight youth drug abuse.5. Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives. But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they have created. To what extent do you agree or disagree?6. Intelligent machines such as robots are increasingly being used. They can do many things that used to be done by human. Discuss the benefits and dangers.7. In order to solve the problems of traffic jam and air pollution, government is determined to raise the price of petrol. Do you believe it is the best way? What other methods can you recommend?雅思基础写作精讲班第2讲讲义07年真题回顾2. 真题思路扩展brainstorming（1）specific: I. from abstract to personal: air travel, oneself study—group study, fast food-traditional food （2）general: economy, environment, efficiency, safety, pleasure, science and technology避开主题句错误类型3. 确定主题句：ascertain topic sentencesI. Some mistakes of the thesis statement or topic sentences:（1）The subject of this paper will be my parents.（2）My parents have been the most influential people in my life.（3）My parents had only one child.（4）My parents helped me grow in important ways, although in other respects I was limited.4. 开始动笔写作：1. format: block,2. pencil3. handwriting: clean and clear4. time control: 34m5. 装饰和改错：decoration and correction（1）After I cashed my paycheck. I treated myself to dinner.（2）The instructor told everyone in the room to be quiet his favorite show was on.（3）How you react to the incident reveal what side you stand on.（4）The crowd has surged forward, showing their excitement.（5）There are more and more people go abroad nowadays.（6）The student who had sat down quickly put on the headphones. 雅思基础写作精讲班第3讲讲义必备模板第二种模板形式(五段式）雅思基础写作精讲班第4讲讲义Mixed typesMethod:Successful introduction:1. “Knowledge is power,” wrote Francis Bacon long ago.Today college students are hard at study to acquire all kinds of skills, such as English, computer, and driving.People, however, cannot reach a general consensus on what subjects should be attached more importance to,academic or practical.( academic subjects Vs. practical subjects) (As the old saying goes)Art is long, life isshort;(Rudyard Kipling wrote) East is east, and West is west, and never the twain shall meet!; Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother; Knowledge isa treasure, but practice is the key to it; Knowledgeadvances by steps, not by leaps; Great works areperformed not by strength but by perseverance; Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.2. What can be done to solve the problem of watershortage? Surely, modern people frequently are plagued with this question. As for me, there are three methods as followings.（the problem of water shortage）3. Is the history of no avail to modern society? Recentdiscussions concerning the function of history haveraised some very real doubts in the minds ofcontemporary people. As far as I am concerned, we can benefit a lot form the past.(whether history is useful to cotemporary society)4. A recent survey reports that there were about one thirdof college graduates who could not find an ideal job in2005. This fact prompts us to make a thorough analysis of the root reason of this alarming phenomenon.(theissue of unemployment of graduates)5. It is generally agreed that the main responsibility ofteachers is to pass on knowledge to students. As a result, if students can do well in academic subjects, theirteachers are qualified enough. However, I assert thatassisting students in distinguishing right from wrong is more significant for teachers.(the relationship between students and teachers)6. With the development of computer technology, books, asa traditional medium, are more and more challenged.Many libraries are faced with such a dilemma, whether they should invest on computers or on books. With every aspect taken into consideration, I believe that to invest on computers would be a better choice.(investment inbooks or computers for a library)Successful body:1. One main reason for water shortage is lack of theawareness of water conservation. For example, moreoften than not we can come across such a phenomenon that a person turns a faucet on and forgets to turn it off.Precious water has been totally squandered. （theproblem of water shortage）2. Smoking should be banned without any hesitation for it israther detrimental to people’s health. Cigarette smokecontains nicotine, several cancer producing or irritatingsubstances and carbon monoxide gas. Damage to the lining of the bronchial tubes is much more among cigarettesmokers than non smokers, even when there is no obvious disease. Some of these changes are considered to bepre-cancerous. Lung function is generally reduced among cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking is a greater hazard than other factors---such as community air pollution—in the causation of lung cancer and chronic bronchitis.(nosmoking)3 Due to great strides of modern technology, dramatictransformations have taken place in our life. In the past, if we were anxious to contact friends, we had to drop in on them in person, which was inconvenient andtime-consuming. Now, fashionable cell phones can be an efficient bridge between acquaintances.(the benefit of modern technology)4. There are a lot of benefits of raising dogs. First, dogscontribute to the health of their owners. Often theirdemands for walks and play improve their owner’sexercise routine. In fact, statistics show that dog owners get more regular exercise than non-dog owners do. Also, they enhance health simply be being around to bepetted. Second, they provide a means for parents toteach their children responsibility. When parents givechildren a dog, they provide them the opportunity tofulfill the responsibilities of walking, feeding, and caring for its other needs. Finally and most important of all,dogs enhance the well-being and emotional stability of families. Older people who live alone especially rely on dogs to give them enjoyment and company. Childrenalso find a great deal of comfort in their dogs. As anexample, a family dog helps a little boy adapt when his mother leaves him with a sitter and goes towork..(advantage of keeping pets)5.lot of advantages. Firstly, after three or four years ofschooling, students can undoubtedly acquire valuableexpertise, which is essential to their future jobs. As weknow, through compulsory and optional courses,students lay a solid foundation in a particular field andare confident to solve the relevant problemsconfronted.(benefits of college education)6. By contrast, the opponents argue that its drawbacksshould not be ignored. For one thing, some existingmajors are so out of date that they serve no purpose for the future job. In such a dilemma, there is no doubt that graduation means exactly unemployment. If whatstudents learn in colleges is only theoreticalargumentation definitely unconnected with reality, what is the point in wasting such prime time? (drawbacks of college education)Successful conclusion:1. The extinction of species, the shortage of lumber anddrug ingredients, the reduction of oxygen and theincrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere all signal that we cannot afford to lose any moreforests.(protection of forests)2. To stop losing more forests, we should educate people,especially those who have destroyed and who are going to destroy forests for one reason or another, in why forestsmust exist on the earth. (protection of forests)雅思基础写作精讲班第5讲讲义写作的素材素材Topics:1. If a five-year old commits a crime, should his/her parents have the responsibility and are punished? What is the age of a child when parents no longer bear the responsibility for children's behavior? /Unlike other countries, police in UK donot carry guns. Some think it leaves citizen unprotected, while others think it reduces the overall violence in our society. Discuss both the views.2. We know that university graduates should earn higher salary than less well-educated members, so in this way they should pay all the full cost. /Quality of people that we need in our society can’t be learned in universities and other academic institutions. To what extent do you agree or disagree?3. International tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?/ Government should build new buildings in a traditional way in order to protect traditional culture.4. The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease the violent crimes in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? / Billions of money is spent on the space research. Some people say that it should be spent on improving the living standard of the people on the earth. Do you agree or disagree?5. Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, and the protection is a waste of resource. Agree or disagree? /Some people think killing animals for food is cruel and unnecessary and some people think is essential for dairy diet. To what extent what do you think about the both issues?6. Nowadays motorized flight is considered as the most important and influential invention in the world. Not any other invention has such a significant impact on our lives. Agree?/ Maintaining public library is a waste of money, because computer technology has already replaced its function. Do you agree or disagree?7. Traffic and housing problems in major cities could be solved by moving large companies and factories with their employees to the countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree?/ The environmental problem is so serious to most countries and individuals that it needs the international cooperation. Do you agree or disagree?8. Mass media have a significant influence on our life and this is a negative development. Do you agree or disagree?/ Do thenegative effects of some international media such as TV and magazine for example overweigh the positive effects?Topic Word:I.1. society: Society is flooded with unhealthy substance in the mass media, such as violence and pornography, therefore having inevitably downside effect on people, Citizens are preoccupied by money worship to make profits by hook or by crook; parents never discipline children strictly, divorce rate rockets, children are in need of solicitude, youngsters fall victim to prevalent domestic violence and are prone to aggressive impulse; students are heavily encumbered by knowledge acquisition, psychological education has been neglected, confronted with frustration, children have no efficient outlet to alleviate stress.素材（2）犯罪处罚2. Government should mount a crackdown on crime and bring criminals to justice, the aim is to reform those who have gone astray, offenders can turn over a new leaf and are endowed withproficiency in a particular line, inferiority complex and psychological shadow should be avoided, delinquents harbor vengeful sentiments against others and society as a whole, lawbreakers resume committing crimes or committing suicide.II.1. students can acquire academic qualification, learners can develop expertise, pupils have practical ability to apply what they have learned to society; campus and dormitory life instill discipline into students, living together can cultivate cooperation and strengthen the skill of interpersonal relationship, learners get tolerant of others, schooling can help students tell right from wrong2. course framework ought to be more flexible, such as more optional subjects rather than compulsory ones, interests can be aroused, subjects are practical and related to future jobs, learners should be more motivated, they have convenient access to relevant information of majors.III.1. advantage: cultures are mutually beneficial, theycan pool and share resources, the platform of exchange of ideas will assist diverse countries in comprehending actual state of affairs of distinct cultures, globalization will facilitate mutual understanding and dispel misunderstanding; disadvantage: the conflict between mainstream and marginal cultures will result in lesser-known cultures on the verge of extinction, the world is turned into a similar and monotonous entity.2. tradition is precious and unique, it symbolizes identity of a nation, people in the homeland are bristled with pride, for example, Forbidden City, fantastic buildings witness resplendent culture of feudalism, the Bastille, time-honored prison appreciates glorious history of French Revolution; peaceful coexistence between tradition and modernity should be guaranteed, tradition serves as places of tourist interests and boost the development of economy, we can invest money in the conservation of tradition and promote the education of protecting tradition.雅思基础写作精讲班第6讲讲义第四大主题1. the ultimate purpose of government is to serve the people, dispelling adverse substance is the obligation, authority should make overall planning and give consideration to the interests of all sides in adopting policies, it can exercise executive power if necessary.V.1. animals are in an unfavorable situation, they are entitled to the right of subsistence and deserve impartial treatment, it is unjustifiable to expropriate the right of living,2. humans enjoy the right of priority, in medical field, human beings can carry out clinical experiment on laboratory animals, they can achieve breakthrough in medical treatment, vivisection is justifiable.3. a reciprocal relationship is strongly recommended, equilibrium in biosphere and harmonious development can be beneficial to each other, they are indispensable to each other,1. white-hot technology transforms the life of drudgery into a convenient and comfortable one, entertainment at a finger’s click is not beyond our wildest dream, the means of communications, traffic, and information have been changed dramatically, humans are more confident about the future2. people adhere to hedonist philosophy and become indolent, declined ability is accompanying the progress; humans are heavily dependent on modern science, they become alienated, environment falls victim to advance of science and technology, environmental pollution has been aggravated.素材7VII.1. modern society are flooded with one-off products, such as chopsticks, shopping bags, and purified water bottles, some of them are non-biodegradable, industry, fossil fuel in industrial development is widely applied, petrol, coal, gas, the increase of carbon dioxide leads to global warming and air pollution, it will deplete ozone layer, farming, fertilizer andpesticide give rise to erosion of soil.2. government should pursue strict policy and popularize biodegradable packaging, coordination should be ensured among various countries, education will fire the masses with enthusiasm for environmental protection.VIII.1. Readers are thoroughly informed of current affairs, they can have access to up-to-date information and enjoy the right to know the truth, the freedom of speech will be guaranteed.2. Because of lack of professional ethics, shameless and unscrupulous journalists always carry gloomy news, such as murder, to promote circulation, paparazzo(singular), hordes of paparazzi(plural), invade privacy, chequebook journalism leads to sham news, the mass media follow the fashion and pander to the low taste, it encourages vulgar interests雅思基础写作精讲班第7讲讲义写作中必备的词汇和句式词汇和句式：第一:1.appalling/drug-related/commit/tackle crime, turn to crime: bored youngsters turn to crime. hardened criminal, teach criminals salutary lessons, unwilling victims, fall victim to,2.decent education, enter higher education, education authority, education resources, encyclopedic knowledge, broaden knowledge,3. alien/indigenous/dominant/mainstream culture, assimilate the culture, experience culture shock, a mutual exchange of ideas, facilitate communication, eco-friendly tourismernment agency/backing, guarantee equality, maximize efficiency, supplement meagre income,5.prove medically beneficial for human beings, endangered animals, laboratory animals, slaughter animals,6. white-hot technology, communication/telecommunications technology, treat the world with difference,7. safeguard the environment, damage the environment, environment issues/protection, pollution of the environment, fragile balance, sit in traffic jam, strike a balance8.tabloid journalism, fashion/literary/science journalism, the world of journalism, information bombard, create serious disturbance to people, accurate information, misleading advertisements, classified advertisements,第二：1. give rise to/lead to/arouse a heated discussion/perplexity; when it comes to.., it is commonly believed that…; one indisputable fact is that….;it goes without saying that…; it cannot be denied that…; recently, …has been brought into focus; with the rapid of development of…, …has gained an ever-increasing popularity in modern people’s life;…..is not strange to modern people.I assert…; in my opinion…; what I emphasize is that…;2. the reasons are multiple, it is manifest that…., it is conceded that…, in other words, that is to say, for example.3. from what has been discussed above…, taking into account all the points.., from the above-mentioned facts,.. I am convinced that..第四种词汇第三：alarming issue/ thorny problem, crucial reason/contributing factor, profound impact/ disruptive influence, charismatic culture/ time-honored tradition, beneficialinterest/spectacular result, persistent effort/genuine dilemma, pollution prevention/prevailing attitude, efficient solution/mass production, harmoniousrelationship/sustainable development, rosy picture/ monotonous routine, infallible methodology, severepenalty/impending crisis, draconian measure/appropriate punishment, widespread phenomenon/current situation, rampant corruption/petty crime, improperly undoubtedly, inevitably, indiscriminately, absolutely, responsibly第四：1.In addition/additionally: Computers provide efficient work. In addition, they make our life more colorful.Furthermore/further: This method can, furthermore, be used in environmental protection. Moreover: private cars are cheap and, moreover, it can improve our life. In other words: Killing live animals is cruel, a murder in other words.2． Hence: The cost of transport is a major expense for a person. Hence job location is an important consideration. Consequently: Globalization is a widespread phenomenon and consequently the domestic culture has been affected. Thereupon: Nature will revenge on humans. Thereupon people begin to realize the power of nature.3．Whereas: Smoking is something personal whereas it will affect others’ right. Conversely: S ome policemen prefer to carry guns when on duty; conversely others are reluctant to do that.4．Although/though: Although some young men really have no idea of what a new culture is, they absorb it without any reservation. Granted: Granted that the deed is not perfect, the disadvantages are outweighed by the advantages.5. for example, specifically: Specifically, the departmentwanted answers to the following questions.6. On condition that: Television enrich our lives a lot on condition that we are not addicted to it. Given that: Given that pets have become an indispensable part of some people’s life, the key is to coordinate the relationship between them.雅思基础写作精讲班第8讲讲义第六种词汇positive words:1. strive for a harmonious society/greater efficiency/striveto do something争取2. take suitable/timely steps to address this problem.采取合适/及时的措施3. top the central government's agenda.位于…最重要的位置4. assist sb in sth.在…方面帮助5. play an increasingly more integral role in wealthdistribution.起到越来越整体的作用6. contribute to sth/doing做出贡献7. implement the policy执行8. exert a positive/baneful effect on9. embark on reform and opening开始做…10. t ake initiative to eliminate negative effects.主动做…11. l aunch a spate of stringent measures发动，采取12. n avigate one’s way through the difficult situation.通过13. P roblems triggered by income composition are easy toresolve.解决/ muster enough resolve to quit smoking.鼓起勇气/Distribution of wealth is tainted and distorted by corruption must be redressed.纠正14. P roblems arising from development-based factors can berelieved and eased.减轻/ improve and ease减轻 thedifficulties and frustrations faced by travelers15. e liminate/ weed out 消除the structure of unscientificdesign.16. u tilize利用 their rich resources.17. i mprove/upgrade/optimize改善 the conditions18. f acilitate 推动the country's future sustainabledevelopment.19. b oost 推进the employment20. s houlder 承担起greater social responsibilities/bridge 消除，减少the cultural differences./ sth is mirrored by被反映21. m ake a difference有很重要的作用22. a vail oneself of something利用23. a bide by traffic rules遵守24. e nhance their job opportunities/enrich one’s life丰富，提高25. a spire to careers in finance/aspire to study abroad努力想要26. v oice their support for the movement表示了27. m ake efforts to do努力做事情28. h elp with 帮助weight loss and control; improve 改善fitness; reduce 减少stress, and of course save 节省money on petrol and parking.29. m inimize 减轻air and noise pollution, traffic accidents,oil consumption, road repairs and beautifies cities. 30. T hose measures, coupled with 与…一起advanced science andtechnology, will be taken without any delay.31. H ouse prices will start to calm down, saving the sector.下降32. T he current campaign to curb控制 the use of tobacco shouldbe stepped up.加速33. n urture/ cultivate a great number of learned people/培养，培育34. F igures released 公布on World No Tobacco Day serve as asource of frustration for everyone who wants to curb smokingin China.35. a slew of/a spate of/ a skyrocketing number of多数量第五：negative words:1. fail to do没能做…2. be a heache to…对于..是个难题3. pose a potential threat to residents' health.有潜在的威胁4. mean a formidable battle to do艰苦的斗争5. is now confronted with the same question that haunts/ beplagued with/be afflicted with (overpopulation/youth drug abuse/traffic accidents) 受到…问题的困扰6. be detrimental to sth对..有害7. focus attention on/bring something to somebody's attention引起…注意8. be blind to this point注意不到，忽视9. be of no avail没有用处10. crack down on(严厉的处罚) smoking in public places andpenalize(处罚) those who sell cigarettes to juveniles.11. exert a negative effect on sth有负面的影响12. exacerbate income disequilibrium/ The situation wascompounded by…加剧了13. squander natural resources浪费14. deprive sb of sth剥夺15. We believe that car tax should be scrapped.废除16. If it is hard to rein in控制17. The move has aroused controversy引起争论18. Apart from that, numerous factors are to blame for thecurrent situation. 责备19. We must stop pampering children纵容20. take various measures to tackle such malpractices处理玩忽职守21. Air pollution has turned into a major hazard affecting urbanresidents' quality of life. 巨大的危险影响了.22. an apparent total lack of明显的完全缺乏23. social and economic disequilibrium/ gauge(衡量) incomeinequality/disparity不平衡24. the severity of the pollution levels严重性25. lung damage and respiratory problems肺部损害以及呼吸问题26 be mind-boggling/ a problem of mind-boggling complexity令人难以置信的27. People cannot help but wonder why efforts to cut the numberof smokers have proven to be so futile. 没有效果的28. Smokers are six times more likely to be infertile（不生育的）and have a greater chance of becoming disabled,（残疾的） while women who smoke have a higher chance ofcontracting（得…病） breast cancer.29. looming environmental and public health disaster逐渐显现的30. leave others to the mercy of market forces受到..控制31. The abuse（滥用） of power for financial gain veils behind(隐藏)monopolies32. a hard nut to crack is that..困难是…33. Emissions from car exhausts have been found to be one ofthe major sources of urban air pollution. 尾气的排放34. carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide二氧化碳，一氧化碳35. We have no reason to be optimistic about the improvementof urban air quality. 对..不乐观第六：同义必备词：66. youth, teenager, minor, fledgling67. the old, elderly, grizzled, grey-headed68. conserve, preserve保存，如：We must conserve our waterresources for future generations.69. assure, ensure(insure), guarantee, pledge, avouch保证，如：Government should assure consumers of the quality of commodities. /It is important to insure that universities have enough funds to carry out important research inscience subjects./ The law guarantees equal rights for men and women./ The new government pledged to reduce crime./ Some criminals avouched that they themselves wereinnocent.70. Ideal, aspiration(beyond normal expectation), ambition(aparticular end)理想，雄心71. compare with/to, contrast, analogize(elaboration on thefunction of families in social life, sociologists like to analogists them to the cells of a human body.) 比较72. change, alter, modify(change of function), convert into,transform(appearance),改变73. argue, controversy(long-continued argument),dispute(angry manner), debate(formal argument)争论74. standard, criterion, gauge, yardstick标准75. inevitable, inescapable, unavoidable难免76. wealth, property, assets, fortune财富77. attend, take part in, participate in(formal), partake in,join in,参与。
IELTS READING第一讲(new)雅思阅读概述
Locating Words
Ⅰ Principles of locating words
If the words appeared in the text constantly repeated, it is not the locating words; There shouldn’t be too much locating words; Better the locating words in the text and questions are the same; if changes happens, better it is easily identified.
Easily Identified Locating Words
2. Different kinds of Proper Nouns (in Capital Letter) Example 2
Question: Opponents of smoking financed the UCSF study… Text: A more recent study by researchers and the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that…
Key Words
If the words appear in the text several times, those words are not key words. Because of its outstanding characteristics(特殊性和细节 性), key words are the words appear in the text underfrequency. 文章中多次出现的语汇不是关键词。越细节越 特殊的词，在文章中出现的频率越低，一旦找 到，它旁边的信息很可能就是考点了。
雅思阅读精讲-READING-PASSAGE-1
Why pagodas don’t fall downAIn a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly flimsiest 不结实的; 易损坏的(原型flimsy)old buildings —500 or so wooden pagodas宝塔—remain ed standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. (第1题)Those that have disappeared were destroyed by fire as a result of lightning or civil war. The disastrous损失惨重的Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people,topple d elevated highways, flatten ed使…成为平地office blocks and devastate d 毁灭; 摧毁the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed未受损伤; 未遭伤害(第2题) though it levelled夷平a number of buildings in the neighborhood.Topple: ~ (over) be unsteady and fall 不稳而倒下:The pile of books toppled over onto the floor. 那一摞书倒在地板上了.B Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors.（第3题）With its special shock absorbers 减震器to dampen 抑制the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo — Japan's first skyscraper 摩天楼— was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968.【重要词汇】mystify/ ˈmɪstɪfaɪ; ˋmɪstəˏfaɪ/ v(pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sb) confused through lack of understanding; puzzle; bewilder 使（某人）困惑不解; 使迷惑: I'm mystified; I just can't see how he did it. 我大惑不解, 就是不明白他是怎麽做到的. * her mystifying disappearance她神秘的失踪.dampen (down )to make something such as a feeling or activity less strongThe light rain dampened the crowd's enthusiasm.Raising interest rates might dampen the economy.to make a sound or movement less loud or strongThe spring dampens the shock of the impact.C Yet in 826, with only pegs短桩and wedges楔子to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic雄伟的Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky —nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later. Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settleitself rather than fight nature's forces.（第4题）But what sort of tricks?D The multi-storey pagoda came to Japan from China in the sixth century. As in China, they were first introduced with Buddhism and were attached to important temples. (第9题) The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtower s（第5题和第7题）瞭望塔. When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions —they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispense d（第5题）免除，省掉with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object. Because of the typhoons that batter接连猛击Japan in the summer, Japanese builders learned to extend the eave s屋檐of buildings further beyond the walls.（第6题）This prevents rainwater gush ing 流出, 泻出, 涌出down the walls. Pagodas in China and Korea have nothing like the overhang that is found on pagodas in Japan.【重要词组】dispense with sb/sth manage without sb/sth; get rid of sb/sth 用不着某人[某事物]; 摆脱某人[某事物]: He is not yet well enough to dispense with the pills. 他尚未痊愈, 仍需吃药.adapte (oneself) (to sth) become adjusted to new conditions, etc 适应（新环境等）: Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境.【重要词汇】overhang / ˈəuvəhæŋ; ˋovɚˏhæŋ/ n part that overhangs 悬垂的部分: a bird's nest under the overhang of the roof房檐下的鸟巢.E The roof of a Japanese temple building can be made to overhang the sides of the structure by fifty per cent or more of the building's overall width.（第8题）For the same reason, the builders of Japanese pagodas seem to have further increased their weight by choosing to cover these extended eaves not with the porcelain瓷tile s 瓦of many Chinese pagodas but with much heavier earthenware陶器tiles.【难句解析】The roof of a Japanese temple building can be made to overhang the sides of the structure by fifty per cent or more of the building's overall width.句子结构the roof… can be made to….by…日本寺庙的屋顶可以被建造成各面都延伸出庙宇本身，延伸的范围在该寺庙整体宽度的50%或者更多。
新东方雅思写作讲义
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version －Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it ma de______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health.Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2)(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong.Some people hold the opinion that ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________While some argue that ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3)(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement You should use your own experience to support your argument.According to some __________, air travel should be _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5Some people propose that___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4)(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punishedAverage Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished. Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefully teach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpointsFrom my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5)Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6)3. Report－Introduction写作对策Today, the phenomenon that_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern.In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1:Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to studyExercise3: Topic－欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG:Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version －分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。
雅思5.5基础课程阅读讲义-ielts-5.5-reading
雅思5.5根底阅读课程讲义UNIT 1 Education (3)UNIT 2 Food (5)UNIT 3 Health (8)UNIT 4 Media (10)Locating Information (15)UNIT 5 Practice 1 (18)UNIT 6 Advertising (20)UNIT 7 Learning to Speak (29)Summary Completion (31)UNIT 8 The Environment (31)Short Answers (34)UNIT 9 Sponsorship in Sport (34)UNIT 10 Practice 2 (39)Flowchart-Timeline Completion (41)UNIT 11 Transport (41)UNIT 12 Travel (49)UNIT 13 Technology (56)Labelling a Diagram (58)Unit14 Money (59)UNIT 15 Practice 3 (66)Multiple Choice (68)Labelling a Diagram (71)UNIT 17 Social Issues (72)IELTS Type Questions: Reading: for Details and for Main Ideas (74)Table Completion (74)UNIT 20 Practice 4 (80)Note Completion (82)UNIT 1 EducationEducation over the past 100 yearsAThe education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society. These ideas change as local customs and attitudes change, and these changes are reflected in the curriculum, teaching and assessment methods and the expectations of how both students and teachers should behave.词汇讲解：curriculum n. 教学大纲；reflect v. 反映；反射；assessment n. 评价；BTeaching in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very different from today. Rules for teachers at the time in the USA covered both the teacher's duties and their conduct out of class as well. Teachers at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor shou ld they ‘keep company with men.' They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye their hair. They were not allowed to loiter downtown in an ice cream store, and women were not allowed to go out in the evenings unless to a school function, although men were allowed one evening a week to take their girlfriends out if they went to church regularly. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible, and they were given a pay increase of 25c a week after five years of work for the local school.词汇讲解：manner n. 行为守那么；be expected to：被预期…表示将来时：be expected tobe predicted tobe perspective toCAs well as this long list of ‘dos' and ‘don'ts,' teachers had certain duties to perform each day. In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the children to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated about the content of the teaching, nor about assessment methods.DTeachers would have been expected to teach the three ‘r’s—reading, writing and arithmetic, and to teach the children about Christianity and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal punishment such as a stick or the strap on naughty or unruly children, and the children would have sat together in pairs in long rows in the classroom. They would have been expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copying long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums. Farming children in country areas would have had only a few years of schooling and would probably have left school at 12 or 14 years of age to join their parents in farm work.词汇讲解：arithmetic：算数；literacy：文学，阅读；religious：的；discrimination：歧视；religious discrimination：歧视。
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。
要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。
普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。
两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。
类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。
一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。
学术类写作TASK 1（ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE）要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
时间20分钟。
普通培训类写作TASK1（GENERAL TRAINING MODULE）则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
20分钟内完成150个字的文章。
总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。
评分标准The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: ? 1.T ask Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position isclear and effective)2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) ?3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task.Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2For example: Task1 =6Task2 =7Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7= 6.5Unit 2 曲线图1.描述上升的单词increase rise grow go up词汇升级：creep up ≤10edge up 10 ease up 20boom 30 surge 45 soar 60 swell 70 escalate 80 rocket 902．描述下降的单词decrease drop decline fall go down词汇升级：creep down ≤10edge down 10 ease down 20ebb 30 subside 45 slump 60 collapse 70 plunge 80 plummet 903．描述波动的单词fluctuate --- fluctuation go up and down rise and fall例：Sales of Computers 1995There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from Jan to Feb. However, they increased dramatically to a peak in the next month. After that, there was a downward trend in sales between Mar and Aug, which leveled off by the end of Dec.Task 1每部分的结构:例题分析example 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the number of passengers in a London underground station at different times of the day.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.Number of passengers at a London underground stationThe line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.开头段三种万能方法：①改单词②换句型③加信息The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 2 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6 pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning (around 08:00) and early evening (around 18:00) periods.例题分析2:Sample 2WRITING TASK 1---“例2”You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the annual amount of fish caught in North America from 1972 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.line graph with two linesThe graph reveals changes in fish catches for the US and Canada over the last 30 years.Between 1975 and 1981, US fish catches averaged between 2.5 and 2.75 million tons per year, while Canadian landings fluctuated between 600,000 and 900,000 tons. …In 1981, however, there was a significant increase in fish caught in the US, and this rise continued and peaked at 5.6 million tons in 1991. During the same period, Canada's catch went up from 1 million tons to 1.6 million tons, a growth of over 50%.From 1991 onwards, a sudden decline in fish catching was reported in both countries. US figures plummeted to 4 million tons in 2001, a drop of 28%, and Canadian catches plunged to 0.5 million tons, a decrease of 66%. In the following four years, US catches remained stable at 4 million tons, while Canadian catches rose and fell around the 0.5 million tons mark.In general, fish catches have declined drastically in both the US and Canada since the early 1990s. Although Canadian production was much lower, it echoed US figures, declining or increasing at thesame rate.习题③You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.The line chart illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb andchicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams) However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreasedover the period.★考试高分必备表 3——Phrase。
【7A文】暑期雅思阅读课讲义完整版
王晓春雅思阅读课讲义IELTS Reading Lecture Notes by Spring Wang（版权所有严禁翻印）目录第一章雅思阅读考试基本情况介绍第二章雅思阅读考试词汇学习第三章雅思阅读与英语句子第四章雅思阅读与英语段落结构第五章雅思阅读核心解题技能第六章List of Headings 题注意事项和解题方法第七章Summary题注意事项和解题方法第八章TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题注意事项和解题方法第九章Matching题注意事项和解题方法第十章Multiple Choice题注意事项和解题方法第十一章Sentence Completion题注意事项和解题方法第十二章Short Answer Question题注意事项和解题方法第十三章Table/Diagram/Flow Chart题注意事项和解题方法第十四章最新仿真阅读材料附录第一章雅思阅读考试基本情况介绍雅思考试（IELTS）考试的全称是：International English Language Testing System（国际英语语言测试系统）。
它是由剑桥大学地方考试委员会，英国文化委员会和澳大利亚教育国际开发署共同举办的国际英语考试。
考题主要是由剑桥大学地方考试委员会出，英国文化委员会和澳大利亚教育国际开发署主要负责一些考务管理方面的事情。
雅思考试是针对去英语国家留学或移民人员的一种语言能力的测试。
接受雅思成绩的国家以前是以英联邦和欧洲为主。
而现在北美也越来越多地接受雅思成绩。
雅思考试分为Academic Module（学术类考试，简称A类考试）和General Training Module（普通培训类考试，简称G类考试）。
A类主要是为留学，G类主要是为移民。
两类考试的听力和口语部分完全一致，但在阅读和写作部分有所区别。
A类阅读考试●考试时间为60分钟。
要特别注意的是：听力部分的考试会在结束后专门提供10分钟的时间用于誊写答案。
雅思基础阅读精讲最新总结版
雅思基础阅读1-5讲基础阅读第一讲1.雅思基本介绍●雅思考试又称IELTS，代表INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGETESTING SYSTEM，是一项国际性英语能力测试，其中涵盖对听，说，读，写四项语言能力的考查。
●雅思考试针对移民和留学对语言的不同要求而分为ACADEMIC(A)与GENERAL(G)两个类别，区别主要体现在读写两个项目上2.雅思考试结构:考试分为四个部分：听力（40分钟）、阅读（60分钟）、写作（60分钟）、口语（11-15分钟），每部分都有各自的独特特点。
3.阅读部分介绍阅读考试是雅思考试的第二项，时长60分钟，考查40个题目。
●A类阅读设置3篇阅读材料，每篇800-1200字，7-9段，取自杂志,学术期刊,报纸,或书籍.题材广泛，涵盖人文、社科、技术等领域，但并不要求考生对文章内容有专业性的了解.学术类考试的三篇文章中，至少有一篇包含有详细的逻辑论证，可能有一篇文章附带有图解、统计表、曲线图等各式图表。
考试内容和测试角度对中国考生的单词量和阅读能力提出较高要求，一般要求考生至少掌握6000以上词汇。
●G阅读考试时间为60分钟,共40道题,分为三部分,难度递增。
第一部分考日常事务(social survival),主要包含与生活密切相关的实用文本,要求考生能够定位和辨别一般事实性信息。
一般为两篇文章,每篇文章各有一种题型。
第二部分考培训内容(training survival),一般与某种语言类或实用类短期或长期培训有关,与第一部分相比,语言稍复杂一些,表达法更多样。
一般考两篇文章,各一种题型。
第三部分为一般的说明文(general reading),题材广泛,篇幅较长,议论文一般不在考试之列。
考一篇文章,题型在三四种左右。
●评分标准4.雅思阅读常见题型第一梯队:●True/False/Not Given●Matching●Summary●List of headings●Multiple choice questions第二梯队：●Short-answer question●Sentence completion●Table completionFlow chartLabeling a diagram5. 雅思阅读考察重点●Recognize the topic and the main idea of the text (the titles, headings, the caption diagram, the tables )P9 P12 P15 16●Recognize the key wordsP6~P9Try to explain the word by its synonyms Principle/principal, simulate/stimulate stationary/stationery,attitude/aptitude/altitude●Summarize the paragraphs idea and understand the relation between the paragraph topic and supporting argumentsP15●By using the link words and grammar knowledge to identify the structure of sentences整个过程其实就是区分主题和剥离修饰成分的过程。
新东方雅思阅读讲义
【雅思】IELTS 讲义时间： 2009年02月26日 14:20 作者：周斌来源：哈尔滨新东方学校阅读的题型：有8种或更多，1、标题对应：1ist of headings2、完形填空：Summary词数不超过55，每句话不超过35个，考4—8个空，每个空有选项或自行查找；3、真假判断：TRUE/FA1SE/NOT GIVEN要简单思维4、配对题：Matching人名和理论配对；论点和论据配对；概念与解释配对5、多项选择题：Mu1tip1e-choice只有一个答案是正确的，每个段落只有一个标题，一般限制在5个6、完成句子：Sentence comp1etion——变形的Matching一般都给选项，根据语法手段做简单7、流程图填空：F1ow charts确定范围，确定信息点在哪几个段落中概念指示词：i.e., that is, that is to say，它们前面是主概念，后面是分支概念8、图表填空题：tab1e 、diagram经典图表填空题，现在考得不多文章类型1、欧洲及世界的社会发展、经济状况、科学动向及文化交流方面的文章（国际化、非专业化）2、地球及自然界的科学现象和地理现象方面的文章，如地球灾难3、重大事件，重要人物，重大发明文章出处1、***The Economist, Financia1 Time, Guardian (easy but profound2、***Nationa1 Geography, Science, Nature, Popu1ar Science, New Scientist 如何准备1、单词：4000单词+词组 7000左右2、语法：高中语法3、其它：体力、耐力、视力、检索力一般性解题方法原则：（1）不要试图读懂文章（2）要随手记下有用的信息①每段主题句②对定位答案有特殊意义的词***注：专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）步骤：（1）扫瞄文章①文章标题，一般三种：正规标题、主标题+副标题、没有标题—一般段首句②文章的主题句和连接上下文的信号词顺承及递进：a1so, apart from, besides, more over, furthermore对比与转折：but, however, though, a1though, yet, on the other hand, neverthe1ess 因果关系：as, because, for, since, owing to, thanks to, 1ead to, which in turn, as a resu1t, resu1t in/from, therefore举例说明：that is to say, such as, in other words, for examp1e, for instance ③对定位答案有特殊意义的词④图表和示意图（2）分析题目①数题目②分析题目类型：结构类型：主题句细节类型：关键词③找出定位词：词与词之间的关系***注：定位词特殊性特殊词→表示概念的名词（主语、宾语）→表示状态的动词→形容词、副词避开：I, me, you, and, a, the, in, for, at, to（3）回原文定位答案：①结构主题句②细节：定位词所在句，有时还有其前后句③有时考虑同义、近义单词（4）检查答案：如果剩余5分种以下忽略此步①答题卡是否涂写正确②是否按题目要求答了，特别是是非判断题的要求第二节标题对应：1ist of headings文章结构类型的题目一、总在文章之前二、答题时可能用罗马数字：ⅰ, ⅱ, ⅲ, ⅳ, ⅴ, ⅵ, ⅶ, ⅷ, ⅸ, ⅹ等三、注意：选项个数>=段落个数，每个选项一般只能用一次四、做题顺序：先看主题句，再看选项比较级的关系一般每段步会超过3个数字，除非该段对应大量数字this is, that is, it is都是定义句型，专门下定义，出现在首末句则为主题句和选项依据例子不用看假设要看全段时，先扫一下看标点有时读主题句时要确定范围步骤：1．先用pencil 划区已经选过的heading 和段落2．Scan 剩下的headings, 划住至少一个key word3．特殊词=〉signal word4．同类项与反类项中至少有一个正确5．去掉过于肤浅的heading, 深刻概括的选项更有可能是正确的6．Scan 整篇，划出每段的Topic Sentence7．注意每段的首末句、定义句型、每段的高频词汇选项特征与文章的对应关系1．文章起始选项名词+of+文章主标题concept conception definition explanation notion core essence justification 动词+文章主标题defy justify形容词+of+文章主标题2. 文章结尾选项名词+of+文章主题effect impact consequence generalization conclusion3. 文章中间段落选项比较选项compare contrast similar match coincide…with contrary…to opposite…to ve rsus akin…to alien…to金钱符号wage income cost expense expenditure revenue统计数据data figure demography statistics census number比率rate ratio percentage proportion density分歧概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落注意：事物发展史或发明史或现象的套路：介绍=〉概念=〉发展史=〉原理=〉运用=〉缺陷=〉展望未来第三节完形填空：Summary一、题型：1、纯粹填空式summary ：原文3~4段的summary2、选项式summary ：结合首末段的全文summary定位词：名词>数字、时间>动词>形容词二、纯粹填空式summary3、定位summary 文章在原文中的位置：①根据题目要求②利用首末句定位2、分析每个空格的语法属性3、根据空格前后的信息回原文定位①Summary 中的以下成分不会改变，作为定位依据A 、句子主语，专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）B 、单个动词+（名词）：定位动词，一般不变，与其它联用C 、动词+介词+（名词）：定位介词，再定动词+介词结构D 、动词+介词+（名词）+定、状、补或同位语：定位定、状、补或同位语E 、（形容词）+名词：定位名词，找最近的形容词（可以是形容词、名词、分词、of+名词）F 、（名词）+动词+名词：定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构，宾语一般不变4、注意事项：（1）题内严格按文章顺序排列（2）一般是3-4段的summary（3）答案全部来自原文，不需要自己总结名词有可能有单复数的变化动词有可能有时态、语态的变化三、选项式summary①句子短小，只有2、3个句子②只有2-3个空格③句式简单，没有复杂句（3）阅读summary 文章，掌握大意，重点关注时间状语（2）分析每个空格的语法属性（3）分析每个选项词的词性（4）根据语法先行判断（5）回原文定位，重点阅读文章首尾部分***答案未必出现在原文中第四节真假判断：TRUE/FA1SE/NOT GIVEN一、基本情况1、大多数题目都是语言理解题，而非逻辑判断题2、在真实考试中不涉及任何修辞3、在真实考试中不涉及文化差异4、在真实考试中题目排列大致按原文顺序排列5、不涉及复杂的时态变换，只考同时态的动作、状态或数字精确6、如果题目中有时间、数字、百分比、温度、密度都只考数字的精确程度，不涉及范围大小的比较7、不涉及情态动词的比较：如may, must8、在真实考试中只涉及三个考点词：on1y, a11, must 。
雅思阅读讲义ppt课件
阅读的词汇量要求最大，熟 练度较低
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雅思阅读考试与题型分析
听力结束后开始，1小时时间 阅读量：3篇文章，共2000-2750词 文章来源：报纸，书籍，杂志，学术期刊。至少一篇议论文 假设口语速度为125 Words/分钟，仅仅看完以上3篇文章就需要20
分钟+，所以没有必要把文章读完再做题。
雅思阅读—模板法
Lesson 1 简介
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目录
雅思阅读考试与题型分析 试题拆解与攻略 试题常见陷阱与分析2雅思阅读考试与题型分析
雅思阅读第一第二节ppt
思路总结
投机取巧法 低分段烤鸭 高高分段烤鸭 填词的题型，题⺫目目中出现过的 词都不会作为答案。 生生僻字容易作为答案。
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
（判断题）
题型初览
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C7 T2
C7 T3
C5 T1
思维转换
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原文文：You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.
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The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.
EXAMPLE2
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The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.
EXAMPLE2
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An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.
雅思阅读精讲READINGPASSAGE1
雅思阅读精讲READINGPASSAGE1Why pagodas don’t fall downAIn a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly flimsiest 不结实的; 易损坏的(原型flimsy)old buildings —500 or so wooden pagodas 宝塔—remained standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. (第1题)Those that have disappeared were destroyed by fire as a result of lightning or civil war. The disastrous损失惨重的Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened使…成为平地office blocks and devastated 毁灭; 摧毁the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed未受损伤; 未遭伤害(第2题)though it levelled夷平a number of buildings in the neighborhood.Topple: ~ (over) be unsteady and fall 不稳而倒下:The pile of books toppled over onto the floor. 那一摞书倒在地板上了.B Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors.（第3题）With its special shock absorbers 减震器to dampen抑制the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo —Japan's first skyscraper摩天楼— was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968.【重要词汇】mystify/ ˈmɪstɪfaɪ; ˋmɪstəˏfaɪ/ v(pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sb) confused through lack of understanding; puzzle; bewilder 使（某人）困惑不解; 使迷惑: I'm mystified; I just can't see how he did it. 我大惑不解, 就是不明白她是怎麽做到的. * her mystifying disappearance她神秘的失踪.dampen (down )to make something such as a feeling or activity less strongThe light rain dampened the crowd's enthusiasm.Raising interest rates might dampen the economy.to make a sound or movement less loud or strongThe spring dampens the shock of the impact.C Yet in 826, with only pegs短桩and wedges楔子to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic 雄伟的Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky — nearly half ashigh as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later. Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature's forces.（第4题）But what sort of tricks?D The multi-storey pagoda came to Japan from China in the sixth century. As in China, they were first introduced with Buddhism and were attached to important temples. (第9题) The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers（第5题和第7题）瞭望塔. When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions —they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed （第5题）免除，省掉with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object. Because of the typhoons that batter接连猛击Japan in the summer, Japanese builders learned to extend the eaves屋檐of buildings further beyond the walls.（第6题）This prevents rainwater gushing 流出, 泻出, 涌出down the walls. Pagodas in China and Korea have nothing like the overhang that is found on pagodas in Japan.【重要词组】dispense with sb/sth manage without sb/sth; get rid of sb/sth 用不着某人[某事物]; 摆脱某人[某事物]: He is not yet well enough to dispense with the pills. 她尚未痊愈, 仍需吃药.adapte (oneself) (to sth) become adjusted to new conditions, etc 适应（新环境等）: Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境.【重要词汇】overhang / ˈəuvəhæŋ; ˋovɚˏhæŋ/ n part that overhangs 悬垂的部分: a bird's nest under the overhang of the roof房檐下的鸟巢.E The roof of a Japanese temple building can be made to overhang the sides of the structure by fifty per cent or more of the building's overall width.（第8题）For the same reason, the builders of Japanese pagodas seem to have further increased their weight by choosing to cover these extended eaves not with the porcelain瓷tiles 瓦of many Chinese pagodas but with much heavier earthenware陶器tiles.【难句解析】The roof of a Japanese temple building can be made to overhang the sides of the structure by fifty per cent or more of the building's overall width.句子结构the roof… can be made to….by…日本寺庙的屋顶能够被建造成各面都延伸出庙宇本身，延伸的范围在该寺庙整体宽度的50%或者更多。
环球雅思口语讲义 一
环球雅思口语讲义一I.Ice-breakerVery quietly I take my leave,As quietly as I came by;sweet good-bye as I wave,To the rosy clouds in the western sky.轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来；我轻轻的招手，作别西天的云彩。
YOUR DESTINATION --- Cambridge 相聚剑桥British Council + IDP + ESOL CambridgeII.Introduction to IELTS --- VideoTable. 1. Introduction of the IELTSMaterial BankCommission writers, they write items, and sent to Cambridge and proof-reading.They make up a pre-test- send out to different centers around the world. TrialsIII.中国考生雅思口语成绩为什么低？一、教育体制:我们的教育体制很重视语言知识的考察,而不是实际的能力.Would you like __________ to drink?a. nothingb. somethingc. anything二、语音语调: 方言的影响北方考生CCTV主要是调子的问题。
比方说考官问到transportation的问题，考生回答I take subway, because it is very convenient!南方考生：n/l, h/f不分。
牛奶；我没料到，你会这么快就红。
I came fromFunan. 天上有好多的飞机飞来飞去。
我有一个老师一听学生说英文就可以马上说出来他是那个地方的人。
广东考生喜欢吞音。
I'm a studen(t). I very li(k)e my major，because it's an interesting major. I sing(think)I can fin(d) a goo(d)jaw(job)with it.I am getting late --- I am getting laidShort – shot, soup – soap – shop;根本原因在于：输入不够、练习太少总结到三句话：无话可说，无句可用，无章可循因此，本次培训有三大块的内容：话题输入、思路扩展、技巧操练IV.培训目标：①熟悉考试流程，了解考官考察的标准，做到有的放矢；②对相关话题的大量输入，有针对性地密集操练；③考试技巧，中国考生常犯的错误和要注意的一些问题;④培养英语学习的热情，提高英语口语的实力。
雅思阅读题型+解题技巧(第1讲)ppt课件
Annie Huang
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IELTS FOR WHAT?
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Tongue twister
• 1.Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? • 1.你能够像罐头工人一样装罐头吗？
• 2.I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.
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图形化
summar y题。
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• 雅思阅读考试需要我们具备的基本能力： 1. 一定的词汇量 2. 长难句阅读分析 3. 把握文章主旨和段落大意 4. 细节信息定位 5. 快速阅读 6. 同义转换
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词义推测
• 一、利用上下文线索猜测词义。 • 1.根据同义、反义关系猜词。 • 2.根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义。 • 二、利用构词法猜测词义。
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雅思阅读顺序
• Skimming全文--文章主旨，段落大意，文章结构，细节标 注
• 读题--定位词 • Scanning--文中对应信息 • 答题--同义转换
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Scanning—定位词的选取
• 题干有特征词的题目： 最高级，比较级，数字，以大写字母 开头的专有名词，引号等标点
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1. Scanning原则一：无法用特征词定位时，用题干中的名词 >动词>形容词or副词定位。 notice: 有可能对应回原文是同义词。
环球雅思-三口全部讲义1-20
英语口译三级精讲班第1讲讲义一、背景1、翻译资格考试从2003年12月底开始实施的全国翻译资格（水平）考试（CATTI），英文叫China Aptitude Test for Translators and Interpreters，缩写叫CATTI。
是由国家人事部委托中国外文局负责实施与管理的一个面向全国的翻译专业资格考试，分为7个语种4个等级（资深翻译与一级、二级、三级口译、笔译翻译）进行，不对报名者的学历、资历、职业做出限定，强调"以能力标准为核心"的翻译资格标准。
翻译专业资格考试,最重要的特点就是翻译资格认证的权威性。
此外，全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试独特之处是深化职称改革。
过去获得职称必须通过评审，现在，如果通过全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译或口译考试，就可以申请获得助理翻译职称。
助理翻译是翻译专业系列初级职称。
通过了二级笔译或口译考试，也可以申请翻译职称。
翻译职称是翻译专业系列中级职称。
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试的设立，旨在将来和一些得到国际公认的翻译考试资格认证的发达国家，进行资格的互相承认，比如英国、澳大利亚等英语国家都已经有了自己的翻译资格认证。
到那个时候我们的翻译资格考试证书就成为了一个“国际驾照”。
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级口译的基本要求是掌握5000个以上英语词汇，初步了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识，能胜任一般场合的交替传译。
2、英语口译实务3级考试英语口译实务3级考试含对话英汉互译（20%）、语篇英汉交替传译（40%，约500-650个单词）和语篇汉英交替传译（40%，约300-400个单词）。
考试时间为30分钟。
3、英语口译实务3级课程为了帮助大家提高口译实战的能力及备考的能力，我们开设这门3级“口译实务”课程。
本课程一共16个单元，内容按照3级考试的题型分为对话英汉互译和语篇英汉互译。
每个单元围绕一个主题展开，第一个主题就是“礼仪祝词”。
【讲义】刘洪波雅思写作真经班(1)
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 3: Some people said the government should not spend money on building theaters and sports stadiums. Instead, it should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or disagree?
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5
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Coherence and Cohesion
7 • uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use • presents a clear central topic within each paragraph • uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical • may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately
原因1.现代人均寿命增长，生育期相应延后； 2.社会竞争压力大，选择事业收入稳定后生孩子。 影响1.父母与孩子的年龄差会变大，交流中代沟会明显； 2.会出现劳动力缺口，老龄化社会。
刘洪波雅思写作真经班
Exercise 1: In order to learn a language well, we should learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
【推荐】雅思阅读名师课堂讲义分享(第一章)-实用word文档 (1页)
【推荐】雅思阅读名师课堂讲义分享（第一章）-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读名师课堂讲义分享（第一章）第1章 IELTS 中关于阅读文章中是非判断题分析1.1 是非题中关于 only 题的总结总结：剑4、5、6中共有 only 题7小题，5题 F ，2题 NG ，剑7中共有 only 题4小题3 F ，1 T . F 机率远大于 NG 及 T1.2 是非题中关于比较级的总结剑7中比较级考点共计4小题1 F ，2 NG ，1 T剑4.5.6比较级考点共计20小题，6 T ，10 NG ，4 F总结： NGF1.3 是非判断题中同级比较的总结剑4.5.6共计 the same as 题4道2 T ，1 NG ，1 F剑7共计2题同级比较，1 T ，1 F总结：剑4.5.6.7 阅读真题中同级比较考点无规律可循1.4 剑桥 IELTS 阅读文章中是非判断题解决方法1、是非判断题的出题顺序与其在原文中定位句的顺序是一致的，所以做此类题时必须有方向感，即 Q 1题在文中定位要在 Q 2前边， Q 2题在原文中定位句要在 Q 3原文定位处前边例如：剑5， P 23， T 1 P 2 Q 26 题目中独特定位词为 sociobiology ，在 para . F 和 para . I 中都出现了，第一次出现是在 Q 25题原文定位处的前面，第二次出现在 Q 25题原文定位处的后面，因为 Q 25与 Q 26两题具有顺序性，所以 Q 26题的答案应在原文 Q 25题原文定位处的后面的 para . I 中定位，而不是在 Q 25题原文定位处的前面的para . F 找答案。
第1讲---阅读
雅思强化第1讲True/False/ Not GivenOr Yes/No/Not Given基本原则：1. 注意要求，不要混用或错用。
True/False/ Not Given 或者Yes/No/Not Given2. 仔细阅读题目，确定题目的含意和其中的关键词，不要主观臆断，所有的题目均从原文找答案。
3. 顺序原则。
题目的顺序和原文的顺序大体一致（偶尔出现乱序）。
4 题目中否定信息，表示程度或范围的信息，比较级，最高极，虚拟语气，条件状语从句，数字，比例关系，倍数关系，一般为考点。
5. 解题步骤1）定位，找出题目在原文中的出处(1)找出题目中的一个或两个关键词；(2)从头到尾快速阅读，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话，确定其位置；(3)仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，比较题目中的关键词与原文，进行判断，确定正确答案。
答案为Yes或者True的几种情况：1. 题目虽在用词、结构方面与原文不同，但是含义和原文基本保持一致例1原文：Few are more than five years old.译文：很少有超过五岁的。
题目：Most are less than five years old.译文：大多数都小于五岁的。
解释：题目与原文是同义结构，意义基本一致，所以答案应为True例 2原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.译文：青蛙失去了生存下来的生态竞争能力，生物学家不能解释它们的死亡。
题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.译文：生物学家不能解释为什么青蛙死亡解释：题目中的are unable to与原文中的are at a loss to 是同义词，题目中的why frogs are dying与原文中的their demise是同义词，所以答案应为True例3.S: The traditional images of the “male breadwinner” and “female housewife and mother”may be breaking down among females but this process is occurring more slowly among males.Q: Men accept changing perceptions of traditional gender roles more slowly than women do.比较双方：男人和女人的角色结论：男人的角色变化慢2. 根据原文推断出来成立的题目。
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雅思精讲阅读班精讲班第1讲讲义
讲解雅思阅读的基本知识
1．讲解雅思阅读的基本知识
留学类（A类） 移民类（G类）
考试时间 60分钟 60分钟
考试内容 三篇长文章 4篇短文章＋1篇
长文章
题目数量 40 40
题目类型 填空题
判断题
选择题 填空题
判断题
选择题
雅思阅读的评分标准
雅思阅读的评分标准：（A类）
Band score Raw score out of 40
8 35
7 30
6 23
5 15
2．雅思阅读的特点:
每种题型内部有顺序
各种题型之间没有顺序
3．题目的取舍
阅读考试共60分钟。
按自己设定的目标选择题目。
做题时要在出现答案的行首标注题号。
这样在遇到复杂困难的题目时，就可以利用周围简单的题目帮助定位.
如果我们知道第1题和第3题答案的位置，虽然第2题很难，我们也知道它一定出现在第1和第3题之间。
题
QQ:。