2013考研英语春季基础班阅读辅导讲义

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2013考研英语一阅读技巧解读.doc

这也是考研阅读解题的一个重要原则。

(三)“真我”与“忘我”相结合的应试之道
对于考研英语阅读理解最重要的原则，或者说总纲就是要把握住“真我”与“忘我”的相结合的原则，将这一原则贯彻始终，才能从根本上超越考试本身。

同样的，在这个总则的指引下，了解阅读理解大大小小的规律性的东西，这样才能从质的方面产生飞跃，真正有信心也有能力在阅读理解的考试中拿到满分。

把握这一原则很重要的一点就是不要在不恰当的时候运用不恰当的形式，比如说在通读全文的时候一定要根据主体的英语背景知识推断生词以及复杂长句的意思，而在作题的时候却一定要抛弃自己的常识完全以客体为主。

当然技巧的运用也贯穿于作题的过程中，不过技巧就是规律性的再现，所以一定站在高屋建瓴的高度上把握“真我”与“忘我”的中道，这样才能在考研英语阅读过程中立于不败之地。

佛说："自性本具自足;我法二空、一切唯识。

"就是说凭自己的能力完全可以洞悉考研英语阅读理解的真谛，但是如果走向了两个极端，那么后果也是很可怕的。

一个极端是完全以"真我"覆盖一切导致的选项误区;另一个极端是完全"忘我"导致的阅读艰涩。

相比较而言，也通过笔者对大量考生的采访，第一种情况在考生中是极为普遍的，人们很容易被自己的理性判断所控制，而英语试题组出题的目的本身就是利用无关选择项扰乱考生的正常思维，并人为设置种种陷阱，既使那些英语高手如果不能把握住这一原则，同样也可能马失前蹄，跌的头破血流。

2013考研英语基础班词汇讲义-李伟

2013届考研英语词汇基础讲义English Vocabulary in Comprehension Period1.考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）----------------------------------------------22.考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）----------------------------------------------33.考研词汇综合应用（怎么用）---------------------------------------------74.附录：考研英语题源资料推荐--------------------------------------------13重复是记忆之母，理解是记忆之父。

NETEM☆2013李伟1. 考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）1.1 英语作为外语（EFL）词汇学习介绍艾宾浩斯记忆与遗忘曲线1.2 词汇学习误区※死记硬背；※只记字面意思，忽视单词的其他意义；※单一的记忆方法；※词汇记忆缺少主次之分；※词典工具书使用不当。

1.3 考研词汇考查方式与学习策略※二元单词学习法；※语义场学习法；※基于文本学习法；※基于构词法学习法。

2. 考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）2.1 精选词缀第一辑：表示否定第二辑：一正一邪第三辑：一前一后第四辑：上上下下第五辑：由远及近第一辑表示否定用法前缀名称单词举例表示否定un- unlock, unwillingnon- non-stop, non-smokerin- inadequate, infamousim- immature, immortalir- irregular, irrelevantil- illegal, illiterateig- ignorant, ignobledis- disable, disbelievedi- differ, divertde- defrost, denuclearizationmis- misfortune, misunderstanding mal- malfunction, malnutritionab- abnormala- atypical, apolitical, amoral anti- antisocialunder- under-nutrition第二辑一正一邪用法前缀名称单词举例一正pro-=forwardprogresspropose一邪de-=down, downwarddegradedepreciatedegenerationdestruction第三辑一前一后用法前缀名称单词举例一前pre-=beforepreschoolpreferprecaution一后re-=again, backrenewreviverefresh第四辑上上下下用法前缀名称单词举例上上over-= above, across, beyondoverestimateoverburdenovercrowded super- /sur- /sop- /sove-= above, oversuperstructuresuperiorsurplus下下sub-= undersubtitlesubway under-= underunderestimateunder-abundant第五辑由远及近用法前缀名称单词举例由远及近tele- = far off television, telescope inter- / enter- / intel-= between, amonginterfere, internationalex- / e-= out (of)exit, external, ejectcom- / con- / co- / cor- / col-= togetherco-operation, coordinateem- / en-= in / into, make / giveenclose, enlarge, enrichin- / im-= in, into, oninclude, indoor, intakeper-= through, awayperpetual,persist, perennial2.2 精选词根第一辑：千言万语第二辑：看书识字第三辑：自己动手第四辑：来来往往第五辑：明知故放第六辑：川流不息第七辑：手到擒来第八辑：其他词根第一辑千言万语1. claim, clam = cry, shout喊叫【例词】exclaim：呼喊，惊叫2. dict = say 言，说，也作dic【例词】contradict：反驳，同…相矛盾，与…相抵触3. log = speak 言，说；另注：logu = speak【例词】eloquent：有口才的，雄辩的，有说服力的第二辑看书识字4. spect =look 看；也作spic, spec【例词】retrospect：回顾，追溯5. vis, vid = see 看【例词】invisible：看不见的6. gram = write, draw写，画，文字，图形，也作graph 【例词】telegram：电报7. liter = letter 文字，字母【例词】illiteracy：不识字，文盲，未受教育，无知第三辑自己动手8. ag = do, act 做，动【例词】agent：代理人9. fact = do, make 做；也作fac，fec【例词】manufacture：制造，加工10. mob = move 动【例词】immobile：不动的，固定的11. oper = work 工作【例词】co-operate：合作，协作第四辑来来往往12. ced = go 行走，也作ceed，cess【例词】intercession：居间调停，调解，说情13. cept = take 拿，取【例词】intercept：截取，截击，拦截，截断14. cur, curs, cour, cours = run跑【例词】incursion：进入，侵入，入侵，侵犯15. fer = bring, carry 带，拿【例词】transfer：转移，传递，转让16. gress = go, walk 行走【例词】retrogress：后退，退步，退化17. it = go 行走【例词】exit：出口，退出，太平门18. port = carry 拿，带，运【例词】transportation：运送，运输，客运，货运19. ven = come 来【例词】intervene：干预，干涉，介入第五辑明知故放20. cogn = know 知道【例词】cognition：认识，认知21. sci = know 知【例词】conscious：有意识的，自觉的22. pon = put 放置【例词】postpone：退后，推迟，延期23. pos = put 放置【例词】expose：揭露，揭发，使…暴露第六辑川流不息24. flu = flow 流【例词】superfluous：过剩的，多余的25. fus = pour 灌，流，倾泻【例词】transfuse：移注，灌输，输（血）第七辑手到擒来26. hibit = hold 拿，持，握【例词】exhibit：展出，展览，陈列，展示27. tain, ten, tin = hold握，持，守【例词】maintain：保持，保存，维持第八辑其他词根28. ann = year 年，也作enn【例词】anniversary：周年纪念日，周年纪念29. bell = war 战争【例词】rebel：反叛，反抗30. brev = short 短【例词】abbreviation：缩写，缩短，节略，缩写词31. clar = clear 清楚，明白【例词】clarify：讲清楚，阐明，澄清32. cord = heart 心【例词】discord：不一致，不协调，不和33. liber = free 自由【例词】liberate：解放，使获自由，释放34. miss = send 投，送，发；也作mit, mis【例词】transmit：传送，播送，发送35. nomin = name 名【例词】nominate：提名，任命36. tract = draw 拉，抽，引【例词】tractor：拖拉机37. vac = empty 空，也作vacu【例词】evacuate：撤走，疏散，撤离3. 考研词汇综合应用—怎么用【真题应用示范】冷僻词汇1.同位释义Euthanasia, often called mercy killing, has now been in practice in some countries even if it is still a controversy.Obesity, or fatness, has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people.About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared.2.逻辑释义On passing through the prism, the ray of light was transformed into a row of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.Jane was talking with others all the time while Eliza remained reticent all the time.Stones are a better conductor of heat than soil. Or put it another way, soil is a better insulator than rock.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.3. 偏正释义The explorers decided that this was a fossil of an extinct animal that once lived but does not exist now.4. 近义释义It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.…paternity and kinship testing …… ancestry testing……genetic testing …… DNA testing…5. 语音释义外来词：Hormone, Mahjong, koala, éclair, madam, delta, El Nino,应用词汇1.熟词僻义Hot air.Hot cellHot debateIt’s very hot here! I am hot!Reasoning plays a decisive role in the debate.The executives are going to summer at the seaside next week.This phenomenon clearly mirrors a terrible social crisis: ……This trend echoed by the chart can be viewed as an optimistic change in our daily life.These seemingly brutal animals won’t attack unless they are cornered.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.2.热点词汇【范例一】In spite of ―endless talk of difference,‖ American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is ―the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference‖ characteristic of popular culture. …. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.‖ The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Rodriguez notes that …, yet ―some Americans … to the nation’s assimilative power.‖（2006年阅读第1篇）21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing【范例二】Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ―Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,‖ William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ carries a negative connotation.（2009年阅读第1篇）21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being[A]. casual[B]. familiar[C]. mechanical[D]. changeable【范例三】In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. ….（2008年阅读第3篇）31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to ____.[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.【范例四】Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many s hippers complain that … and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. （2003年阅读第3篇）51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination[C] outside competitors will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat【范例五】…. Railroads typically charge such ―captive‖ shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. （2003年阅读第3篇）53. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business【范例六】In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw- having extracted them from the months of his slaves.That’s far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books…….（2008年阅读第4篇）36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.【范例七】In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implicationsof these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families …. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had .... （2007年阅读第3篇）31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that ____.[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.【范例八】Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying …Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born. （2007年阅读第1篇）24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that ____.[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.识记词汇合成、派生、混合——曲折迂回A：合成Policymaker, lawmaker, moonlight, moonbeam, mooncraft, warhorse, warpath, warlord, greenhouse, green-eyed, greenroom, palmtop, counterbalance,rainbird, ladybird, dog days B：派生desertification,futurologist,forepayment,C：混合motel, bioterrorist, Interpol, heliport, ecosystem, Netizen【阅读应用示范】A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in Jul y.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ―Am erican industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,‖ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ―It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,‖ says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as ―a golden age of business management in the United States.‖1. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the factthat the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market参考答案：CD When it comes to the slowing econom y, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped sh owing up. Spero blames the softening economy. ―I’m a good economic indicator,‖ she says. ―I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.‖ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s departmen t store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. ―I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.‖ she says.1. By ―Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet‖ (Line s 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation参考答案：D【完形应用示范】The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned businesses play 41 roles. The American free enterprise system 42 private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce 43 goods and services, 44 almost two-thirds of the nation’s total economic output goes to 45 for personal use. The consumer role is 46 great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a ―47 economy‖.This emphasis 48 private ownership arises, 49 , from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was 50 , Americans have 51 excessive government power, and they have sought to 52 government’s authority over individuals—including its role in the economic realm.53 , American generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more 54 than 55 with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand 56 the price of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; If people want more of a particular good than the economy is producing, the price of the goods 57 . That catches the attention of new or other companies that, 58 an opportunity to earn profit, start producing more 59 that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing 60 goods.41. [A] insignificant [B] important [C] magnificent [D] respected42. [A] emphasizes [B] praises [C] evaluates [D] compares43. [A] major [B] minor [C] most [D] less44. [A] while [B] but [C] although [D] and45. [A] government [B] business [C] individuals [D] families46. [A] such [B] so [C] very [D] extremely47. [A] market [B] people [C] consumer [D] plan48. [A] on [B] in [C]with [D] at49. [A] in effect [B] in the light of [C] in short [D] in part50. [A] invented [B] forged [C] manufactured [D] created51. [A] exterminated [B] scared [C] appreciate [D] feared52. [A] expand [B] develop [C] limit [D] destroy53. [A] However [B] Nevertheless [C] Additionally [D] Similarly54. [A] powerfully [B] efficiently [C] sufficiently [D] fundamentally55. [A] these [B] those [C] it [D]one56. [A] order [B] illustrate [C] manifest [D] determine57. [A] falls [B] raises [C] rises [D] climbs58. [A] neglecting [B] overcoming [C] feeling [D] sensing59. [A] than [B] of [C] off [D] on60. [A] different [B] better [C] qualified [D] authentic参考答案：21-25ADBBA 26-30D DAAA 31-35DBCAD 36-40ABBDA4.附录：考研英语题源资料推荐从2000年到2012年考研英语阅读来源分布引用频率期刊名称创刊时间网址排名第1位《经济学家》1843年/第2位《纽约时报》1851年/第3位《新闻周刊》1933年/第4位《时代周刊》1933年/time/第5位《科学美国人》1845年/更多考研英语学习方法及内容请咨询:李伟（老师）michaelenglish@/。

2013年考研英语第2篇阅读理解

An old saying has it that (has it that 是个比较固定的用法，尤其适用于谚语等，意思是“有...的说法”)half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.生词：fraction【小部分，少量】翻译：以前有那么一种说法：有一半的广告预算是被浪费的，麻烦的是，没人知道是哪一半。

在互联网时代，至少在理论上来讲，少部分的浪费可以减少。

通过观察人们搜索的内容，线上点击和谈论的对象，公司能够根据用户行为，目的性的投放用户更可能去消费的产品广告。

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information：Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads？Or should they have explicit permission？生词：quarrel【争吵】illustrated【说明】advertisers 【广告商】fine-grained【细粒的】assume【假定】explicit【明确的】翻译：过去几个星期一个争论已经说明这些细节的信息对广告商的价值：广告商应该假定人们对于被跟踪和发送行为研究类广告是乐见其成还是广告商应该获得明确的许可呢？In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC) proposed adding a “do not track”(DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT;Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.生词：industry【工业】【crack裂纹，断裂，get cracking on 立即着手做某事】翻译：2010年12月美国联邦贸易协会FTC提出加一个“DNT（不被跟踪）”选项给互联网浏览者，这样用户就能告诉广告商他们不希望被跟踪，微软的IE浏览器和苹果的Safari 都已经提供了DNT；谷歌chrome计划今年内实现这个功能。

2013年考研英语阅读理解及答案

2013年全国研究生入学考试英语Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year –about 64 items per person –and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. V anity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（B）[A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion. [D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to（A）[A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to（A）[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? （D）[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text? （C）[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age,at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to s top tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will bec ome the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural”ads help advertisers to（B）[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to: （D）[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default（C）[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? （A）[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: （D）[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. Y ou might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chanc e of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potentialevolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by（B）[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List”suggest that human being are（A）[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? （D）[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to（C）[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? （C）[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field " and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they（C）[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? （C）[A] Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts（D）[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement（A）[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? （B）[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)参考范文：Dear Mr Smith,On behalf of the Student Union , I am sending this e-mail to you to invite you to act as our judge of English Speech Contest to be held in our university on May 5 .To be more specific , our contest is on the topic of how to embrace tough challenges in digital era. During this competition , Ten participants will deliver their speeches with respect to this topic .It is widely acknowledged that you are a top expert in this field , so we sincerely hope that you can acc ept our invitation . For further information , please call me at 8888888.I am looking forward to your reply and arrival .Yours respectfullyLi MingPart B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay,you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) interpret its intended meaning ,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)参考范文：The picture jumping into my sight is fairly compelling. In this cartoon , after graduation, a host of graduates may face diverse choices , ranging from postgraduate entrance exam to study abroad to job-hunting and so on . But when approaching a junction , which direction should one choose ? The caption, summarizing the message conveyed by this cartoon in a couple of words , reads : “choice”This picture inspires me hugely.The cartoonist strives to bring home to us a single clear message : making choice matters much for a person’s success. Stated in another way, a folk would be permanently locked out of the league of successful elites if he or she lacks the awareness of choice . To be more specific , on the basis of self-evaluation and development goal in the foreseeable future , different folks possess different options .From my own perspective , option is truly among the most important of elements that drive individuals to success. Losing sight of the crucial importance of option would be a major obstacle to one’s success. Meanwhile , when making every opti on , we are supposed to take self-evaluation and interest into consideration. On a broader level, a persistent atmosphere of placing a high value on cultivating of making options is sorely needed. Only in this way can we embrace a brighter future.选择题答案：1-5 ABCDB 6-10 DAADC 11-15 ACBCB 15-20 CDDBA21-25 BAADC26-30 BDCAD 31-35 BADCC 36-40 CCDAB 41-45 EFBGC。

考研英语阅读理解基础班讲义（1）

考研英语阅读理解基础班讲义（1）第一部分：对于长难句课程难点重点的回顾非简单句的障碍来源：非简单句:﹛S1，S2，S3，S4,…Sn﹜如何拆分和组合句子非简单句的障碍解决方案一．关联词和主句专一原则关联词:1. 关系代词：that, who,whom,which,what,as,whose,2. 关系连词：if, whether,when,where,3. 标点符号：, ----;4. 并列连词：and，or主句专一原则:1. 一个句子只能有一个主句，主句中没有关联词。

2. 一个句子中有n个分句，则只有n-1个关联词。

例证：句子之间的关联方式u 1.并列l 并列联词的用法例 1..Itis alittle upsettingto read that acertainline describesafight betweenaTurkishanda Bulgarianofficerandto find that the line consistsofthe noiseoftheir falling andthe weightsof theofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.u 2.主从复合（嵌套）主从复合句的分类：三大从句：名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句常见的关联词：法硕联盟论坛/doc/32299d12866fb84ae45c8d64.html 祝您考研成功！-2-名词性从句：关系代词：what，who，whom，which,关系连词：that,when,where,how,形容词性从句：见定语从句副词性从句：见后表格；名词性从句的分类讲解：状语从句种类常用连接词特殊连接词时间状语从句When,while,as,before,since,till,until,assoonas1.一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,theminute,theday,nexttime,everytime2.一些副词：instantly,immediately,directly3.固定搭配的连词：nosooner---than,hardly---when,scarcely---when.地点状语从句Where Wherever,anywhere,everywhere原因状语从句Because,as,for,sinceSeeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,giventhat,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas目的状语从句Sothat,inorderthat,thatLest,forfearthat,incase,inthehopethat,onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat结果状语从句So---that,sothat,such---thatSuchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosucha degreethat,tosuchanextentthat条件状语从句If,unless Suppose,supposing,providing,provided(特别关注：supposed,provide不用作条件从句的连词）onconditionthat,solongas,aslongas让步状语从句Although,though,eventhough,evenifWhile(一般用在句首),as(用于倒装结构),whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whether---or---,asadj.as+主谓结构用在句首比较状语从句As,than Themore---,themore---;justas---,so---;A istoB what/asC istoD;nomore--than;notA somuchasB/notsomuchA asB方式状语从句as,theway主语从句：结构识别：(1).关系连词+句子+动词(2).It+be动词+形容词/名词短语+关系连词+句子(3).It+不及物动词+that例子：1.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.2.Thattheplatesaremovingisnotbeyonddispute.3.Whathappenedonthe GuangMingDingwillbeforeveretchedinzhangwuji’smemory.4.Itis generally agreed that a personofhighintelligence is onewhocan graspideas法硕联盟，在读学长答疑，2011年北大及人大法律硕士状元均为本站会员！-3-readily, makedistinctions,reason logically, andmakeuseofverbaland mathematicalsymbolinsolvingproblems.人们普遍认为，高智商的人有这样一些特点：理解力强，辨别力强，逻辑推理能力强，并且在解决问题的过程中善于利用文字或数学符号。

2013大英三辅导材料

2013下半年期终考试复习资料1. 阅读部分Passage 1Today a pilot is totally dependent on what the air traffic controller on the ground tells him. He can not see enough to be safe. Flightwatch is an instrument intended to help him.On a screen in front of the pilot, there will be a map of the airspace around the plane. The pilot’s own flight level or height and his own plane at the centre of the screen will show up. On the map any other planes in the airspace will appear as blobs （点状）of light with “tails” showing the direction of their flight. The flightwatch map is unusual, for the other planes are not shown at their true ranges （范围）, but at their distance away in flying time. That gets over the problem of fast planes being too far away to be seen but likely to make contact in seconds and slow planes that are close enough to be seen but so slow that there’s no chance of contact for, say, ten minutes.The pilot will be able to see on the screen whether another plane’s course conflicts with his own. The screen will show him the flight number of the other plane, so he can contact air traffic control and ask them about the other plane’s course, then he can take avoiding action if necessary. The screen will show him whether his action puts him in danger from yet another aircraft.Technically, the system will be quite complex. Computers will be necessary on the ground and in each aircraft to enable flightwatch to collect data about the planes’courses and to calculate the distances between planes. But such small computers are now quite cheap, simple and reliable.1. A pilot is dependent on ___C____ for his safe flight.A. flightwatchB. the air traffic controller in the planeC. the command of the air controller on the groundD. the pilot himself2._____C____ can help the pilot to keep contact with the air traffic controller.A. a computerB. the screenC. flightwatchD. the passage dosen’t mention it3.The flightwatch is ____A____ to use.A. quite simpleB. quite complexC. expensiveD. not mentioned4.the main components of the flightwatch are ____A_____.A. a screen and certain computersB. computersC. a flightwatch map and small computersD. blobs and tails5.The computers are ____C_____.A. largeB. neither large nor smallC. smallD. not mentionedPassage 2For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have taken the drudgery out of housework. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.Families, too, are simpler today. In America, it is not customary for parents to live with their married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona and the young people, after they marry, going wherever their jobs or their parents or their interests take them.Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attending college, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, find a job, and set up a ‘bachelor’ apartment. This is the era of women’s liberation.But all this freedom and affluence have had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating effect on marriage.6. In the U.S. , families are becoming __B___.A. biggerB. smallerC. easierD. freer7. Why are women able to achieve economic independence? ___C___A. Because they have their own salary.B. Because convenience foods are available.C. Because they are free away from drudgery.D. Because they attending college.8. Hard housework was taken away by ___D___.A. liberated womenB. retired parentsC. supermarketsD. modern equipment9. Which of the following statements is not true according to the text? ___D____.A. Women’s liberation has made it possible for them to study.B. Comfortable life adversely influences marriage in America.C. Adults can go wherever they want.D. Women prefer to be bachelors.10. The text implies that the author __D___.A. highly praises the liberation of womenB. heartily enjoys this freedom and affluenceC. strongly recommends such kind of social lifeD. greatly worries about the bond of marriagePassage 3Ever since I was very small, I have had the sense that I ought to be somewhere else. I remember watching trains flash by and wishing I was on board. I remember going to the airport with my parents when I was 13 and reading the destinations board, seeing all the places that I could go to: Los Angeles, Chicago, London.But the trains passed by and the planes took off without me, so I wandered the world through books. I went to Victorian England in the pages of Middlemarch and A little Princess, and to St. Petersburg before the fall of the tsar （沙皇）with Anna Karenina.My home was in a pleasant place outside Philadelphia. But I really lived, somewhere else. I lived within the covers of books. In books I traveled, not only to other worlds, but into my own. I learned who I was and whom I wanted to be, what I might achieve, and what I might dare to dream about my world and myself.I travel today in the way I once dreamed of traveling as a child---on airplanes and trains. And the irony is that I don’t care fir it very much. I am the sort of person who prefers to stay at home, surrounded by family, friends, books. The only thing I do like about traveling is the time on airplanes spent reading.It turns out that when my younger self thought of taking wing, she wanted only to let her spirit soar. Books are the plane, and the train, and the road. They are the real destinations, and the journey too. They are home.11. What did the writer do as a curious child? ___C____A. She visited Victorian England and Tsarist Russia.B. She flew to Los Angeles, Chicago and London with her parents.C. She read all kinds of books.D. She spent lots of time traveling on trains.12. How does the author feel about travel today? ___A____A. She doesn’t like it very much.B. She takes great pleasure in it.C. She feels tired of it.D. She feels as excited as when she was young.13. What did the author learn from books as a child? ___C___A . About many foreign places.B. About many historical figures.C. About the outside world as well as her own self.D. About the ironies of life.14. We can infer from the passage that when traveling by air, the author spends most of her timeon the way ___A__.A. reading booksB. resting herselfC. imagining thingsD. letting her spirit soar15. In this passage the author mainly talks about __C___.A. the wonders of travelB. her growth from an innocent child to a learned womanC. the benefits of readingD. the difference between childhood dreams and life’s realitiesPassage 1Museums are places where collections of objects are preserved and displayed. The objects may be anything found in nature or made by man. There are museums devoted to art, science, history, industry, and technology. But museums are no longer just storehouses for collections. Today nearly all museums, large or small, carry on educational programs. Museums offer guided tours, lectures, films, music recitals, art lessons, and other attractions.Museums work constantly to improve their collections and ways of playing them. All museums are always on the watch for new additions to their collections. Works of art are bought from art dealers and private collectors or at auction sales. Museums also accept gifts and bequests（遗物）, but the large museums no longer accept everything that is offered to them. They accept only objects or collections that meet their high standards.What is to be gained from visiting museums? Museums exhibits can teach us about the world in which we live-----the materials it is made of, the trees and plants that cover it, and the animals that have lived on it since its beginning. We can learn about the activities of man-----his history and development and his accomplishments in arts and crafts.1.The first paragraph deals with___D___.A. what museums preservesB. what kind of objects museums displayC. where museums obtain their objectsD. how museums function2.Which statement is not true? CA. Museums are not only storehouse for collections.B. Museums are places where you can learn something.C. Museums preserve and display only things found in nature.D. Museums carry on educational and research programs.3.Where do objects at museums usually come from? DA. From auction sales.B. From art dealers and private collectors.C. From gifts and bequests.D. All the above.4.The large museums accept___C___.A. everything offered to themB. all the gifts and bequestsC. only objects that meet their high standardsD. only things that small museums do not have5.The last paragraph is about___A__.A. the knowledge one gets from visiting museumsB. the things one can see in museumsC. the world and the people living in itD. museum collections from other landsPassage 2Cars of 2000 will travel the nation’s highways in never-before-dreams-of safety, comfort, and convenience. These cars will float along never touching the ground, and therefore will have no need for wheels.Annoying highway vibrations, caused by the rotations of the disc-and-tire wheels, will be things of the past. The coming highway passenger cars will literally fly above the road, supported on columns of air compressed by turbine-driven fans.The car without wheels has been called a “flying car”, and, in a sense, that’s just what it is; however, it will not back out of the family garage, start down the street, and then suddenly go quickly upward heading for some distant point. On the contrary, to avoid problems in aerial navigation, the wheel-less vehicle probably will travel no more than three inches above road surface. It will travel over fairly rough road and even over smooth water.The inevitable problems of maritime regulations, severe weather conditions, and running out of fuel in remote areas all will require new concepts of operation, servicing, and vehicle regulation.6.The author believes that cars of the future__C___A. will be replaced by airplanesB. will have wheels unlike those of todayC. will use columns of air instead of wheelsD. will use wheels without tires7.Cars of the future will run__A___A. without annoying noiseB. without fuelC. much more smoothlyD. on a number of fans8.The car without wheels has been called a “flying car” because__A___A. it travels a few inches above the groundB. it can fly as a plane doesC. it moves at a very high speedD. it can travel over smooth water9.Where is a wheel-less car least fit to travel? DA. over soft landB. over rough country roadsC. over highwaysD. over waterfalls10.Wheel-less cars will___B __A. eliminate all traffic problemsB. create new traffic problemsC. eliminate parking problemsD. both A and CPassage 3Students can travel in the United States without spending too much money if they follow these suggestions.A travel agent can give you information on special economy fares for trains, buses and planes. Think about hiking or biking for a part of your trip, too. You’ll not only save money, but you’ll also see a lot more of the country.Some students may want to travel by car. Be sure to think about going with other students—many colleges have “ride boards” that list when and where other students plan to travel. Many radio stations provide the same sort of service—they announce who’s driving where, when, how many riders they will take and what the expenses will be.There are many inexpensive, older hotels near bus or train stations. Check your travel guide for names of the best. Many parts of the country also have youth hostels where young people can stay for only a few dollars a night.You don’t have to eat in restaurants all the time, but we don’t recommend a diet of candy and cola, either. You can usually get a healthy, cheap breakfast in a restaurant. If the weather is warm, you can buy food in supermarkets or at roadside stands and have a picnic for lunch. For dinner you can get the names of good, cheap restaurants from travel guides or friends.11.The passage tells students___C__.A. how to make travel plansB. how to get help while travelingC. how to use less money while travelingD. how to choose hotels12.To see more of the country, you’d better travel___D__.A. by planeB. by busC. by trainD. by bike13.If you want to share rides with others, you can get information__B___.A. on the blackboards in classroomsB. from school administratorsC. through certain radio programsD. from travel agents14.According to the passage, staying at youth hostels is__A___.A. cheapB. convenientC. comfortableD. enjoyable15.To save money, you can___C__.A. have more candy and colaB. invite your friends for a picnic]C. take some food with youD. eat in restaurants sometimesPassage 1Reading newspapers has become an important part of everybody’s life. Some people read newspapers as the first thing to do in the morning. Others read newspapers as soon as they have free time during the day so that they can learn what is happening in the world.Sometimes, we do not have enough time to read all the news carefully, so we just take a quick look at the front page. At other times, we may be in such a hurry that we only have a few minutes to look at the headlines of the passages.Newspapers can be found everywhere in the world. We can get many different kinds of newspapers in big cities, but some mountain villages we can see few newspapers.Some newspapers are published once a week, but most of the papers are published once a day with many pages, some even published twice a day! You know different people enjoying reading different newspapers. Some like world news, and other prefer short stories. They just choose what they are interested in.Today newspapers in English have the largest number of readers in the world. The English language is so popular that many Chinese students are reading English newspapers such as China Daily or 21st Century. Also they bring us more and more information with Internet.1. People read newspapers in order to B .A. learn the latest newsB. meet their own different needsC. read the short storiesD. find the morning news2. From the passage we can see that C when people get newspapers.A. they read them very carefullyB. they just read the headlineC. not everyone reads all the pagesD. they have no time to read them3. News papers have so many pages because B .A. more and more people like to read themB. people enjoy reading something differentC. newspapers become cheaperD. more pages mean more money4. Newspapers A are the most popular in the world.A. in EnglishB. in ChineseC. in other languagesD. with many pages5. According to the passage, besides newspapers, people also get information from D .A. magazinesB. advertisementsC. e-mailsD. InternetPassage 2If there is any single factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are doomed indeed to failure, for it isn’t defeat that makes you fail: it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without feeling ashamed, analyze it and learn why you failed. Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause. Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing else can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is this same reaction that should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated. If you fully use the power which defeat gives, you can accomplish with it far more than what you are capable of.6. The author _____D_____.A. orders you to analyze defeatB. wants you to face defeatC. advises you to let a baby grasp a rodD. warns you not to confuse defeat with fail7. Defeat is valuable _____C_____.A. because it is a factorB. because it isn’t defeat that mak es you failC. because it provides the guide and encouragement to successD. because it is not a thing to be ashamed of8. What does the author know? ______B_____.A. He knows every success in lifeB. He knows the factor making for successC. He knows every man who is able to analyze defeatD. He knows the life of every man9. The person who was able to analyze the defeat is likely _____C______.A. to be a successorB. to face it with feeling ashamedC. to achieve successD. to be ashamed of it10. What does the author advise one to do with the power which defeat gives? One should ___A__.A. explore itB. explain itC. let a baby grasp a rodD. learn itPassage 3Why don’t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they’re beginning to fill in the blanks.Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights.A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The bird’s cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation. When the stars are hidden by clouds, they apparently find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when it’s too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way.11. The reasons why birds don’t get lost on long flights ____B_____.A. have been known to scientists for yearsB. have only recently been discoveredC. are known by everyoneD. will probably remain a mystery12. During daylight hours, birds _____C____.A. fly aimlesslyB. rely on landmarksC. use sun for guidanceD. are more likely to get lost13. By “his outdoor cousins” the author means _____C____.A. other experimentersB. the other doves of the same broodC. doves under the natural skyD. other birds in general14. The experiment with the dove indicated that ____D_____.A. birds have to be taught to navigateB. a bird that has been caged will not fly long distanceC. some birds cannot fly at nightD. some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night15. In total darkness, doves _____B____.A. use landmarksB. don’t know which way to flyC. fly back homeD. wait for the stars to appear2.词汇部分16. --- How long will it take to arrive in Australia?--- ___C_____ .A. Two hours laterB. Before two hoursC. Two hoursD. In two hours17 --- ____B____ ?--- I have a headache, a sore throat and I’m feeling rather weak.A. What are youB. What’s the matter with youC. How are you todayD. What can I do for you18 --- Don’t you think that’s expensive?--- ___A_____ .A. Not at all. That’s the best price in townB. Believe it or not. It’s goodC. It’s impossible to cost so muchD. It’s cheap enough19 --- Would you do me a favour?--- ____C____ .A. It’s goodB. That’s OKC. I’m glad toD. No problem20 -- Please show me your library card.--- _____D___ .A. This is my cardB. My pleasureC. Give it to youD. Here you are21 —Could I leave a message?—_______C_______A. Please speak.B. Say your messageC. Sure. Go ahead, pleaseD. Do what you like22.—Sorry for the inconvenience it may cause you.—______B________A. You are welcomeB. Never mind.C. It’s OKD. Nothing else23.—What’s the problem?—____A____ .A. I have a meeting now. Do you mind if we postpone it to a later timeB. I have a meeting now. Do you think if we postpone it to a later timeC. I have a meeting now. How do you feel if we postpone it to a later timeD. I have a meeting now. What about if we postpone it to a later time24.—OK. Does next Tuesday suit you? .—______D_____A. It is a good dayB. I’m pleased.C. I’m OK.D. Yes, it’s fine with me.25.—I wonder if it is possible for us to arrange a meeting this week?—_____A______A. I’m afraid I can’t make it this weekB. I’m sure it’s impossibleC. There is no way.D. It’s a problem to make it..26. I ____D____ for two hours but nobody has arrived yet.A. am waitingB. waitedC. have waitedD. have been waiting27. Tom as well as two of his classmates ____A____ invited to the party.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. are28. He gave ____D____ answer as I did.A. as sameB. sameC. as the sameD. the same29. She glanced shyly ____A____ him and then lowered her eyes.A. atB. offC. onD. with30. I would rather you _____D___ tomorrow than today.A. comeB. will comeC. cameD. would come31. We were ____D____ to leave before the train started.A. longB. keenC. worriedD. anxious32. She intended to make teaching her ___A_____ .A. professionB. workC. employmentD. occupation33. The difference was ____B____ cross the river.A. where toB. how toC. what toD. which to34. Mercury freezes if it is cooled to ____B____ .A. a low too temperatureB. a too low temperatureC. too low temperatureD. too low a temperature35. When it ____D____ to table-tennis, you can never defeat him.A. goesB. isC. aboutD. comes16. --- Good afternoon. I’m going to invite some friends to dinner. Please reserve atable for six at about eight this evening.--- ____D____A.I know, I will do it.B.I’m clear, don’t worry about it.C.Sure, it doesn’t matter.D.I see, I’ll make the reservation at once.17. --- Come on. Let’s try the Chinese food.--- ____C____A.You are so kind to let me have a taste.B.Yes, I will try.C.Mm… it’s so delicious.D.They are all good food.18. --- Take a seat here, Mr. Brown. Let’s try the food.--- ____B___A. All right, you are very kind to let me sit down.B. Thank you. Oh, the dishes look so nice.C. I see, I will sit downD. You’re welcome.19. --- Which do you prefer, wine or sprites?--- _____D___A. Let me drink some wine.B. I enjoy wine.C. I like wine better than spirits.D. I’d like to have a little wine first.20. --- I’d like to cash this check, please.--- _____A___ .A. What kind of notes do you want?B. How do you want?C. What do you want?D. What can I do for you?21. He walked into the office and shook hands with a smiling man ____B____ Mr. Black.A. namingB. namedC. by namedD. calling22. The hostess ____D____ until the quests were seated.A. sat downB. was sitting downC. was to sit downD. did n’t sit down23. The new employee finished the report and ________ ..A. turned it inB. turned in itC. turned it upD. turned it on24. If I ________ you, I ________ that job.A. was, would takeB. were, wouldtakeC. was, would have taken.D. were, wouldhave taken25. I’m very interested ________ plants, animals and geography.A. onB. toC. overD. in26. A friend of mine, after 10 years of studying ballet, succeeded ________ becoming a dancer.A. inB. onC. withD. of27. With her yellow hair, Jane is ________ girl as a fairy.A. as beautiful aB. as a beautifulC. as a more beautifulD. so a beautiful28. The lake shone ________ glass in the moonlight and she _______ it very much.A. liking, likedB. liked, likeC. like, likedD. like, likes29. He was willing to do all ________ he could to help his friends.A. whichB. thatC. howD. what30. As we were leaving, we saw the ________ man and his friends entering.A. red hairB. red-hairC. red-hairedD.red-hairing31. ________ , he bought his wife a present..A. On his way to homeB. On his way homeC. In his way homeD. In his way to home32. There are scientific ways ________ which man solves problems.A. inB. withC. atD. on33. I have no idea ________ he has said about the matter.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how34. We are looking forward to ________ the Great Wall again.A. visitB. visitingC. having visitedD. being visited35. Just for today, I’m not going to insist that everything I do ________ perfect.A. wasB. isC. beD. are16. —Do you know what day is today?—_______A_______A. Today is Wednesday.B. It is a fine day.C. It is February 11.D. It is raining.17. —My mother is ill. Could I leave tomorrow?—_______C_______A. Good. You can go.B. Quite well. Please leave.C. No problem. Please do.D. Not bad, if you like.18. —I have never been to a Chinese village, have you?—_______B_______A. Yes, I haven’t..B. No, I haven’t either.C. No, I haven’t too..D. No, I have.19. —When will the performance begin?—_____C______A. About one hour.B. After one hour.C. In one hour.D. At one hour.20.—I wonder if I could take a few days off work.—_____C______A. I’m sure you could leave off work.B. I should say a few days is no problem.C. Why, what’s the matter with you?D. No, you mustn’t go away21. We were ____C____ to leave before the train started.A. longB. keenC. worriedD. anxious22. She intended to make teaching her ___A_____ .A. professionB. workC. employmentD. occupation23. The difference was ____B____ cross the river.A. who toB. how toC. what toD. which to24. Mercury freezes if it is cooled to ____D____ .A. a low too temperatureB. a too low temperatureC. too low temperatureD. too low a temperature25. When it ___D_____ table-tennis, you can never defeat him.A. goesB. isC. aboutD. comes26. At no time during his speech ___C_____ that he would make another film soon.A. he mentionedB. he should mentionC. did he mentionD. should he mention27. A selfish person doesn’t ____D____ other people’s problem.A. to careB. caresC. careD. care about28. It is necessary that ___C_____ before 10 o’clock.A. she returns homeB. for her to return homeC .she return home D. she will return home29. The teacher had no idea ____B____ these two students argued about.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. why30. I’d rather you ____C____ say anything about it for the time being.A. don’tB. wouldn’tC. didn’tD. shouldn’t31. I had a lot of trouble ____C____ the car ________ this morning.A. to get; startedB. to get; startingC. getting; startedD. getting; starting32. She didn’t like to ____A____ the hotel bedroom with a stranger.A. shareB. liveC. stayD .borrow33. We ____D____ advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible.A. used to seeingB. used to seeC. get used to seeD. get used to seeing34. You’d better ____D____ your luggage in case you have missed something.A. find outB. work outC. pick outD. check out35. I am ____B____ Florida on business.A. in my way toB. on my way toC. at my way inD. along my way for3.完形填空A few months ago, Mr. Smith and Mrs. Smith had a big problem. He had a chance to get a promotion at work. Naturally, she wanted him to get it. She wanted him to 36 his best and to make a really good impression at work. She worked very hard to 37 his clothes look clean, but in spite of all her work, she could never get his shirts 38 white as she wanted them to be.Then one day, a good friend happened to visit Mrs. Smith. She 39 her how to solve the problem. “I’d advise you to use new Miracle Gleem! 40 much better than ordinary laundry detergents,” she said.41 Mrs. Smith took her friend’s advice. Now Mr. Smith’s shirts are as 42 as he wants them to be and his company wants him to be their new 43 manager. And now Mrs. Smith wants him to get an even better job. She wants him to 44。

2013年文都考研公共课

一、考研公共课2013年考研英语春季基础阅读（21课时）2013年考研数学春季基础高数第二部分（9课时）2013年考研英语春季基础长难句精讲（9课时）2013年考研数学春季基础高数第一部分（18课时）2013年考研英语核心词汇（16课时）2013年考研政治马原基础导学（4课时）2013年考研政治基础导学（5课时）2013年考研政治史纲基础导学（5课时）2013年考研政治马原基础导学（4课时）2013年考研政治基础导学（5课时）2013年考研政治史纲基础导学（5课时）2013年考研英语词汇高分（9课时）2013年考研英语春季基础精讲写作（9课时）2013年考研政治高分策略精讲（2课时）2013年考研政治高分攻略史纲（2课时）2013年考研政治复习全程规划（2课时）2013年考研政治权威高分规划（2课时）2013年考研政治导学高分规划（2课时）2013年考研政治复习高分规划（2课时）2013年考研政治高分导学史纲（4课时）2013年考研政治高分导学马原（3课时）2013年考研政治高分导学毛中特（4课时）2013年考研政治高分导学马基（5课时）2013年考研英语高分复习讲座（2课时）2013年考研英语复习高分规划（2课时）2013年考研英语高分突破（3课时）2013年考研英语长难句高分导学（4课时）2013年考研英语长难句导学（4课时）2013年考研英语长难句精讲（11课时）2013年考研英语词汇记忆法-3小时突破英语词汇（3课时）2013年考研英语基础过关导学（9课时）2013年考研英语翻译新思维（8课时）2013年考研英语词汇精讲（23课时）2013年考研英语复习全攻略（2课时）2013年考研英语复习高分规划（2课时）2013年考研英语权威复习规划（2课时）2013年考研英语高分突破（2课时）2013年考研数学线性代数公开课（5课时）2013年考研数学高数中值定理及定积分公开课（5课时）2013年考研数学复习全程规划（3课时）2013年考研数学复习高分规划（2课时）2013年考研数学高分导学（16课时）2013年考研数学高等数学导学（20课时）2012年考研数学真题解析及2013考研复习规划（2课时）新东方政治包含课程1、政治基础班（1）马克思主义原理基础2、政治强化班（1）马克思主义原理强化（2）毛泽东思想与中国特色社会主义理论体系概论强化（3）中国近现代史纲要强化（4）思想道德修养与法律基础强化（5）当代世界经济与政治强化3、政治冲刺班（1）马克思主义原理冲刺（2）毛泽东思想与中国特色社会主义理论体系冲刺（3）中国近现代史纲要冲刺（4）思想道德修养与法律基础冲刺（5）当代经济与政治冲刺（6）政治时政精讲4、政治高分点睛班5、赠送课程（1）新大纲解析班（2）复试口语特训（3）复试听力特训。

2013考研英语一阅读

2013考研英语一阅读2013年的考研英语一阅读部分，对于许多考生来说，是一次挑战与机遇并存的体验。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，从社会现象到科技发展，从文化差异到经济问题，无一不体现了出题者对于考生综合理解能力的考查。

文章的第一篇讲述了全球化背景下，不同文化之间的交流与碰撞。

作者通过一系列生动的例子，展示了文化差异如何影响人们的日常生活和商业活动。

文章强调了跨文化交流的重要性，并提出了一些有效的沟通策略，以帮助人们更好地理解和适应不同的文化环境。

第二篇文章则聚焦于科技对人类生活的影响。

文章指出，随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活变得更加便捷，但同时也带来了一些负面影响，如隐私泄露和信息过载。

作者呼吁人们在享受科技带来的便利的同时，也要警惕其潜在的风险，并采取相应的措施来保护个人权益。

第三篇阅读材料探讨了经济危机对全球经济的影响。

文章分析了经济危机的成因，以及它对不同国家和地区经济的冲击。

作者认为，面对经济危机，各国需要加强合作，共同应对挑战，以实现经济的稳定和复苏。

最后一篇文章则关注了环境问题。

文章描述了全球气候变化的严峻形势，以及它对人类社会和自然环境的深远影响。

作者强调了采取有效措施减少温室气体排放的重要性，并提出了一些可能的解决方案，如发展可再生能源和提高能源效率。

整体来看，2013年考研英语一的阅读部分不仅考查了考生的语言能力，还考查了他们对当代社会重要问题的理解和分析能力。

这些文章的选材和内容，无疑为考生提供了一个全面了解世界的机会，同时也为他们未来的学术研究和职业发展奠定了坚实的基础。

2013考研英语阅读

2013考研英语阅读在2013年的考研英语考试中，阅读理解部分无疑是考察考生英语能力的重要环节。

这部分不仅测试了考生对文章的理解和分析能力，还考察了他们对细节的把握和推理判断能力。

文章选材广泛，涉及社会、文化、科技等多个领域，要求考生具备较强的语言综合运用能力。

首先，考生在阅读文章时需要快速捕捉文章的主旨大意。

这通常可以通过阅读文章的首段和尾段来实现，因为这些段落往往包含了文章的核心观点。

此外，考生还应注意文章中的转折词和连接词，这些词汇往往标志着作者观点的转变或强调，对于理解文章结构和逻辑关系至关重要。

其次，细节理解是阅读理解中的关键部分。

考生需要仔细阅读文章中的每个段落，特别是那些包含数据、例子和引用的段落。

这些信息往往是题目中细节题的来源。

在解答这类题目时，考生应迅速定位到原文中的相关信息，并对比选项，找出最符合原文意思的答案。

推理判断题也是阅读理解中常见的题型。

这类题目要求考生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，得出结论。

在解答这类题目时，考生需要避免主观臆断，而应基于文章提供的信息进行客观分析。

有时，正确答案可能并不是文章中直接给出的信息，而是需要考生通过分析和比较不同信息点来得出。

此外，考生在备考过程中还应注意提高阅读速度和理解能力。

这可以通过广泛阅读不同题材和难度的文章来实现。

同时，定期进行模拟练习也是提高应试能力的有效方法。

在模拟练习中，考生应严格按照考试时间限制来完成阅读和答题，以培养在有限时间内快速准确答题的能力。

最后，考生在考试中应保持良好的心态。

阅读理解部分虽然难度较大，但只要考生在平时的学习和练习中打下坚实的基础，考试时保持冷静和自信，就能够取得理想的成绩。

通过不断的努力和练习，考生可以提高自己的英语阅读能力，为考研英语考试的成功打下坚实的基础。

考研2013英语阅读

考研2013英语阅读考研英语阅读是考研英语考试中的重要组成部分，它不仅考察学生的词汇量和语法知识，还考察学生的阅读理解能力和逻辑分析能力。

2013年的考研英语阅读部分，相较于往年，难度有所提升，但依然遵循了一定的出题规律和技巧。

首先，2013年的考研英语阅读材料涵盖了多个领域，包括科技、社会、文化、经济等，这要求考生具备广泛的知识面和对不同话题的敏感度。

在阅读过程中，考生需要快速捕捉文章的主旨大意，理解作者的观点和态度，同时要注意文章中的细节信息，这些细节往往是解题的关键。

其次，2013年的考研英语阅读题目类型多样，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题等。

对于细节理解题，考生需要仔细阅读文章，找到与题目相关的信息点，然后进行比较和分析，选出正确答案。

推理判断题则要求考生在理解文章的基础上，进行逻辑推理，找出作者的隐含意义。

词义猜测题则需要考生根据上下文的语境，推断生词或短语的含义。

而主旨大意题则要求考生把握文章的整体结构和中心思想，选出最能概括文章主题的选项。

在解题技巧方面，2013年的考研英语阅读同样适用一些通用的策略。

例如，考生可以采用略读和寻读相结合的方法，先快速浏览文章，把握大意，然后再根据题目要求，有针对性地寻找相关信息。

此外，考生还需要注意文章中的转折词、比较级和最高级等语言标志，这些往往预示着作者的观点转变或强调，对于理解文章和解题都有很大帮助。

最后，考生在备考2013年考研英语阅读时，应该注重平时的积累和训练。

通过大量阅读英文材料，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

同时，也要不断练习历年真题，熟悉题型和出题规律，掌握解题技巧。

只有这样，才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。

2013同等学力--英语--基础班--阅读理解-12-12-09-王蕙老师(ppt)

同等学力考研英语基础巩固班阅读理解（5）推断•1、逻辑推断•归纳推断•演绎推断•2、事实和细节推断•原因、结果、条件、方法•3、主观态度推断•作者态度•写作目的•风格笔调领会作者的观点与态度•作者态度推断题阅读公式：•正确答案=话题+表达话题的用词•1. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude?•2. The author holds different opinions from other people in that________..•3. What is the main purpose of the passage?•4. What is the author's attitude towards…?•1．归纳推断题阅读公式：•具体事例（叙述）1•具体事例（叙述）2 = 正确答案•具体事例（叙述）3•常见的此类题目的提问方式通常是：•What can be concluded from…?•What can be learned from…?•It can be learned from…that _______.•It can be inferred from…that _______.•It is implied in the passage that ______.••Wolong is but one example of this difficulty. This494 000-acre preserve was declared a protected area in1975. Yet 1 800 people, mostly Tibetans, still live in the preserve, logging trucks still roll down the narrow mountain roads, and blasting work still goes on at the site of a new160 000-kilowatt hydroelectric plant just six miles away. （1997年第三篇）•47. Which of the following threatens the pandas’survival in the Wolong preserve?•A. Local population.•B. Economic development.•C. Unfavorable environment.•D. All of the above.•2．演绎推断题阅读公式：•原文中与题干相关的概括表述（推断的前提）••具体事例的个别情况••正确答案•Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at studying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. （1999年第五篇）•58. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach _________.•A. pure science B. environmental science•C. applied science D. agricultural science• 3. 事实推断题公式：•正确答案≈原文中含有题干关键词的一句话•这类题目的常见的提问方式有：•1．It can be inferred from… that ________.•2．It is implied/indicate in…that __________.•3．The author implies that _______.•At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country.•53. In the passage the author implies that _________.• A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warming• B. the problem of global warming has largely been solved• C.it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer• D. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment•4．逻辑推断题阅读公式：•正确答案=根据原文可以分析得出的原因、条件、结果、行为•常见的此类题目的提问方式通常是：•What can be learned from…?•It can be learned from…that _______.•It can be inferred from…that _______.•American fire departments are some of the world's fastest and best-equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japan's population, and40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them.•. （1998年第二篇）•43. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.•A. fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adults•B. American children have not received enough education of fire safety lesson•C. Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the United States•D. America's large population accounts for high fire frequency•1、依据题干或答案选项回原文中定位；•2、做出有依据的逻辑推断；•3、合理使用排除法；。

2013年考研英语一阅读

2013年考研英语一阅读The 2013 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English I Reading ComprehensionThe year 2013 marked a significant milestone for aspiring postgraduate students in China as they faced the challenge of the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, also known as the Kaoyan. This comprehensive exam, which includes a reading comprehension section in English, is a crucial step in the pursuit of advanced academic degrees. The reading comprehension portion of the exam evaluates a candidate's ability to understand and analyze complex texts in the English language, a skill that is essential for success in postgraduate studies.The reading comprehension section of the Kaoyan English I exam typically consists of several passages, each accompanied by a set of questions designed to assess the test-taker's understanding of the content, language, and overall structure of the text. The passages cover a wide range of topics, from academic subjects to current events and societal issues, challenging the candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in English comprehension and critical thinking.One of the key aspects of the reading comprehension section is the ability to identify the main idea or central theme of the passage. This requires a deep understanding of the text and the ability to synthesize the various elements into a coherent and meaningful interpretation. Candidates must also be able to recognize the author's purpose, tone, and rhetorical strategies, as well as identify the supporting details and evidence that contribute to the overall argument or narrative.Another crucial skill tested in the reading comprehension section is the ability to draw inferences and make logical connections between the information presented in the passage. This involves reading between the lines, understanding implied meanings, and making informed deductions based on the context and the given information. Candidates must also be adept at identifying the relationship between different parts of the text, such as cause and effect, comparison and contrast, or problem and solution.In addition to these fundamental comprehension skills, the Kaoyan English I reading comprehension section also assesses the candidates' vocabulary and language proficiency. Candidates are expected to demonstrate a strong grasp of English grammar, syntax, and idiomatic expressions, as well as the ability to understand and interpret the nuances of the language. This includes the ability torecognize and comprehend the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases within the context of the passage.Preparing for the Kaoyan English I reading comprehension section requires a comprehensive and systematic approach. Candidates must engage in extensive reading of a wide variety of English texts, ranging from academic articles and research papers to news articles and literary works. This exposure to diverse genres and styles of writing helps to build a strong foundation in English comprehension and language proficiency.In addition to extensive reading, candidates should also practice answering sample questions and engage in mock exams to familiarize themselves with the format and structure of the Kaoyan English I reading comprehension section. This not only helps to improve their test-taking skills but also allows them to identify areas of weakness and focus their study efforts accordingly.Furthermore, candidates should also work on improving their critical thinking and analytical skills. This involves the ability to identify the main ideas, recognize the author's purpose and tone, and make logical inferences based on the given information. Developing these higher-order thinking skills is crucial for success in the Kaoyan English I reading comprehension section.In conclusion, the reading comprehension section of the Kaoyan English I exam is a pivotal component of the overall examination process. It challenges candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in English language comprehension, critical thinking, and analytical skills. Preparation for this section requires a comprehensive and systematic approach, including extensive reading, practice with sample questions, and the development of critical thinking abilities. By mastering the skills tested in the reading comprehension section, candidates can increase their chances of success in the Kaoyan and pave the way for their postgraduate studies.。

2013考研阅读部分—翻译分语法点解析

Withered vines hanging on old branches, Returning crows croaking at dusk. A few houses hidden past a narrow bridge And below the bridge a quiet creek running. Down a worn path, in the west wind, A lean horse comes plodding. The sun dips down in the west And the lovesick traveler is still at the end of the world.
sth else. 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。 (2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, it是形式主语, 真正的主语为: to sit comfortably at home, 并与to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。 (3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.

这个句子总共有36个单词。它的结构包括：while引导的主从复合句；主句中that引导的定语从句；从句中as...as的结构。 conform to “符合于，倾向于认为”因此整个句子非常复杂，对翻译造成了许多困难。
文字游戏的翻译

I love my love with an E, because she’s enticing; I hate her with an E, because she’s engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement. Her name’s Emily, and she lives in the east?

2013年考研英语阅读【学生版】教材

2013年考研英语阅读理解[强化讲义]北京大学英语系索玉柱博士[教授]编讲第1节学真题、辨句义、记词汇★认知心理学原理在近年的命题中得到了应用，特别在‘阅读理解’和‘议论文写作’中最为明显。

比如，归纳理解文章的概念性含义、推导段义以及段落之间关系的题目越来越隐含，写作题目的综合性越来越强。

2010--2012年考题的效度和难度作为今后宏观命题的范例，恰好要求考生加倍重视复习高频率词汇和句式理解上。

★我们倡导和突出‘英语复习贵在系统的理念’。

“循序渐进、系统提高、做中得学”的英语学习内在规律已经被大家欣然接受。

我们提倡这一理念：‘循序渐进’就是不断提升高效的阅读能力，因为考研英语的成功就是阅读的成功。

近年的考研阅读试题不只停留在对文字表层含义的考查上，就连“完型填空”和“英译汉”也是如此，而是侧重考查对文字的深层含义以及对‘长句·难段’的认知能力上。

所以，我们要求考生朋友要遵循‘新题先复习’的策略；要注意把精读4篇阅读理解和泛读其他文章结合起来。

我们一贯提倡“先抓真题，后加模拟、做题而促学”的一揽子规划。

abound vi.（物产）大量存在；充满，富于[真题] Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. [2012年T3]误解、错误、自欺欺人的情况不胜枚举。

[解析] 一般而言，我们对有负面含义的词语比较敏感，所以需要我们正确判断全句的语义指向；比如上例指的是（负面行为的）‘机会’或‘情况’大量存在，而不是指负面行为本身处处可见。

extinguish v. ①熄灭，扑灭；This is a new method of extinguishing forest fires.这是一种扑灭森林之火的新方法。

②使消亡，使破灭[真题] If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. [2003年T2] 如果善良的人无动于衷，不了解真相的人们很可能会将医学进步的珍贵火种扑灭。

2013英语一阅读4

2013英语一阅读42013年考研英语一阅读理解部分共四篇，具体如下：Passage 1The first paragraph of the text introduces the topic of the article: the role of social media in the financial crisis. It points out that social media played a crucial role in the financial crisis and caused panic among investors.Passage 2The second paragraph of the text discusses the impact of social media on the financial industry. It points out that social media has made it easier for investors to share information and opinions, but also easier for false information to spread. This has led to increased volatility in the financial markets and made it more difficult for investors to make informed decisions.Passage 3The third paragraph of the text discusses the impact of social media on traditional media. It points out that social media has made traditional media more accountable and transparent, but also led to the rise of citizen journalism and the decline of professional journalism. This has made it more difficult for traditional media to maintain their influence and authority.Passage 4The fourth paragraph of the text concludes by summarizing the impact of social media on the financial industry and traditional media. It points out that social media has brought both positive and negative impacts, but ultimately it has made the financial industry more transparent and accountable.请注意，上述阅读理解的分段及具体内容是根据一般逻辑推断得出，仅供您参考，如有疑问请参考实际题目和解析。

2013年考研英语一第4篇阅读理解

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.周一，最高法院以5:3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州的移民法律，这对于奥巴马政府温和的移民政策来说是一场胜利。

但对于宪法而言更重要的是，决策以8-0的结果打败了政府想要打乱联邦政府和州之间的力量均衡的努力In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.美国亚利桑那州，大多数人推翻了能使州和本地警力执行联邦移民法律的争议方案提出的4项特权中的3项；宪章原则上规定只有华盛顿能有权利建立统一的国籍归化法则并且联邦法律优先于州法律是毋庸置疑的。

2013年考研英语一第四篇文章阅读精讲

2013年考研英语一第四篇文章阅读精讲文章主题：文章讨论了人类对自然的干预和改造对生态系统的影响，指出过度干预可能导致生态系统的破坏和物种的灭绝。

文章通过举例说明，强调了保护生态系统的重要性。

文章结构：1. 引言：提出人类对自然的干预和改造对生态系统的影响问题。

2. 正文：过度干预可能导致生态系统的破坏和物种的灭绝。

举例说明人类对生态系统的干预和改造。

强调保护生态系统的重要性。

3. 结论：总结文章主旨，呼吁人们保护生态系统。

重点词汇：1. intervention：干预，介入。

2. transformation：改造，改变。

3. ecosystem：生态系统。

4. destruction：破坏，毁灭。

5. extinction：灭绝，消亡。

6. overexploitation：过度开发。

7. biodiversity：生物多样性。

8. conservation：保护，保存。

9. sustainable：可持续的。

10. interventionism：干预主义。

长难句解析：1. The world has already started down this path, with various environmental problems caused by the reckless use of technology and the relentless consumption of resources.（人类已经开始沿着这条道路前进，由于技术的滥用和资源的无节制消耗，已经引发了各种环境问题。

）2. The lesson from nature is that ecosystems are resilient only to the extent that they can fend for themselves, and human intervention is not always helpful.（从自然界中得到的教训是，生态系统只有在能够自我维持的情况下才具有弹性，而人类的干预并不总是有益的。

2013讲义007

2013武汉海天英语高辅课程讲义（7）Text 1Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy ; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor form its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional.I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is not use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought of that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who in old age can see his life in this way will not suffer from the fear of death. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.Text 2Aristotle wrote that men come together in cities to live, but stay in them to live the good life. It was the Greeks who invented the idea of the city, and urbanity continues as a thriving tradition. But in the first decade of the 21st century, urban life is changing. “Cities are now junctions in the flows of people, information, finance and freight,” says Nigel Harris, a professor of development planning. “They’re less and less places where people live and wo rk.”The enlargement of the European Union in December in 2002 has given residents of up to 13 new member nations freedom of movement within its borders. At the same time, an additional 13.5 million immigrants a year will be needed in the EU just to keep a stable ratio between workers and pensioners over the next half century. All this mobility will make Europe’s cities nodes of nomadism, linked to each other by high-speed trains and cheap airline flights. The bustle around airports and train stations wi ll make the crowds in Europe’s great piazza look thin by comparison. Urban designers, with a freshly pricked interest in transience rather than stasis, are even now dreaming up cityscapes that focus on flows of people and fungible uses for buildings.Pu blic spaces are due for a revamp. Earlier architects conceived of train stations as single buildings; today’s designers are thinking of them as transit zones that link to the city around them, pouring travelers into bus stations and surrounding shops, In Amsterdam, urban planner Ben van Berkel, co-director of the design firm of UN Studio, has developed what he calls Deep Planning Strategy, which inverts the traditional “top-down” approach: the creation of a space comes before the flow of people through it. With 3-D modeling and animation, he’s able to look at different population groups use public spaces at different times of the day. He uses the data to design spaces that accommodate mobs at rush hour and sparser crowds at other times.The growing mobili ty of Europe has inspired a debate about the look and feel of urban sprawl. “Up until now, all our cultural heritage has been concentrated in the city center,” notes Prof. Heinrich Moding of the German Institute of Urban Affairs. “But we’ve got to imagine how it’s possible to have joyful vibrancy in these outlying parts, so that they’re not just about garages, highways and gasoline tanks.” The designs of new building are also changing to anticipate the emerging city as a way station. Buildings have been seen as disconnecting, isolating, defining. But increasingly, the quality of space that’s in demand is movement.。

研究生英语阅读教程(基础级-第三版)-教学课件 solar power plane

Can you imagine a plane that doesn’t need any fuel? Here it is. It’s a solar-powered plane.你能想象的出一架不用任何燃料的飞机吗？看，这就是，一架太阳能飞机。

It’s only a prototype right now but a man in Switzerland took it for a test flight and the take-off, they say was, pretty smooth.目前这还只是一架原型机，不过瑞士的一名飞行员架着它完成了一次试飞。

测试人员称，飞机起飞十分平稳。

That’s pretty cool! The propellers lifted off the ground at 28 miles per hour. And they say there are 12 solar cells built into its wings.太酷了！飞机飞离地面后，以每小时28英里的速度向高空爬升。

技术人员称，飞机的两翼内置有12块太阳能电池。

A night flight has planned before July and then a second plane will be built based on those results. They hope to fly that second plane around the world within two years.计划今年7月前再执行一次夜间试飞，之后，下一架太阳能飞机就基于这些研究成果来制造。

技术人员们期望，下一架飞机能够实现在两年内环绕地球飞行。

You know I look at something like this and I think, ooh the future of this will be that our planes could be solar-powered, and it’d better still pay 40 dollars to check a bag. That’s probably still what would happen.知道吗，当我看到它时，我就想，喔，将来的飞机就都可以用太阳能提供动力了，最好呢，就是机票还是40美元。

2013考研阅读英语

2013考研阅读英语在2013年的考研英语阅读部分，考生们面临着一系列挑战，这些挑战不仅考验了他们的语言能力，还考验了他们对文章结构和内容的理解。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，包括科技、文化、教育和环境等，要求考生具备较高的词汇量和快速阅读的能力。

文章的结构通常遵循传统的段落划分，每个段落都围绕着一个中心思想展开。

考生需要在有限的时间内，快速识别出每个段落的主旨，并理解作者的观点和论据。

此外，文章中常常包含一些复杂的句型和长难句，这要求考生具备较强的语法分析能力。

在阅读过程中，考生需要留意文章中的关键词和短语，这些往往是理解文章和回答问题的关键。

同时，考生还需要关注文章中的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、对比等，这些关系有助于考生把握文章的整体结构和作者的意图。

对于阅读理解部分，考生需要掌握一定的解题技巧。

例如，通过快速浏览文章的首尾段落，可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。

在回答问题时，考生应仔细阅读问题，理解问题的意图，并在文章中寻找相应的信息点。

有时，问题的答案可能直接在文章中给出，而有时则需要考生进行推理和判断。

2013年的考研英语阅读部分也强调了对细节的考察。

考生需要在阅读时留意文章中的具体数据、例子和引用，这些细节信息往往是回答问题的关键。

同时，考生还需要具备一定的推理能力，能够根据文章提供的信息，推断出作者未明确表述的观点或结论。

总的来说，2013年的考研英语阅读部分要求考生具备全面的阅读技能，包括快速阅读、理解主旨、分析细节和推理判断等。

通过有效的阅读策略和解题技巧，考生可以在这一部分取得优异的成绩。

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