儿科英文名解题目
儿科英文名解
儿科英文名解1．Classification of Neonate（新生儿分类）1)Full term infant（足月儿）:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and42 weeks2)Preterm infant(早产儿):Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeks3)Post-term infant（过期儿）:Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeks4)Low birth weight neonate(LBW)（低出生体重儿）:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g5)Very low birth weight neonate(VLBW)（极低出生体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is lessthan 1500g6)Normal birth weight neonate（正常体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and4000g7)Macrosomia neonate（巨大儿）: Neonate whose BW is over 4000g8)Small for gestational age(SGA)（小于胎龄儿）:Infants whose BW are under P10 of thesame GA infants’BW9)Appropriate gestational age(AGA)（适于体重儿）: Infants whose BW are ranging fromP10 to P90 of the same GA infants’BW10)Large gestational age(LGA)（大于胎龄儿）: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the sameGA infants’BW11)Early newbore（早期新生儿）:Neoborn less than 1 week12)Late newbore（晚期新生儿）:Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks2.Neutral temperature（中性温度）:An appropriate environmental temperaturewhich can keep a neoborn’s normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .3. Apnea（呼吸暂停）: when asphyxia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirate inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.4. Physiological body weight decline（生理性体重下降）: Intatedeficiency, fatal stool paused and water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline (3%--9%), and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days .5. Physiological anemia（生理性贫血）: When neonate of 2—3 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover .6. Physiological diarrhea（生理性腹泻）: Physiological diarrhea usuallyoccurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Physical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements.7. Project Immunity（计划免疫）: According to characteristics of children’simmunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.8.Serious Pneumonia（重症肺炎）:Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia.Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom is also apparent.9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界）: Therespiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle.10.Discrepant Cyanosis（差异性紫绀）: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA.Because of PDA, the blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body.11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which containsantibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough.12. Eisenmenger syndrome（Eisenmenger 综合征）: Eisenmengersyndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically created extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.13.Additional nursing（补授法）: When the breast milk is not enough, the babywithin 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.14.Substitutional nursing（代授法）: When the breast milk is enough but themother can’t feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some times.15.Malnutrition（营养不良）: It is a disease caused by lacking of energy andprotein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders.16. Obesity（肥胖症）: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fator adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.28 Corticoid sensitivity（激素敏感）referring to proteinuria became negative ,edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy.,29 Partial corticoid sensitivity（激素部分敏感）: Edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy but proteinuria is still + ～ ++.30 Corticoid dependent（激素依赖） : Sensitive to corticoidrelieved rapidly after treatment but relapse occurs when the dose reduced or stopped within 2 weeks ,again relieved when resuming full doses or restart treatment and this repeated 2 to 3 times.31 Corticoid resistant（激素耐药） : Referring to the protein in the urine is still over ++ when the treatment has been for full 8 weeks.32 Relapse（复发） and repetition（反复） : Proteinuria hasbeen become negative and the hormone treatment has stopped for morethan 4 weeds ,again the protein in the urine is over ++ is called relapse ;If the above symptoms during treatment is defined as repetition.Frequent relapse（频复发） and frequent repetition （频反复） : Refers to relapse or repetition occurs not less than twice within 6 months.33 Extra-medulla hemopoiesis（髓外造血） :In order to adaptto the anemia caused by infection or hemolysis and so on. After birth especially at infant stage , the live is enlarged for regaining the hemopoietic state. In fetal state this may accompanied by splenolymphomegaly ,nucleated red cells and premature neutrophils can be found in peripheral blood . This specific reaction of infant’s hemopoietic organs is called extra-medullar hemopoiesis.34.Physiological hemolysis（生理性溶血）: Fetal is in theenvironment of low PO2, so the quantity of RBC is large. After birth, PO2 rises. The quantity of RBC is relatively surplus, so many of them are vulnerable to be destroyed. The life of neonatal RBC is short, too.35 Anemia（贫血） : The numbers of erythrocytes or the concentration ofhemoglobin per volume in the tipping circulation is under normal. According to the data from WHO, the lower limit of hemoglobin in 6 months to 6-year old children is 110g/L.6 to 14 years old is 120g/L,the hemoglobin increases 4 percent as altitude raises every 1000 meters; lower than these numbers is called anemia .36 Tripod sign（十字架征） : Positive sign is when child sits up ,hehas to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position.37.Physiological jaundice（生理性黄疸）: Because of the featureof neonatal bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby.38.Pathological jaundice（病理性黄疸）:1) The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born.2) The bilirubin in the serum is higher than from 205.2 to 256.5 umol/L or raise 85 umol/L per day.3) The jaundice of term delivery lasts more than 2 weeks. The jaundice of premature lasts more than 4 weeks.4) The jaundice relapses.5) The conjunctive bilirubin is more than 24 umol/L.39.Pharyngo-conjunctival fever（咽结合膜热）: It’s adisease which is caused by virus and is on epidemic in spring and summer, with the feature of fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. High fever, pharynache, tingle in eyes and pharyngeal congestion. Conjunctivitis emerged in one or two sides and lymph nodes of cervix and behind the ear are common and sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms . Its process is one to two weeks .40 Herpangina（疱疹性咽峡炎）: It is caused by Coxackie group Avirus and often seen in summer and spring. It can spread in children collective organization. It is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, tingling in eyes, pharyngeal congestion ,herpes with flush around about 2 to 4 mm in diameter can be found on pharyngepalatal arch uvula , soft palate ,ulceration formed after splitting ,the course is about 1 weeks .。
儿科英文名解
儿科英文名解1．Classification of Neonate（新生儿分类）1)Full term infant（足月儿）:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and42 weeks2)Preterm infant(早产儿):Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeks3)Post-term infant（过期儿）:Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeks4)Low birth weight neonate(LBW)（低出生体重儿）:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g5)Very low birth weight neonate(VLBW)（极低出生体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is lessthan 1500g6)Normal birth weight neonate（正常体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and4000g7)Macrosomia neonate（巨大儿）: Neonate whose BW is over 4000g8)Small for gestational age(SGA)（小于胎龄儿）:Infants whose BW are under P10 of thesame GA infants’BW9)Appropriate gestational age(AGA)（适于体重儿）: Infants whose BW are ranging fromP10 to P90 of the same GA infants’BW10)Large gestational age(LGA)（大于胎龄儿）: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the sameGA infants’BW11)Early newbore（早期新生儿）:Neoborn less than 1 week12)Late newbore（晚期新生儿）:Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks2.Neutral temperature（中性温度）:An appropriate environmental temperaturewhich can keep a neoborn’s normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .3. Apnea（呼吸暂停）: when asphyxia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirate inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.4. Physiological body weight decline（生理性体重下降）: Intatedeficiency, fatal stool paused and water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline (3%--9%), and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days .5. Physiological anemia（生理性贫血）: When neonate of 2—3 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover .6. Physiological diarrhea（生理性腹泻）: Physiological diarrhea usuallyoccurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Physical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements.7. Project Immunity（计划免疫）: According to characteristics of children’simmunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.8.Serious Pneumonia（重症肺炎）:Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia.Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom is also apparent.9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界）: Therespiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle.10.Discrepant Cyanosis（差异性紫绀）: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA.Because of PDA, the blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body.11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which containsantibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough.12. Eisenmenger syndrome（Eisenmenger 综合征）: Eisenmengersyndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically created extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.13.Additional nursing（补授法）: When the breast milk is not enough, the babywithin 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.14.Substitutional nursing（代授法）: When the breast milk is enough but themother can’t feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some times.15.Malnutrition（营养不良）: It is a disease caused by lacking of energy andprotein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders.16. Obesity（肥胖症）: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fator adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.17. Koplik spots（麻疹黏膜斑）: ulcerations on buccal mucosa around Stensenduct; spotty enanthema in oral cavity, may precede rash18. Harrison's groove（郝氏沟）: The distal end of the ribs are weak and may bedepressed by the negativeintrathoracic pressure developed during respiration with a resultant semicoronal impression being found at the costal attachment of the diaphragm, leading to the formation of Harrison's groove.19. Rachitic rosary（佝偻病串珠）: a radiographic appearance of thecostochondral junctions of the middle ribs in rickets. This appearance results from the presence of bulky growth plates at the bone or cartilage junctions.20. Chvostek's sign（Chvostek's 征）: Chvostek's sign is contraction of themuscles of the eye, mouth or nose, elicited by tapping along the course of the facial nerve. The examiner taps gently over the facial nerve in front of the ear. This is a sign of a latent tetany.21. Trousseau sign（Trousseau 征）: It is carpal spasm after 5 minutes ofinflation of a pressure cuff between the patient’s systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.This measure assesses nerve irritability and is more specific for tetany of vitamin D deficiency.22.Severe asthma（重症哮喘）including acute serious asthma attack , lastingstatus of asthma and deterioration of intractable asthma.23. Persistant asthma（哮喘持续状态）: It is a condition of severe acuteattack of asthma which can not be released by proper drug in 24 hours.24. Tuberculous infection（结核感染）: It is an infection of tubercle bacillus.In this condition, the patient’s test of tuberculin and the test of serum PPD-IgM or IgG antibody are positive. But the tubercle focus can not be found in patient’s body.25. Endogenous infection（内源性感染）: When the patient eat too much orthe components of the food are not balanced ,the process of the digestion will be slowed down. And the food which can not be fully digested will stay in the upper part of the small intestine. Then the PH of the intestinal carvity will decreased. It leads to a result that the bacteria from the lower part of the intestine will move up and multip;y . The food then will be ferment and rot by those bacteria.26 Aschoff body（风湿小体）:It is aone of the tiny lumps in heart muscle that aretypical of rheumatic heart disease and consist of swollen collagen ,cells and fibrils.27 Primary complex:（原发综合征）It is a combination of primary focus ofinfection in the lung parenchyma and caseous involvement of the regional lymph nodes ,usually hilar nodes.has to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position.37.Physiological jaundice（生理性黄疸）: Because of the featureof neonatal bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby.38.Pathological jaundice（病理性黄疸）:1) The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born.2) The bilirubin in the serum is higher than from 205.2 to 256.5 umol/L or raise 85 umol/L per day.3) The jaundice of term delivery lasts more than 2 weeks. The jaundice of premature lasts more than 4 weeks.4) The jaundice relapses.5) The conjunctive bilirubin is more than 24 umol/L.39.Pharyngo-conjunctival fever（咽结合膜热）: It’s adisease which is caused by virus and is on epidemic in spring and summer, with the feature of fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. High fever, pharynache, tingle in eyes and pharyngeal congestion. Conjunctivitis emerged in one or two sides and lymph nodes of cervix and behind the ear are common and sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms . Its process is one to two weeks .40 Herpangina（疱疹性咽峡炎）: It is caused by Coxackie group Avirus and often seen in summer and spring. It can spread in children collective organization. It is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, tingling in eyes, pharyngeal congestion ,herpes with flush around about 2 to 4 mm in diameter can be found on pharyngepalatal arch uvula , soft palate ,ulceration formed after splitting ,the course is about 1 weeks .。
早产儿
疾病名：早产儿英文名：premature infant缩写：别名：preemie；preemy；premature baby；未成熟儿；早产婴儿ICD号：P07.3分类：儿科概述：早产儿尚无统一的定义，目前我国多把胎龄＜37周(259天)出生的新生儿称为早产儿，这一定义不考虑体重。
国外早产儿多指孕周满20周至不满37周，体重在500g至不足2500g者。
其中，孕周不满32足周者称极早产儿。
绝大多数早产儿出生体重均低下，出生体重＜2500g者，称低出生体重儿(low birthweight infant，LBWI)；出生体重1000～1499g者，称极低出生体重儿(very low birthweight infant，VLBWI)；出生体重＜1000g者，称超低出生体重儿(extreme low birthweight infant，ELBWI)。
由于早产儿自身的解剖生理特点所决定，一些疾病的发生率较高，死亡率也较高，达12.7%～20.8%，远高于足月儿，因而了解早产儿的生理、病理特点对临床有重要意义。
流行病学：1.发生率 按照我国早产儿的定义，其发生率为5%～10%。
据上海市杨浦区5所医院(上海第二医科大学附属新华医院、上海第二军医大学附属长海医院、杨浦区中心医院、上海第二纺织医院以及杨浦区妇婴保健院)1999年的统计资料显示，在5000例活产婴儿中，早产儿的发生率为4.4%。
上海市第一妇婴保健院1995～1999年5年内在11027例活产婴儿中，早产儿的发生率为9.96%(该院为上海市早产儿中心，有较高的高危孕妇胎内转运率)。
中国香港特别行政区的早产儿发生率为7.45%。
美国为7.1%～17.9%不等，其中黑人发生率高于白人，而华人发生率则低于白人。
2.病死率 国内报道病死率为12.7%～20.8%。
体重愈低病死率愈高。
尤以＜1000g病死率更高。
国外报道，胎龄愈小，体重愈低，病死率愈高。
Aaxqhxd医学科目英文名
生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。
－－泰戈尔医用高等数学medical altitude maths医学物理学medical physics基础化学basic chemistry有机化学organic chemistry医学生物学medical biology系统的解剖学systemic anatomy局部解剖学topology anatomy组织学histology胚胎学embryology生物化学biochemistry生理学physiology医学微生物学medical microbiology人体寄生虫学human parasitology医学免疫学medical immunology病理学pathology病理生理学pathphysiology药理学phatmacology医学心理学medical psychology法医学medical jurispurdence诊断学diagnostics内科学medicine外科学surgery妇产科学tokology儿科学pedology神经病学neurology精神病学psychiatry传染病学epidemiolgy眼科学ophthalmology耳鼻喉科学ear-nose-throat department口腔科学nonnasality science皮肤性病学derma-venerea disease核医学nucleus medicine流行病学epidemiology卫生学hygienics预防医学prevent medicine中医学herbalist medicine医学分子生物学medical numerator biology医学细胞生物学medical matrix biology 医学遗传学medical genetics临床药理学clinical pharmacology医学统计学medical statistics 医学伦理学medical ethnics。
新生儿生理性黄疸
疾病名：新生儿生理性黄疸英文名：neonatal physiological jaundice缩写：别名：physiological jaundice of newborn；发育性高胆红素血症；新生儿暂时性黄疸ICD号：P59.8分类：儿科概述：新生儿生理性黄疸是由于新生儿胆红素代谢特点所引起，是正常新生儿在生长过程中的一种生理现象。
黄疸是由于体内胆红素的增高引起皮肤、黏膜或其他器官黄染的现象。
成人血清胆红素＞34µmol/L(2mg/dl)时，巩膜和皮肤可见黄染，新生儿由于毛细血管丰富，胆红素＞85µmol/L (5mg/dl)时才出现皮肤黄染。
新生儿黄疸分生理性黄疸(physiological jaundice)和病理性黄疸两类。
流行病学：约有60%～70%的足月儿和80%的早产儿出现生理性黄疸。
近年来国内外许多学者通过大量的临床研究和调查，认识到生理性黄疸的程度受许多因素的影响，不仅有个体差异，也与种族、地区、遗传、性别、喂养方式等有关。
东方人比西方人，美国印第安人比白种人要高。
病因：1.胆红素生成多 胆红素生成较多原因有：(1)红细胞破坏多：胎儿在宫内处于低氧环境，红细胞代偿性增多，但寿命短，出生后血氧含量增高，过多的红细胞被迅速破坏。
(2)旁路胆红素来源多。
(3)血红素加氧酶含量高：在生后7天内含量高，产生胆红素的潜力大。
2.肝功能不成熟(1)肝摄取胆红素能力差：肝细胞内Y、Z蛋白含量不足，使肝对胆红素摄取不足。
(2)肝结合胆红素功能差：肝内葡萄糖醛酸转移酶含量低且活力不足，形成结合胆红素的功能差。
(3)肝排泄胆红素功能差：排泄结合胆红素的功能差，易致胆汁淤积。
3.肠-肝循环特点 新生儿刚出生时肠道内正常菌群尚未建立，不能将进入肠道的胆红素转化为尿胆原(粪胆原)，且新生儿肠道内β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性较高，将肠道内的结合胆红素水解成葡萄糖醛酸和未结合胆红素，后者又被肠壁吸收经门静脉达肝脏。
【疾病名】胎兒生長受限【英文名】fetalgrowthrestriction【縮寫】fgr
【疾病名】胎儿生长受限【英文名】fetal growth restriction【缩写】FGR【别名】胎儿营养不良综合征；胎盘功能综合征；胎儿宫内发育迟缓【ICD号】P05.9【概述】胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction ，FGR)亦称胎盘功能不良综合征或称胎儿营养不良综合征，系指胎儿体重低于其孕龄平均体重第10百分位数或低于其平均体重的2个标准差。
胎儿生长发育与多种因素有密切关系，如孕妇外环境，孕妇身体的病理生理条件，胎盘和脐带，胎儿本身的内环境等，还有妊娠前的精子情况亦有关。
这些因素如影响胎儿细胞数目减少，或细胞大小异常者，则可导致小样儿或巨大儿等。
20世纪50年代后，儿科与产科医师们注意到一些出生体重低于2500g 的新生儿，其孕龄并非早产，而是已经足月或过期，这提示了体重与孕龄并不符合，后经研究了解到这组婴儿不仅在体格外表上，与早产儿和正常足月儿不同，且其内在生理变化亦有独特之处。
因此就将这组婴儿称为小样儿(small for date)，亦有称之为宫内生长迟缓儿(intrauterine growth retardation infant，IUGR)或宫内营养不良儿，目前称之为FGR儿。
以后国内外学者累积资料，将新生儿的出生体重，按孕龄列出百分位数，画出10百分位数及90百分位数二根曲线，在10百分位以下者称小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age，SGA)，在90百分位以上称大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age，LGA)，在90和10百分位之间称适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age，AGA)。
20世纪60年代后上海地区将小于胎龄儿统称为小样儿，有早产小样儿、足月小样儿及过期小样儿之分。
1963年Lubchenco等发表了胎龄和出生体重的比较，并取得了孕周与出生体重的预期胎儿大小的平均数。
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common serious gastrointestinal disorder encountered in neonatal intensive care units. It is a major cause o f morbidity and mortality in the newborn, particularly in premature infants. Consistent risk factors are birth weight and prematurity. Polycythemia and hyperviscosity altering blood flow and infectious agents are also implicated. Clinical findings include abdominal distention and diarrhea, and systemic symptoms such as apnea, acidosis, and lethargy. Pneumatosis intestinalis can be demonstrated radiographically. Mucosal ulcerations, hemorrhage, and thrombosis occur early, followed by inflammatory changes. Later still necrosis develops. Ischemia, infection, and enteral feedings are suspected to be involved in the pathophysiology. Eicosanoids, especially thromboxane, platelet-activating factor, and leukotrienes are likely mediators.
儿科英文名解
儿科英文名解1．Classification of Neonate（新生儿分类）1)Full term infant（足月儿）:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and42 weeks2)Preterm infant(早产儿):Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeks3)Post-term infant（过期儿）:Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeks4)Low birth weight neonate(LBW)（低出生体重儿）:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g5)Very low birth weight neonate(VLBW)（极低出生体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is lessthan 1500g6)Normal birth weight neonate（正常体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and4000g7)Macrosomia neonate（巨大儿）: Neonate whose BW is over 4000g8)Small for gestational age(SGA)（小于胎龄儿）:Infants whose BW are under P10 of thesame GA infants’BW9)Appropriate gestational age(AGA)（适于体重儿）: Infants whose BW are ranging fromP10 to P90 of the same GA infants’BW10)Large gestational age(LGA)（大于胎龄儿）: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the sameGA infants’BW11)Early newbore（早期新生儿）:Neoborn less than 1 week12)Late newbore（晚期新生儿）:Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks2.Neutral temperature（中性温度）:An appropriate environmental temperaturewhich can keep a neoborn’s normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .3. Apnea（呼吸暂停）: when asphyxia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirate inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.4. Physiological body weight decline（生理性体重下降）: Intatedeficiency, fatal stool paused and water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline (3%--9%), and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days .5. Physiological anemia（生理性贫血）: When neonate of 2—3 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover .6. Physiological diarrhea（生理性腹泻）: Physiological diarrhea usuallyoccurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Physical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements.7. Project Immunity（计划免疫）: According to characteristics of children’simmunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.8.Serious Pneumonia（重症肺炎）:Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia.Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom is also apparent.9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界）: Therespiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle.10.Discrepant Cyanosis（差异性紫绀）: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA.Because of PDA, the blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body.11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which containsantibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough.12. Eisenmenger syndrome（Eisenmenger 综合征）: Eisenmengersyndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically created extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.13.Additional nursing（补授法）: When the breast milk is not enough, the babywithin 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.14.Substitutional nursing（代授法）: When the breast milk is enough but themother can’t feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some times.15.Malnutrition（营养不良）: It is a disease caused by lacking of energy andprotein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders.16. Obesity（肥胖症）: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fator adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.17. Koplik spots（麻疹黏膜斑）: ulcerations on buccal mucosa around Stensenduct; spotty enanthema in oral cavity, may precede rash18. Harrison's groove（郝氏沟）: The distal end of the ribs are weak and may bedepressed by the negativeintrathoracic pressure developed during respiration with a resultant semicoronal impression being found at the costal attachment of the diaphragm, leading to the formation of Harrison's groove.19. Rachitic rosary（佝偻病串珠）: a radiographic appearance of thecostochondral junctions of the middle ribs in rickets. This appearance results from the presence of bulky growth plates at the bone or cartilage junctions.20. Chvostek's sign（Chvostek's 征）: Chvostek's sign is contraction of themuscles of the eye, mouth or nose, elicited by tapping along the course of the facial nerve. The examiner taps gently over the facial nerve in front of the ear. This is a sign of a latent tetany.21. Trousseau sign（Trousseau 征）: It is carpal spasm after 5 minutes ofinflation of a pressure cuff between the patient’s systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.This measure assesses nerve irritability and is more specific for tetany of vitamin D deficiency.22.Severe asthma（重症哮喘）including acute serious asthma attack , lastingstatus of asthma and deterioration of intractable asthma.23. Persistant asthma（哮喘持续状态）: It is a condition of severe acuteattack of asthma which can not be released by proper drug in 24 hours.24. Tuberculous infection（结核感染）: It is an infection of tubercle bacillus.In this condition, the patient’s test of tuberculin and the test of serum PPD-IgM or IgG antibody are positive. But the tubercle focus can not be found in patient’s body.25. Endogenous infection（内源性感染）: When the patient eat too much orthe components of the food are not balanced ,the process of the digestion will be slowed down. And the food which can not be fully digested will stay in the upper part of the small intestine. Then the PH of the intestinal carvity will decreased. It leads to a result that the bacteria from the lower part of the intestine will move up and multip;y . The food then will be ferment and rot by those bacteria.26 Aschoff body（风湿小体）:It is aone of the tiny lumps in heart muscle that aretypical of rheumatic heart disease and consist of swollen collagen ,cells and fibrils.27 Primary complex:（原发综合征）It is a combination of primary focus ofinfection in the lung parenchyma and caseous involvement of the regional lymph nodes ,usually hilar nodes.28 Corticoid sensitivity（激素敏感）referring to proteinuria became negative ,edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy.,29 Partial corticoid sensitivity（激素部分敏感）: Edema disappeared within 8 weeks after corticoid therapy but proteinuria is still + ～ ++.30 Corticoid dependent（激素依赖） : Sensitive to corticoidrelieved rapidly after treatment but relapse occurs when the dose reduced or stopped within 2 weeks ,again relieved when resuming full doses or restart treatment and this repeated 2 to 3 times.31 Corticoid resistant（激素耐药） : Referring to the protein in the urine is still over ++ when the treatment has been for full 8 weeks.32 Relapse（复发） and repetition（反复） : Proteinuria hasbeen become negative and the hormone treatment has stopped for morethan 4 weeds ,again the protein in the urine is over ++ is called relapse ;If the above symptoms during treatment is defined as repetition.Frequent relapse（频复发） and frequent repetition （频反复） : Refers to relapse or repetition occurs not less than twice within 6 months.33 Extra-medulla hemopoiesis（髓外造血） :In order to adaptto the anemia caused by infection or hemolysis and so on. After birth especially at infant stage , the live is enlarged for regaining the hemopoietic state. In fetal state this may accompanied by splenolymphomegaly ,nucleated red cells and premature neutrophils can be found in peripheral blood . This specific reaction of infant’s hemopoietic organs is called extra-medullar hemopoiesis.34.Physiological hemolysis（生理性溶血）: Fetal is in theenvironment of low PO2, so the quantity of RBC is large. After birth, PO2 rises. The quantity of RBC is relatively surplus, so many of them are vulnerable to be destroyed. The life of neonatal RBC is short, too.35 Anemia（贫血） : The numbers of erythrocytes or the concentration ofhemoglobin per volume in the tipping circulation is under normal. According to the data from WHO, the lower limit of hemoglobin in 6 months to 6-year old children is 110g/L.6 to 14 years old is 120g/L,the hemoglobin increases 4 percent as altitude raises every 1000 meters; lower than these numbers is called anemia .36 Tripod sign（十字架征） : Positive sign is when child sits up ,hehas to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position.37.Physiological jaundice（生理性黄疸）: Because of the featureof neonatal bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby.38.Pathological jaundice（病理性黄疸）:1) The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born.2) The bilirubin in the serum is higher than from 205.2 to 256.5 umol/L or raise 85 umol/L per day.3) The jaundice of term delivery lasts more than 2 weeks. The jaundice of premature lasts more than 4 weeks.4) The jaundice relapses.5) The conjunctive bilirubin is more than 24 umol/L.39.Pharyngo-conjunctival fever（咽结合膜热）: It’s adisease which is caused by virus and is on epidemic in spring and summer, with the feature of fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. High fever, pharynache, tingle in eyes and pharyngeal congestion. Conjunctivitis emerged in one or two sides and lymph nodes of cervix and behind the ear are common and sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms . Its process is one to two weeks .40 Herpangina（疱疹性咽峡炎）: It is caused by Coxackie group Avirus and often seen in summer and spring. It can spread in children collective organization. It is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, tingling in eyes, pharyngeal congestion ,herpes with flush around about 2 to 4 mm in diameter can be found on pharyngepalatal arch uvula , soft palate ,ulceration formed after splitting ,the course is about 1 weeks .。
小学一年级测题认识身体部位的英文名
小学一年级测题认识身体部位的英文名Head, shoulders, knees, and toes are a few of the body parts that children learn to identify in their mother tongue early on in their educational journey. However, for first graders in a Chinese elementary school, learning to recognize and correctly label body parts in English can be a fun yet challenging task.In this article, we will explore various approaches and activities that can assist first-grade students in recognizing and understanding the English names of different body parts. By providing engaging and interactive learning experiences, teachers can enhance students' language acquisition skills while making the learning process enjoyable.IntroductionBefore diving into the various strategies, it is essential to establish a foundation for students' learning. The first step is to introduce the body parts to students through visual aids such as flashcards or posters. By displaying these visuals, teachers can help students become familiar with the appearance and names of different body parts in English.1. Total Physical Response (TPR)Total Physical Response is a teaching method that involves incorporating movement and physical actions into the learning process. To teach body parts, teachers can guide students through a series of actions associated with each body part's name. For example, teachers can instruct students to touch their head, clap their hands, or point to their knees when they hear the corresponding English term. By engaging students in physicalmovements, TPR provides a multisensory experience, making it easier for students to remember and recognize body parts in English.2. Songs and ChantsMusic is known to be a powerful tool for learning and memory retention. Using catchy songs or chants that focus on body parts can help students internalize the English terms. Teachers can teach a popular children's song like "Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes" in English. By singing along and performing the associated actions, students will naturally associate the English words with the corresponding body parts.3. Interactive Games and ActivitiesTo add an element of excitement to the learning process, teachers can incorporate interactive games and activities into their lessons. For example, a "Simon Says" game can be modified to include body parts. The teacher can give commands such as "Simon says, touch your nose" or "Simon says, point to your eyes." Through this game, students can practice listening comprehension while reinforcing their understanding of body parts in English.Teachers can also design worksheets or flashcard matching games where students have to match the English name of a body part with its corresponding image or Chinese translation. These activities provide opportunities for students to practice reading and recognizing the English words.4. Storytelling and Picture BooksStorytelling and picture books are excellent tools for introducing and reinforcing vocabulary. Teachers can choose age-appropriate storybooks that focus on body parts and read them aloud to the class. As the story unfolds, students can actively participate by pointing to the body parts mentioned in the text. Through storytelling, students not only learn vocabulary but also develop listening skills and comprehension.ConclusionTeaching young learners to recognize and identify body parts in English requires a combination of instructional strategies that engage students' senses and provide meaningful contexts for learning. By incorporating movement, songs, games, and storytelling into the lesson plans, teachers can create an environment that fosters language acquisition and motivates students to actively participate in their own learning. Additionally, consistent reinforcement and practice through activities such as worksheets and interactive games will consolidate students' knowledge of body part vocabulary in English. With patience, creativity, and an inclusive teaching approach, teachers can ensure that first-grade students grasp the English names of body parts effectively.。
小儿科常用英语单词
小儿科常用英语单词小儿科，是指医院中治疗儿童各种疾病的一个科室，也可以细分为各个二级科室，如小儿呼吸科、小儿感染科、小儿口腔科等。
下面是我整理的小儿科常用英语单词，仅供参照。
Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma 支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteritis肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇2小儿科相关英语单词Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐3精神科常用英语单词Mental retardation 智能不够autism自闭症dement 痴呆症alzheimers dementia阿尔茲海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾 substances Intoxication 物质中毒alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia精神分裂病delusional Disorder 妄想性病患Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖exhibitionism 暴露狂Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症临床症状blunted affect 感情迟钝silly Laughter 傻笑apathy冷漠irritable 易怒的euphoria欣快感。
六年级英语医疗词汇单选题80题答案解析版
六年级英语医疗词汇单选题80题答案解析版1.You are not feeling well. You should go to see a _____.A.teacherB.doctorC.policemanD.driver答案：B。
“teacher”是老师；“doctor”是医生；“policeman”是警察；“driver”是司机。
因为不舒服应该去看医生，所以选“doctor”。
2.There are many _____ in the hospital.A.studentsB.workersC.nursesD.cooks答案：C。
“students”是学生；“workers”是工人；“nurses”是护士；“cooks”是厨师。
医院里有很多护士，所以选“nurses”。
3.My mother is ill. She is in the _____.A.schoolB.libraryC.hospitalD.park答案：C。
“school”是学校；“library”是图书馆；“hospital”是医院；“park”是公园。
妈妈生病了应该在医院，所以选“hospital”。
4.The _____ helps sick people.A.artistB.singerC.doctorD.writer答案：C。
“artist”是艺术家；“singer”是歌手；“doctor”是医生；“writer”是作家。
医生帮助病人，所以选“doctor”。
5.A _____ takes care of patients.A.nurseB.farmerC.scientistD.actor答案：A。
“nurse”是护士；“farmer”是农民；“scientist”是科学家；“actor”是演员。
护士照顾病人，所以选“nurse”。
6.You have a fever. You need to go to the _____.A.cinemaB.hotelC.hospitalD.restaurant答案：C。
五年级英语植物名称练习题50题含答案解析
五年级英语植物名称练习题50题含答案解析1. 中文：苹果。
选项：appel、apple、applle。
答案解析：正确答案是apple。
apple 的拼写是a-p-p-l-e，“appel”少了一个“p”，“applle”多了一个“l”。
2. 中文：香蕉。
选项：bananaa、banana、banan。
答案解析：正确答案是banana。
banana 的拼写是b-a-n-a-n-a，“bananaa”多了一个“a”，“banan”少了一个“a”。
3. 中文：橘子。
选项：orang、orange、orenge。
答案解析：正确答案是orange。
orange 的拼写是o-r-a-n-g-e，“orang”少了一个“e”，“orenge”中的“e”错误，应该是“e”而不是“ge”。
4. 中文：草莓。
选项：strawberryy、strawberry、strawberi。
答案解析：正确答案是strawberry。
strawberry 的拼写是s-t-r-a-w-b-e-r-r-y，“strawberryy”多了一个“y”，“strawberi”少了一个“r”。
5. 中文：葡萄。
选项：grape、grap、grappe。
答案解析：正确答案是grape。
grape 的拼写是g-r-a-p-e，“grap”少了一个“e”，“grappe”多了一个“p”。
6. 中文：西瓜。
选项：watermelon、watermellon、watermeloon。
答案解析：正确答案是watermelon。
watermelon 的拼写是w-a-t-e-r-m-e-l-o-n，“watermellon”中的“ll”错误，应该是一个“l”，“watermeloon”多了一个“o”。
7. 中文：桃子。
选项：peach、peech、peache。
答案解析：正确答案是peach。
peach 的拼写是p-e-a-c-h，“peech”中的“ch”错误，应该是“ch”而不是“h”，“peache”多了一个“e”。
小学英语名词讲解及练习.docx
百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我小学英名解及一、名的概念：名某个人或物的名称，或是某人或物的抽象名称。
如： student desk chair water milk⋯二、名的分：名分普通名和有名两大。
名在句子中作主，或表等。
1．普通名普通名是某人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。
根据所指代物体的特征，普通名又可分以下四：Ａ．个体名: 表示人或物体中可以数清的个体。
如： student（学生）、 pen（笔）、 bird （）等。
B ．集体名 : （即集合名）表示由个体成的集合体。
如：people（人民）、police（警察）、 family （家庭）等C．物名 : 表示构成物体物的不可数名，或表示无法分个体的物的名。
如：water（水）、 air （空气）、 wood（木）等。
D ．抽象名: 表示作、状、品、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。
如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、 love（）等。
2.有名 : 有名是某些人、事物、机构、等特有的名称。
主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。
如： Churchill （丘吉）、Tokyo （京）、China （中国）等。
三、可数名和不可数名。
1、可数名 :一般来个体名和集体名可以用数目来算，称可数名。
可数名有数和复数两种形式。
例如 : a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families 。
名数复数化如下：1．尾直接加S 如： cat—— cats bag—— bags day—— days2．以S, SH, CH, X尾的加es 如： class—— classes match—— matches box----- boxesdish ---- dishes3．以音加y 尾的y i, 加 es. 元音加y 尾的直接加s,如 : party----parties city----citiesstory----storiesboy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys等. 4．以 f 或 fe 尾的 ,f或fe v, 加 es,如: wife ---- wives half---- halves注意特殊情况直接加“S”，要逐个chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.5．以音加o 尾的常有生命的一般加es如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes.无生命的一般加s.如:radios, zoos, pianos,photos名的复数并不化：复数同形：sheep -----sheep fish----fish deer ----deer people -----people特殊化：man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese,foot---feet, child--children,mouse-mice2、不可数名不可数名不能用数字算包括物名( air, water 等 )及抽象名 (advice, hate)等。
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儿科英文名解题目Pediatric noun interpretationSpecialist Clinic （Expert outpatient service ）专家门诊General outpatient clinic 普通门诊The registration fee 挂号费molecular level 分子水平hereditary 遗传1．Fetus 胎儿2．Fetal phase 胎儿期3．Neonatal stage 新生儿期4．Infancy 婴儿期5．Toddler stage 幼儿期6．Preschool stage 学龄前期7．School age 学龄期8．Sexual maturation 性成熟9．Body weight 体重10．Height 身高11．Genetic factors 遗传因素12．Head circumference 头围13．Chest circumference 胸围14．Anterior fontanel 前囟15．Bone age;skeletal age 骨龄16．Osseous centers 骨化中心17．Primary teeth 乳牙18．Permanent teeth 恒牙19．Microcephaly 头小畸形20．Prepubertal period 青春前期21．Basal metabolic 基础代谢23．Specific dynamic action,SDA 食物特殊动力作用24．Nutritional requirement 营养需要25．Feed of infant 婴儿喂养26．Breast feeding 母乳喂养27．Mixed feeding 混合喂养28．Artificial feeding 人工喂养29．Secretory IgA antibody 分泌型IgA 抗体30．Lactoferritin 乳铁蛋白31．Bifidus factor 双岐因子32．Supplementaryfood 辅助食品33．Self-demand feedings 按需哺乳34．Health care 保健35．Program immunization 计划免疫36．Active immunization 主动免疫37．Passive immunization 被动免疫38．Growth monitoring 生长发育监测39．Perinatal health care 围产期保健40．Initial vaccinate 初次接种41．Repeat vaccinate 复种42．Vaccinal vaccinate 疫苗接种43．prenatal health care 产前保健44．Oral poliovirus vaccine,OPV 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗45．Live attenuated measles vaccine 麻疹减毒活疫苗46．Altogether three vaccine,DTP 百白破三联疫苗47．Encephalitis vaccine 乙脑疫苗48．High risk pregnancy 高危妊娠49．Pseudomenstration 假月经50．Fetal-to-fetal transfusion 胎-胎间输血51．Cephalhaematoma 头颅血肿52．Hypooxic ischemic encephalopathy HIE 缺氧、缺血性脑病53．Rooming in 母婴同54．Moro reflex 拥抱反射55．Rooting reflex 觅食反射56．Sucking reflex 吸吮反射57．Palmer grasping reflex 握持反射58．Birth injury 产伤59．Intracranial hemorrhage cerebral developmental 颅内出血60．Apnea 呼吸暂停61．Pulmonary hemorrhage 肺出血62．Physiological jaundice 生理性黄疸63．Breast nodule 乳腺结节64．Epithelial pearl 上皮珠65．Neonatal septicemia 新生儿败血症66．Neonatal hepatitis 新生儿肝炎67．Pathologic jaundice 病理性黄疸68．Congenital biliary atresia 先天性胆道闭锁69．Jaundice due to breast milk 母乳性黄疸70．Respiratory disorders 新生儿71．Asphyxia of newborns 新生儿窒息72．Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome 特发性呼吸窘迫综合征73．Aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎74．Amniotic fluid aspiration syndrome 羊水吸入综合征75．Bronchi fill with air 支气管充气征76．Scleredema of newborn 新生儿硬肿症77．Tetanus neonatorum 新生儿破伤风78．Neonatal hepatitis 新生儿肝炎79．Perinatal medicine 围产期医学80．Umbilical bleeding 脐出血81．Protein energy malnutrition 蛋白质能量营养不良82．Anorexia 食欲不振83．Protein malnutrition 蛋白质营养不良84．Hypoproteinemia 低蛋白血症85．Hypoalbuminema 低白蛋白血症86．Ricket 佝偻病87．Parathyroid 甲状旁腺88．Rachtic rosary 佝偻病性串珠89．Bracelets of hand 手镯，腕带90．Bracelets of feet 足镯91．Craniotabes 颅骨软化92．Harrison groove 赫氏沟93．Funnel chest 漏斗胸94．Square head 方颅95．Osseoua center 骨化中心96．Hypocaliemia 低钙血症97．Laryngeal spasm 喉痉挛98．Peroneal sign 腓神经征99．Trousseau’s sign 陶瑟氏征100．Tetany 手足搐搦101．Bowlegs 弓形腿102．knock-knee 膝外翻103．Upper respiratory tract infection (U.R.I) 上呼吸道感染104．Bronchitis 支气管炎105．Pneumonia 肺炎106．Tonsillitis 扁桃体炎107．Wheezing rales 喘鸣音108．Asthmatic bronchitis 哮喘性支气管炎109．Dyspnea 呼吸困难110．Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎111．Bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎112．Interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎113．Bronchiolitis 毛细支气管炎114．Hypoxemia 低氧血症115．Hypercapnia 高碳酸血症116．Myocarditis 心肌炎117．Respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭118．Hypercapnia 高碳酸血症119．Myocarditis 心肌炎120．Respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭121．Bacterial culture 细菌培养122．Isolation of virus 病毒分离123．Empyema 脓胸124．Bulla 肺大泡125．Pyopneumothorax 脓气胸126．Acute pneumonia 急性肺炎127．Protracted pneumonia 迁延性肺炎128．Chronic pneumonia 慢性肺炎129．Mycoplasma pneumonic pneumonia 肺炎支原体肺炎130．Asthmatic bronchitis 哮喘性支气管炎131．Asthma 哮喘132．Enteral infections 肠道感染133．Enteropathogenic E coli, EPEC 致病性大肠杆菌134．Enterotoxigenic E.coli, ETEC 产毒性大肠杆菌135．Enteroinvasive E.coli, EIEC 侵袭性大肠杆菌136．Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, EHEC 出血性大肠杆菌137．Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌138．Human rotavirus 轮状病毒139．Viral gastroenteritis 病毒性胃肠炎140．Candida albicans 白色念珠菌141．Non-infectious diarrhea 非感染性腹泻142．Dietary diarrhea 饮食性腹泻143．Osmotic diarrhea 渗透性腹泻144．Heat-labile toxins 不耐热肠毒素145．Heat stable toxins 耐热肠毒素146．Watery diarrhea 水样腹泻147．Protracted diarrhea 迁延性腹泻148．Chronic diarrhea 慢性腹泻149．Acute diarrhea 急性腹泻150．Autumn diarrhea 秋季腹泻151．Allergic diarrhea 过敏性腹泻152．Acidosis 酸中毒153．Hypokalemia 低钾血症154．Indigestion 消化不良155．Antimicrobial therapy 抗生素疗法156．Dietary therapy 饮食疗法157．Fluid therapy 液体疗法158．TBF total body fluid 总体液159．ICF interal cell fluid 细胞内液160．ECF exteral cell fluid 细胞外液161．ITF interstitial fluid 间质液162．Mild dehydration 轻度脱水163．Moderate dehydration 中度脱水164．Severe dehydration 重度脱水165．Isotonic dehydration 等渗性脱水166．Hypotonic dehydration 低渗性脱水167．Hypertonic dehydration 高渗性脱水168．Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒169．Total fluid deficit 累积损失量170．Oral rehydration salt, ORS 口服补液盐171．Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病172．Echocardiography 超声心动图173．Cardiac catheterization 心导管检查174．Left-to-right shunt 左向右分流175．Right-to-left shunt 右向左分流176．Ventricular septal defect, VSD 室间隔缺损177．Atrial septal defect, ASD 房间隔缺损178．Patent ductus arteriosus, PDA 动脉导管未闭179．Tetralogy of Fallot 法乐氏四联症180．Infective bacterial 感染性心内膜炎181．Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄182．Clubbing of fingers and toes 杵状指趾183．Dextrocardia; dexiocardia 右位心184．Double-outlet right ventricle 右室双出口185．Disease with little or no cyanosis 无青紫型186．Functional murmur; innocent murmur 功能性杂音187．Cerebral abscess 脑脓肿188．Carditis 心脏炎189．Arthralgia 关节痛190．Chorea 舞蹈病191．C-reactive protein, CRP C反应蛋白192．Polyarthritis 多关节炎193．Subcutaneous nodules 皮下结节194．Aschoff body 风湿小体195．Erythema marginatum or erythema anaulare 环形红斑196．Pericarditis 心包炎197．Preceding streplococcal infection 前驱链球菌感染198．Rhematic valvular disease 风湿性瓣膜病199．Anuria 无尿200．Azotaemia 氮质血症201．Oliguria 少尿202．Haematuria 血尿203．Proteinunia 蛋白尿204．Uraemia 尿毒症205．Hypertensive encepha-lopathy 高血压脑病206．Acute nephritic syndrome 急性肾炎综合征207．Minimal change nephritic syndrome (NS) 微小病变肾病综合征208．Mesangial proliferative GN 系膜增殖性肾炎209．Membranous nephropathy 膜性肾病210．Membranoproliferative GN 膜增殖性肾炎211．Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 局灶节段性肾小球硬化212．Focal and global glomerulosclerosis 局灶性全球性肾小球硬化213．Diffuse proliferative GN 弥漫增殖性肾炎214．Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 肾小球滤过率215．Nephritic syndrome 肾病综合征216．Glomerular disaease 肾小球疾病217．Glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎218．Hypercholeslerolemia 高胆固醇血症219．Hemodialysis 血液透析220．Renal biopsy 肾活体组织检查221．Gross (or macroscopic) hematuria 肉眼血尿222．Acute poststreptococcal 急性链球菌感223．Acute renal failure 急性肾功能衰竭224．Iron deficiency an (a) emia 缺铁性贫血225．Hypochromic microcytic an (a) emia 低色素小细胞性贫血226．Nutritional an (a) emia 营养性贫血227．Megaloblastic an (a) emia 巨幼红细胞性贫血228．Biopsy (Bone marrow biopsy) 活检活组织检查(骨髓活检) 229．Bone marrow puncture 骨髓穿刺术230．Lymph node puncture 淋巴结穿刺术231．Sternal puncture 胸骨穿刺术232．Lumbar puncture 腰椎穿刺术233．Extramedullary hematopoiesis 髓外造血234．MCV (mean corpuscular volume) 平均红细胞压积235．MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) 平均红细胞血红蛋白量236．MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) 平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度237．Colony stimulating factor pool 集落刺激因子池238．Purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎239．Nuchal rigidity 颈强直240．Brain edema 脑水肿241．Brain hernia 脑疝242．Subdural effusion 硬脑膜下积液243．Pathogenic organisms 致病微生物244．Viral meningitis 病毒性脑膜炎245．Hemiplegia 偏瘫246．Ventricular tap 脑室穿刺247．Measles 麻疹248．Acute respiratory infectious disease 急性呼吸道传染病249．Viremia 病毒血症250．Catarrhal inflammation 卡他炎症251．Skin rash 皮疹252．Eruption period 发疹期253．Toxic symptoms 中毒症状254．Fluorescence-antibody examination 荧光抗体检查255．German measles 风疹256．Exanthem subitum 幼儿急疹257．Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎258．Polioviruses 脊髓灰质炎病毒259．Abortive form 顿挫型260．Non paralytic poliomyelitis 无瘫痪型脊髓灰质炎261．Hyperesthesia 感觉过敏262．Paresthesia 感觉异常263．Paralytic stage 瘫痪期264．Sequelae stage 后遗症期265．Muscle atrophy 肌肉萎缩266．Guillain Barre’s syndrome 格林巴利氏综合征267．Primary complex 原发综合征268．Primary tuberculosis 原发性结核269．Mantoux test 结核菌素皮内试验270．Tuberculin skin test 结核菌素试验271．Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis 浸润性肺结核272．Tuberculous pleurisy 结核性胸膜炎273．Tuberculous lymphangitis 结核性淋巴管炎274．Initial infection 初发感染275．Perifocal mononuclear cell 病灶周的单核细胞276．Tubercle 结核结节277．Caseation 干酪性坏死278．Purified protein derivative 纯蛋白衍生物279．Immunosuppressive agent 免疫抑制剂280．Tuberculous Meningitis 结核性脑膜炎281．Caseous exudate 干酪样渗出物282．Meningeal irritation stage 脑膜刺激征期283．Facial nerve palsy 面神经麻痹284．Papilledema 视乳头水肿285．Intrathecal injection 鞘内注射286．Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退287．Cretinism 呆小病、克汀病288．Athyreosis 甲状腺功能缺失289．Autoimmunty 自身免疫290．Myxedema 粘液性水肿291 ．Thyroxine 甲状腺素292．Genetic diseases 遗传性疾病293．Phenylketonuria 苯丙酮尿症294．Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸295．Autosome 常染色体296．Dietary therapy 饮食疗法297．Trisomy 21 symdrome 21-三体综合征298．Down syndrome 唐氏综合征299．Recessive gene 隐性基因300．Genotype 基因型301．Immunity 免疫302．Immune supervision 免疫监视303．Immuno-deficiency disorders 免疫缺陷病304．Anaphylaxis 变态反应305．Auto-immune diseases 自身免疫病306．Non-specific immunity 非特异性免疫307．Specific immunity 特异性免疫308．Acquired immunity 获得性免疫309．Cellular immunity 细胞免疫310．Humoral immunity 体液免疫311．Immune globulin 免疫球蛋白312．Passive immunity 被动免疫313．Humoral immunodeficiency 体液免疫缺陷314．Primary immunodeficiencies 原发性免疫缺陷315．Congenital hypogamma globulinemia 先天性低丙种球蛋白血症316．Cellular immunodeficiency or deficiency of cellulax immunity 细胞免疫缺陷317．Congenital thymus aplasis 先天性胸腺发育不全318．Nezelof syndrome combined immunodeficiency 联合免疫缺陷319．Bone marrow transplantation 骨髓移植320．Lymphoblast transformation test 淋巴母细胞转化试验321．Replacement therapy 替代疗法322．Immune reconstitution therapy 免疫重建。