2011级硕士生英语期末考试
2011综合性大学翻译硕士考试英语翻译基础英汉短语互译
英汉互译—综合性大学北京大学HDTV high-definition TV)高清晰度电视CPU (=central processing unit) 中央处理器CBS 中央统计局(=Central Bureau of Statistics)reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会pop concert 流行音乐会black tea 红茶Red-hot news 最新消息sanitary ware 卫生器具talk show 访谈节目，脱口秀illegal assembly 非法集会WHO 世界卫生组织Business loan 工商业贷款liberal education 文科教育，普通教育Monetary restraint 紧缩银根Triple crown 三重冠Byzantine Empire 拜占庭帝国CNN美国有线新闻网(=cable news network)Net speak 网络用语中央情报局CIA Central Intelligence Agency联邦调查局FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation餐馆勤杂工busboy军事法庭court-martial新手jackeroo核裁军nuclear disarmament杀人未遂an attempted murder主题公园theme park习惯法common law破产申请bankruptcy petition经济指标economic indicator学费减免Tuition-Waiver半决赛semifinals百老汇大街broadway病毒清除程序virus scanner.桂冠诗人poet laureate艾滋病毒AIDS 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 应用语言学applied linguistics国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund (IMF)爵士摇滚Jazz Rock入境签证entry visa美国联邦储备银行federal reserve bank复旦大学CPI消费物价指数the Consumer Price IndexPPI生产者物价指数Produce Price IndexGNP 国民生产总值Gross National ProductSOHO 家庭办公Small Office, Home Officedesertification（土壤）荒漠化；沙漠化catch-22第22条军规,互相抵触之规律或条件所造成的无法脱身的困窘；不合逻辑的或矛盾的问题non-proliferation不扩散Cyberspace 网络空间industrial dispute劳资纠纷；产业纠纷installment payment 分期付款swan‟s song 辞别表演town-gown community (英国牛津和剑桥地区中的)学者与市民Sudan red dye 1 苏丹红1号catch-22 第二十二条军规; 不可逾越的障碍；令人左右为难的规定Babel巴别塔wet blanket扫兴的人或物; 煞风景者八宝粥eight-treasure porridge三通three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits暗箱操作black case work信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance讨债公司debt-collection company双赢win-win安乐死euthanasia载人空间站manned spacestation试管婴儿tube baby试婚trial marriage闭路电视CCTV(closed circuit television)收视率audience rating票房(售票处) box office物联网Internet of Things浙江大学punch冲子| 穿孔| 冲头| 冲床spinster老处女| 未婚女人| 单指未婚女性| 未婚女子defendant被告lump-sum contract工程总承包合同economic giant 经济大国sex worker 性工作者港龙航空Hong Kong Dragon Airlines中国国际航空公司Air China International Corp中国人民广播电台CNR(China National Radio)保税工厂tariff factory/BF(bonded factory)进口税import duty | import tax美食家gourmet东汉the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220)吐鲁番市Turpan道家Taoism南京大学WHO 世界卫生组织CBD中央商务区(CBD center business district)交易前付款(=cash before delivery)IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)UNESCO联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）科技下乡bringing science and technology to the countryside老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise学分制credit systemI-STEEL 工字型钢武汉大学APEC 亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）CAT 汽化器空气温度（Carburetor Air Temperature）; 计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation)NATO 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）FITGPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)Subtitling 加副标题| 字幕翻译Morse code 莫尔斯电报电码translation studies 翻译研究| 翻译学| 译学研究Jerusalem 耶路撒冷（巴勒斯坦中部城市）General Assembly 联合国大会Gallup poll 盖洛普民意测验money order 汇票| 汇款单| 现金支票| 邮政汇票think-aloud protocols 声思考| 出声思维报告| 宣泄法测试| 声思维法translation norms 翻译规范双赢win-win三国the Three Kingdoms直译[计] literal translation transliteration ;[语] word-for-word translation信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance民族政策policy on ethnic affairs科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development节约型社会conservation-minded/oriented society节能减排Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction次贷危机subprime mortgage/lending crisis服务性政府service-oriented government打黄扫非Eliminate pornography and illegal publications灾害救助系统disaster relief system和谐社会harmonious society职业翻译full-time translator国际关系民主化democratization of international relations武汉大学dynamic equivalence 动态对等UNCF 联合国儿童基金会(United Nations Children's Fund)UNESCO联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）langua franca 通用语即席翻译unseen translation稀土rare earth持续发展sustainable development宏观调控macro-control异化翻译法（异化法）Foreignizing Translation or Minoritizing Translation归化翻译法（归化法）Domesticating Translation or DomesticationGMT 格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）全面战略伙伴合作关系comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership西部大开发China Western Development论语The Analects of Confucius营销人员marketerCBD 交货前付款（Cash Before Delivery）；业务中心地区（Central Business District）head-hunting company 猎头公司雪碧Spriteself-serving ticket 自助售票中山大学CIF=Cost，Insurance and Freight 到岸价格，成本、运费加保险价Dow Jones Industrial Average道琼斯工业指数the Rencradle of human civilization 人类文明的摇篮due diligence 应尽职责，应有的审慎time to market 上市时间deforestation 滥伐森林proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器扩散alternative energy 替代能源corporate govern 法人治理corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任Renaissance文艺复兴Meteor storm流星雨intangible asset无形资产insurance policy保险单immune system disorders免疫系统机能丧失exchange rate汇率fiscal deficit财政赤字silicon valley硅谷brain drain人才外流oedipus complex俄狄浦斯情结（儿童对异性生身亲长的性慾望, 对同性生身亲长的忌妒）; （女）恋父。
2011年研究生英语二考试大纲与2011、2010考研英语二真题及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试（二）考试大纲考试性质英语（二）考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公正、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准时高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
考试形式和试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷分试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案写在答题卡2上。
(二)考试内容与试卷结构试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用主要是考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解主要是考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。
该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
A节(20小题)本部分为多项选择题，共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。
要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。
考生需在每小题所提供的选项（A、B、C、D）中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。
每篇文章设5题，共20小题。
每小题2分，共40分。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题)本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
或者这3种形式中某几种的组合进行考查。
本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1)多项对应。
2)小标题对应。
3)正误判断。
第三部分：英译汉考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Text 1①The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been thetalk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.②For themost part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. ③“Hooray! At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini, asober-sided classical-music critic.①One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. ②Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, callshim “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”③As a description of thenext music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and PierreBoulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.①For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. ②To be sure, heperforms an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery FisherHall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. ③All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or bootup my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.①Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing thepoint. ②For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete notonly with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recordedperformances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. ③There recordings are cheap, availableeverywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live perf ormances; moreover, they canbe “consumed”at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. ④The widespread availability of such recordingshas thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.①One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yetavailable on record. ②Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-musiccritic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmon ic into “a markedly different, morevibrant organization.”③But what will be the nature of that difference? ④Merely expanding the orchestra’srepertoire will not be enough. ⑤If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change therelatio nship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has .[A]incurred criticism[B]raised suspicion[C]received acclaim[D]aroused curiosity22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is .[A]influential[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers .[A]ignore the expenses of live performances[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances[D]overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels .[A]doubtful802011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[B]enthusiastic[C]confident[D]puzzledText 2①When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. ②Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and saidhe was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.”③Broadcasting his ambition was “very much mydecision,”McGee says. ④Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of HartfordFinancial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.①McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company hewanted to run. ②It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. ③And McGee isn’talone. ④In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that theywere looking for a CEO post. ⑤As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. ⑥A turbulent business environment also hassenior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.①As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jumpwithout a net. ②In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuckwith the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. ③As the economy picks up, opportunities willabound for aspiring leaders.①The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. ②For years executivesand headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must bepoached. ③Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where aboard has not instructed me to look at sitting C EOs first.”①Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. ②Ellen Marram quitas chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. ③It was a year before she became head ofa tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. ④Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to bea CEO. ⑤He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.①Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. ②The financial crisis has made itmore acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. ③“The traditional rule was it’s saferto stay whereyou are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,”says one headhunter. ④“The people who’ve been hurt theworst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being .[A]arrogant[B]frank[C]self-centered[D]impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by .[A]their expectation of better financial status[B]their need to reflect on their private life[C]their strained relations with the boards[D]their pursuit of new career goals28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means .[A]approved of[B]attended to[C]hunted for[D]guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .[A]top performers used to cling to their posts[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated812011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[C]top performers care more about reputations*D+it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3①The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. ②No longer.③Whiletraditional “paid” media —such as television commercials and print advertisements —still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. ④Consumers passionate about a product maycreate “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned media” bysending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. ⑤The way consumersnow approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broadrange of factors beyond conventional paid media.①Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. ②For earned media ,such marketers act as the initiator for users’responses. ③But in some cases, one marketer’s owned mediabecome another marketer’s paid media —for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Website. ④We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place theircontent or e-commerce engines within that environment. ⑤This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.⑥Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotescomplementary and even competitive products. ⑦Besides generating income, the presence ofother marketersmakes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal ofother companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.①The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions inquicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. ②Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negativeallegations about a brand or product. ③Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they canhijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.①If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting thereputation of the target company at risk.②In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quickor thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. ③Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of thedamage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-mediaresponse campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and thesocial-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are .[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature .[A] a safe business environment[B] random competition[C] strong user traffic[D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media .[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers822011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition[D] deserve all the negative comments about them34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of .[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4①It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children,I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing isanything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. ②Rather than concluding that childrenmake parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of itas something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tensecondition. ③Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writesthat “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification anddelight.”①The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. ②There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newlysingle –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news. ③Practically everyweek features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.①In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret havingchildren is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? ②It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare theregrets of parents to the regrets of the children. ③Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if theyshouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the singlemost important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holesin their lives.①Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present ishugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. ②According to several studiesconcluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happyof all. ③Noshock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra andBritney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.①It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese andAngelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. ②But it’s interestingto wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that asmall part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring .[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip832011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks .[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is .[A]soothing[B]ambiguous[C]compensatory[D]misleading40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required toreorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into thenumbered boxes. Paraphrases F and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can,Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time ittakes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral studentsin English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These aredisciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business comparedwith only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want theirundergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. Butmost find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes,“the great books are read because they have been read”—they form a sort of social glue. [C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduateschool. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in1970—1971 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade ofthesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not beentrained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence bytop American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taughtin different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvardundergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialistliberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process:federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell byhalf as researchtook its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successfulacademic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind842011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题professionalisation, argues Mr. Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specializationare transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production ofknowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “theproducers of knowl edge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike,increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. “Academic inquiry, at leastin some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and mo re holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr.Menand does not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They maythen decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and LouisMenand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G →41. →42. →E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points).With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, thebook As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share —that because we are not robots wetherefore control our thoughts —and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind isseparate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one wayand act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the consciousmind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, inreality we are continually faced with a qu estion: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allenconcluded: “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a personembody the external achievement; you don’t “get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind andmatter.Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they revealhim.” (48) This seems a jus tification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of thesuperiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad,offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people,then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out thebest in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escapefrom our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often thegreatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition exceptourselves. (50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before wewere experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible. Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “Li Ming” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)852011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”。
中原工学院外国语学院英语对外汉语专业双学位
中原工学院经济管理学院市场营销、工商管理专业双学位2011年度招生简章各教学院系：为了拓宽学生的知识面，增强学生的社会适应能力，提高学生的就业竞争力，培养高素质的复合型人才，为学有余力的优秀学生系统学习第二专业创设条件，根据《中原工学院双学士学位实施细则（试行）》，经济管理学院2011年面向我校2010级非管理学科在读的全日制普通本科生，招收市场营销、工商管理专业双学位学生，现将有关工作通知如下：一、“双学士学位”介绍“双学士学位”是指在校普通本科生在保证完成主修专业的同时，学有余力，根据学校的有关规定，经自愿申请，学校审查同意，再完成跨学科门类（哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、管理学）的另一专业的学位课程，达到授予学位条件，可获得另一个学科门类专业的学士学位。
经济管理学院现开设的双学士学位专业有市场营销、工商管理两种专业。
二、经济管理学院师资力量介绍经济管理学院是我校专业最多、学生人数最多的教学单位。
学院设有企业管理、会计学两个硕士点和MBA专业硕士学位点，以与工商管理、工程管理、市场营销、会计学、信息管理与信息系统、国际经济与贸易、金融学和公共管理等8个本科专业。
学院设有经济管理实验中心、专业图书资料室和市场调查中心。
实验室中配备全套财会实验设备，220台微机与有关会计、管理、经营各类软件，可供学生人机对话，做模拟经营实验和实习。
科研机构设有企业管理与创新研究中心、系统与工业工程研究中心和河南省重点人文社科研究基地。
目前，全院教职工80余人，其中教授13人、副教授30人、硕士生导师20人。
教师中具有博士学位的25人，硕士学位的56人。
三、招生专业与培养目标1、市场营销：本专业培养适应社会主义市场经济需要，能在各类工商企业从事市场营销管理和业务工作，在熟悉我国经营管理的有关方针、政策和法规以与国际国内市场营销与管理的惯例与规则的基础上具有市场调研与预测与决策的能力、营销策划的能力、市场开发的能力、创新意识与动手能力，较强的语言与文字表达、人际沟通能力以与在各类研究咨询机构从事专业研究、咨询工作的德、智、体、美全面发展的高级应用型人才。
2011硕士研究生英语(一)答案-新东方版
2011硕士研究生英语答案北京新东方考研名师周雷唐静王江涛李玉技2011年考研英语的考试刚刚结束，就拿到的真题分析，整体难度与2010年相比，有所下降，但是各部分的题目难度增减不一。
完型填空部分，难度基本上没有变化，但是对词汇的考察有所加强，阅读理解Part A部分不论是从文章的选取和题目的设计，比去年的难度都有一定程度的降低。
阅读理解的PART B 部分，第一次出现了排序题，虽然排序在几种题型中算是难度比较低的，但是命题者通过文章的选择，避免了一些明显的标志词的出现，成功地增加了难度，但是整体而言，此部分难度比去年有所降低。
这次考试，难度降低比较明显的是作文部分。
2010年的文化火锅确实使不少同学在构思和用词上煞费苦心，而今年关于旅游区爱护环境的话题，其文章审题的难度，仅限于高一语文作文的水平，加之环保是考研英语作文的大热点，相信很多同学在考前也有目的地记忆了一些这方面的词汇和句型，写起来一定是更加得心应手。
完型填空题目的文章来自于2009年4月号Scientific American, 作者Steve Ayan, 原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health。
” But 1despite some claims to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration, 3 boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。
2011-2012学年第一学期2011级硕士生外国语学院课程表
孙燕玲
教室
5-209
5-211
5---202
5-209
5---202
3
4
科技翻译
(3-18)
仇全菊
基础笔译
（3-18）
李庆学
非文学翻译
（3-14）
李蕾
传媒翻译
(3-18)
申佃美
基础口译
（3-18）
宋燕
教室
5-209
5-211
5-209
5-122
5-313
下
午
5
6
专题口译
(3-18)
崔倩
申佃美
基础口译
（3-18）
宋燕
教室
5-209
5-211
5-209
5-122
5-313
下
午
5
6
专题口译
(3-18)
崔倩
翻译批评与赏析
（3-18）
邵晓燕
旅游口译
(3-18)
吴桂金
中外语言比较
(3-18)
李成明
经贸翻译
(3-18)
陈超
教室
5-209
5-301
5-122
5-209
5-301
7
8
翻译工具/翻译技术
翻译批评与赏析
（3-18）
邵晓燕
旅游口译
(3-18)
吴桂金
中外语言比较
(3-18)
李成明
经贸翻译
(3-18)
陈超
教室
5-209
5-301
5-122
5-209
5-301
7
8
翻译工具/翻译技术
2011年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案
2011年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案PART I 听力Section A (1 point each)1. A. he was beaten by a fellow workerB. he was laughed at by a fellow workerC. he was fired from his workD. he was replaced by his co-worker2. A. he did it like everyone elseB. he was not speeding basicallyC. he would like to pay the fineD. the policeman was unfair to him3. A. talk about their fishing experiencesB. drive the woman’s dad to the station togetherC. put off their fishing plan for the next weekendD. go fishing after the woman sees her dad off4. A. she thought the man’s project had been finishedB. she didn’t know the man’s project was urgentC. she thinks the man shouldn’t be so stressedD. she thinks the man has exaggerated about his project5. A. he knows psychology very wellB. psychology is beyond his comprehensionC. psychology is his majorD. he has forgotten the theory of psychology6. A. it’s a pleasant surpriseB. it’s really unexpectedC. it’s very sadD. it’s a pity7. A. he was disappointed with the serviceB. he was satisfied with the serviceC. he finally got what he wantedD. he would like to try it again8. A. he didn’t finish his finals weekB. he failed most of his examinationsC. he couldn’t remember what he had prepared in the examsD. he couldn’t concentrate during the exams9. A. not enjoyableB. just so soC. it’s his favoriteD. he likes itSection B(1 point each)Directions: in this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions well beread only once. After each question, there will be a pause. Duringthe pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesgiven by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.Mini-talk one10. A. to start up her own businessB. to gain experienceC. to save for her tuitionD. to help her family11. A. because he could have more spare creditsB. because the 15-credit-plan was more cost-efficientC. because he had to make up 15 creditsD. because the 15-credit-plan was easier12. A. to become an internB. to challenge traditionsC. to start up her own businessD. to get a full time jobMini-talk two13. A. The United States has declared its independenceB. Lady Liberty is a gift from the people of FranceC. American people have shaken off the oppressionD. The United States has broken off its relations with UK14. A. Lady LibertyB. Liberty LadyC. The Statue of LibertyD. Liberty Enlightening the World15. A. By busB. By boatC. By carD. By subwaySection C (1 point each)听力填空16. Mental health experts also include other disorders like ______ (4words) that affect millions of people.17. Mental health problems are most severe in poor countries that ______ (3words) to deal with them.18. About half of all mental health problems first appear before ______ (4words).19. According to WHO, how many people suffered form depression in 2009? (4words).20. The disability caused by mental disorders can have a big impact on -______ (3words).PART II 词汇选择 (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. It was fascinating to watch my husband as he literally became president before my eyes.A. liberallyB. wiselyC. actuallyD. theoretically22. The rights that the citizens of those countries enjoy can all be incorporated in the laws of those individual countries.A. embodiedB. excludedC. immersedD. interpreted23. These are the men and women who run the house and tend to the special needs of its residents.A. take toB. amount toC. attend toD. object to24. These women hoped that cease-fire would continue and that the violence would end once and for all.A. quicklyB. conclusivelyC. universallyD. temporarily25. There is some excitement on the horizon, but I can’t tell you about it.A. in the distanceB.soon to happenC. without a questionD.at first sight26. Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption.A. contaminatingB. ectinguishingC. stimulatingD.transporting27. War involves inflicting the greatest amount of damage in the briefest space of time.A. imposingB. avoidingC. compensatingD.fabricating28. Inflation can destroy the fabric of society by adversely affecting fixed income groups.A. stabilityB. perplexityC. evolutionD.structure29. The participants of the meeting were astonished by the discrepancy between the mayor’s words and his actions.A. differenceB. correlationC.conformityD.separation30.The English writing of college students in China is generally redundant for lack of specific words.A. ambiguousB. wordyC. unconvincingD.stereotyped Section B (0.5 point each)31. Without mutual trust, willingness to engage _____ in the learning process is hindred.A. deliberatelyB. collaborativelyC. destructivelyD. individually32.Humans have to settle the problems with food, clothes and _____ before they can survive.A. cabinB. mansionC. shedD. shelter33.How did it _____ that in English the correlation between spelling and pronuciation is not very close?A. come aboute one toD. come by34. While the test-oriented approach to teaching is _____ desirable, it is widely used in China.A. other thanB. not onlyC. nothing butD. far from35. In january 1995, George W. Bush was _____ as the new governor of Texas.A. turned inB. taken inC. sworn inD. put it36. The latest data showed that global ozone _____ had dropped several percent over the last decade.A. penetrationsB. concentrationsC. dimensionsD. extensions37. Scientists have been trying to _____ what factors can cause aging.A. find outB. turn outC. set outD. carry out38. Ten years _____ her career as a lawyer, she decided to start her own firm in Chicago.A.withinB. duringC. intoD. amid39. The tower of the World Trade Center _____ after it was hit by the plane.A. dissipatedB. paddledC. hedgedD. collapsed40. I could speak their language and _____ with their problems because I have been there myself.A. collideB. coincideC.identifyD. associatePART III 完形填空 (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Early in January 2009, the temperature in Tanana Alaska, fell to 55 below zero F. It was so cold that when the airport runway lights stopped working, crews were __41__ from going outside to fix them.So it was a real concern whe Vicky Aldridge, a nurse practitioner at the village health center, realized that 61-year-old Winkler Bifelt was bleeding __42__ and needed medical treatment at Fairbanks Memorial Hospital, __43__ 150 miles away. The sun was already down when Aldridge made the __44__ telephone call to Frontier Service in Fairbanks.“We told them the only way we could fly was if they could find enough vehicles to __45__ the runway with headlights so we could land,” said Bob Hajdukovich, the company’s president. Aldridge’s next calls went to airport and town officials, who, __46__, called villagers. Forty five minutes later, enough cars, trucks, minivans and snowmobiles had lined up so that the runway was __47__.Pilots Nate Thompson and David Fowler landed without __48__, andthen took off again, with Bifelt.“There is this wonderful caring __49__ in the village,” Aldridge said, “if anyone needs anything, all I have to do is call one or two people and everything will get __50__”41. A. objected B. obstructed C. obliged D. observed42. A.intimately B. integrally C. intentionally D. internally43. A. less B. some C. but D.even44. A. eagerness B. pressure C. emergency D. hurry45. A. line B. cross C. span D. park46. A. by turns B. in turn C. in order D. in return47. A. lightened B. illustrated C. cleared D. widened48. A. reason B. support C. hesitation D. atmosphere49. A. status B. occasion C. surrounding D. atmosphere50. A. into control B. out of danger C. done well with D. taken care of PART IV 阅读理解 (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage oneNovember 25 is the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. This day was recognized by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1999 with a view to raising public awareness of violations of the right of women. Why was this step necessary?In many cultures women are viewed and treated as inferior or as second class citizens. Prejudices against them are deep rooted. Gender base violence in all its forms is an ongoing problem, even in the so-called developed world. According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan,”violence against women is global in reach, and takes place in all societies and cultures. It affects women no matter what their race, social origin, birth or other status may be.”Radhika Coomaraswamy, UN expert of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women, says in his report that for the vast majority of women, violence against women is “a taboo issue, invisible in society and a shameful fact of life.” Statistics issued by a victim study institution in Holland indicate that 23 percent of women in one South Amercian country, or about 1in 4, suffer some form of domestic violence. Likewise, the Council of Europe estimates that 1 in 4 European women suffer domestic violence during their lifetime. According to the British HomeOffice in England and Wales in one recent year, an average of two women each week were killed by current or former partners. The magazine India Today International reported that “for women across India, fear is constant companion and rape is the stranger they may have to confront at every corner, on any road, in any public place at any hour”. UN experts described violence against women and girl as “today’s most serious human rights challenge.”51. This passage is intended to __________.A. point out the root of violence against womenB. find solutions to violence against womenC. criticize the governments’ inaction about violence against womenD. make people better aware of violence against women52. The word “gender” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. raceB. societyC. cultureD. sex53. According to former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, violence against women could be widely found __________.A. in South American countriesB. in rich countriesC. in developing countriesD. across the world54. By “violence against women is a taboo issue”, Radhika Coomaraswamy means that the vast majority of women __________.A. turn a blind eye to the problemB. don’t want to talk about the problemC. turn a deaf ear to the problemD. have been accustomed to the problem55. According to the last paragraph, violence against women is __________.A. more serious in South American countriesB. more serious in European countriesC. equally serious in South American and European countriesD. less serious in developed countries56. According to the passage, women in India __________.A. often live in the fear of violence against themB. suffer more serious domestic violenceC. must have their companions everywhereD. are facing most serious human rights challengesPassage TwoWhen you think of monkeys, you probably think of the Tropics. Few species of monkeys venture into temperate lands. Nevertheless, there are one or two notable exceptions.In the high Atlas Mountains of North Africa, where snowfall is common during the winter, small groups of Barbary apes roam through forests of cedar and oak. One isolated group of these monkeys can be found 200 miles to the north, living on the Rock of Gibraltar, at the southern most tip of Europe.How do naturalists explain this mystery? Some believe that the monkeys colonized other areas of Europe in the distant past and that those of Gibraltar are the only surviving group. Others think that Arabic or British colonizers brought them to the Rock. Legend has it that the monkeys crossed the narrow straits dividing Europe from Africa by means of a long-lost underground tunnel. Whatever their origin, they are now the only free range monkeys. The Barbary apes inhabit the pine woods that cover the upper part of the Rock. Although they number only a hundred or so, they have become “the peninsula’s most famous resdents,” according to the International Primate Protection League.Since seven million tourists visit Gibraltar every year, the mischievous monkeys have an ample food supply. Although they feed on wild plants, they have become skilled at begging and occasionally stealing food from visitors. Local authorities also provide the monkeys with fruit and vegetables.Apart from feeding, the monkeys spend 20 percent of their day grooming each other. Both male and females monkeys care for and play with the young ones. They live in close knit groups, where stress sometimes leads to confrontation. While the older monkeys use threats and screams to chase away the younger ones, they also have an unusual tooth-chattering behavior that seems to calm them down.Their arrival on Gibraltar may remain a mystery; still, these sociable monkeys add a special charm to the limestone headland that guards the entrance to the Mediterranean sea. Gibraltar would not be the same without them.57. The monkeys on the Rock of Gibraltar are special because__________.A. they live in tropic areasB. they inhabit temperate landsC. they live in forestsD. they came from North Africa58. Which of the following is NOT the possible origin of the Gibraltar monkey?A. They may be the surviving group of European.B. they may have been brought ot Gibraltar by colonizers.C. they may have come from Africa through the long- lost tunnel.D. they may have swum across the narrow straits from Africa.59. The population of “the peninsula’s most famous residents”__________.A. is growing rapidlyB. outnumbers the local peopleC. is threatened by too many visitorsD. is about five scores60. We canlearn from the 5th paragraph that Gibraltar monkeys __________.A. mainly feed on food from visitorsB. often threaten local touristsC. are very naughtyD. are raised by the local authorities61. The word “grooming” in the 6th paragraph is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. cleaningB. bitingC. fightingD. isolating62. According to the passage, __________.A. Gibraltar would be better without the monkeysB. the monkeys heve added beauty to the Rock of GibraltarC. Gibraltar monkeys and those in the high Atlas Mountains are of different speciesD. the older Gibraltar monkeys are very fierce to the younger ones Passage threeWhich would you give up: TV, Cell, or Web? From November 6 to December 3, a 1-question online poll was placed on high-traffic websites in 15 countries(Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Gndia, Italy,N etherlands, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States). A total of 150 respondents in each country participated in the poll. In this global survey, 11 of 15 countriessay they’d turn off the TV berfore they’d silence their cell phone or log off the Internet. Women,especially, will give up their favorite shows, voting to do so by a greater percentage than men in all but four countries. “I work 50-plus hours a week, and more importantly, the programs I watch on TV are free on the web.” Paula Kress of Georgia explains why she’d give up on TV.Younger respondents are more likely to take a pass on television, but older folks don’t necessarily stay stay away from the online experience. In Singapore, not a single person over 45 voted to stop surfing. “I’m not much for sitting in front of the screens, but I need the Internet to keep in touch with friends and family.” Hanna Larna explains why she’d keep the web and ditch TV.In the United States, people vited to give up TV, yet Americans sit in front of the flat screen for an average of four hours, 37minutes a day. But if the decision had been made by respondents over 45, the cell phone would have gotten the boot instead.In Canada people voted to give up the cell. The cost effect analysis shows that people there pay some of the highest rates for their cell phone plans, which may be why they have the lowest number of cell users among the western countries polled. “I don’t want to be reachable at every moment.”is another logical explanation.Why was Brazil the only country to pick the Internet (and by such a huge margin)? Brazil has some of the lowest rates of Internet use worldwide, with just 35 users per 100 people.(The U.S. and U.K. both have 72.) Brazil’s cost to hook up is also high, about $26a month, compared with $7.4in Germany.63. what is the most important reason for Paula Kress to give up TV?A. she doesn’t have time to watch TV.B. she doesn’t like sitting in front of screens.C. she can watch TV programs on the web.D. she finds online programs more interesting.64. Survey results in Singapore show that __________.A. women watch TV programs for a longer period of time than menB. men depend as much on cell phones as women doC. younger people use cell phones more than older peopleD. older people enjoy the Internet just like the younger ones65. Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to “get the boot”(Para. 3)?A. be dismissedB. catch onC. be favoredD. become dominant66. It is implied that among the Americans polled, there were more __________.A. menB. womenC. younger peopleD. older people67. How many countries picked the cell phone in the survey?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 568. In the last paragraph, the author mainly __________.A. describes the findings in the Brazilian surveyB. discusses the gap between Brazil and the western worldC. presents the reasons behind the Brazilian decisionD. analyzes the development of the Internet in BrazilPassage fourToday, world leaders are discussing climates change and what—if anything—can be done to combat global warming. Extreme weather conditions have brought home the fact that our climate is changing—and changing fast. It may be easy to be fatalistic about it, but the truth is that although we humans have caused the problem, we also have the solution.“Think global and act local,”said Friends of the Earth founder David Bower. In many small but important ways we can make a difference. Here are my top tips for how to begin:Count your food miles. What you eat and where you buy it affects global emissions. Pollution from transport is the fastest growing source of carbon dioxide emissions, so it is madness to fly out-of-season vegetables across the world to supermarkets. We should lobby supermarkets for a system of classifying food according to the distance travelled: 0 for local food, 1 for British, 2 for Europe, and 3 for intercontinental.Turn off anything that winks at you. A video recorder on standby uses almost as much electricity as one playing a tape. Turning down the thermostat by one degree, not leaving TV and music centres on standby, turning off lights,putting lids on cooking pots, and only half-filling kettles can cut energy consumption by 30%, saving your money as well as saving the planet.Just stop using petrol. Yes you can, and the cr industry may help you. Hydrogen-powered cars are loved by car designers and could become a reality in about 10 years. Meanwhile, consider converting to liquefied petroleum gas(LPG). You won’t be alone: a new pump for this is opening every day. Meanwhile, you can cut down on conventional petrol use just by changing driving habits—no rapid acceleration, lower speeds, keeping tires at the right pressure.Well, you can always walk. Or cycle. The majority of car journeys are less than five miles and, honestly, once you’ve stepped out, you’ll find it’s really not that bad. The only energy used is your own and that’s healthy. You only have th look at the collective strength of the people’s fuel lobby to know this maked sense.These changes will save you money which you should invest in an ethical saving account. They are profitable and they put the pressure on business to clean up its act.69. In the first paragraph, the author tries to emphasize __________.A. his concern over climate changeB. his optimism in finding a way outC. the necessary of global actionsD. the difficulty in reaching an agreement70. Which conclusion can be drawn from paragraph 2 ?A. Centralized distribution of food is highly efficient and cost-effective.B. Organic food from abroad is better than food produced locally.C. Supermarkets do a great job of offering a wide selection of goods.D. It’s better for us consumers to shop in local farmers’ markets.71. In Paragraph 3 the author tries to convey the message that __________.A. small changes in small habits can make big differencesB. it is not easy for us to reduce energy consumption at homeC. the present way of using energy leaves much to be desiredD. we individuals may not help much in fighting global warming72. At presen, to replace petrol-driven cars, people may choose cars driven by _______.A, electricity B. LPG C. hydrogen D. biofuel73. For most of the car journeys, walking or cycling __________.A. is a waste of timeB. is undesirableC. is a feasible optionD. is what people prefer74. The passage is focused on __________.A. the passage of climate change on people’s livesB. the importance of individuals improving the environmentC. the benefits of cutting energy consumptionD. the small ways that can help fight global warmingPassage fiveSome years ago, thumping, jumping noises routinely issued from the apartment upstairs as if baby elephants were competing in the 50-year dash. I went up one day to politely inquire. “No, nobady’s making noise here” the husband and wife both insisted. It must be coming from elsewhere in the building.” Two children about five years old, each holding soccer balls, stood right beside their parents. “Could the thumping be your kids running around, perhaps playing soccer?”, I asked. “Oh no, we never let the kids play in the house.”For monhs, the pattern continued: the thumping and jumping above, our delicate check-in, the denial. It got so that every time I saw the couple, I glared without a word of greeting. When they moved out of the building, the thumping stopped.I suppose I could have forgiven my neighbors and spared them the glare. After all, forgiveness is in, a trend advocated by best-selling books, foundations and research institutes. The notion has gone well beyond spiritual leaders advising that forgiveness is good for the soul and that hard feelings will turn us bitter and hostile. Now the medical community cites studies showing that forgiveness can prevent heart attacks, lower blood pressure and even ease depression.I may be outnumbered, but I still believe in the healing power of the grudge(不满). I’ve deployed grudges with an equal-opportunity sense of fairness—against teachers and classmates,bosses and colleagues, family and friends. I’ve chosen to stop speaking to certain people permanently and occasionally even spoken ill of them—but more with disbelief than a sense of revenge. I’m neither proud nor ashamed. But I’ve discovered that nothing feels quitea as satisfying as a grudge well nursed.I’m not against forgiveness itself, I have forgiven people for rudeness as well as for deep misunderstandings and have done so without holding on to hard feelings. What I deplore is the propaganda about forgiveness. No longer an option, forgivensess is an official order. Forgiving so democraticallycheapens the very act.A long standing grudge suggests that we hold certain standards, that we respect ourselves enough to reject bad behavior. Failure to forgive can be just as righteous, just as honorable as forgiveness itself.75. The author would probably describe the neighbors as __________.A. carelessB. dishonestC. ignorantD. immodest76. Paragraph 3 is focused on __________.A. how forgiveness is good for us spiritually and physicallyB. how forgiveness has become a fashionable conceptC. what has changed people’s understanding of forgivenessD. what is the true meaning and virtue of forgiveness77. By “I may be outnumbered”(Para. 4), the author means that most people in her situation would probably __________.A. tell people how bad the neighbors areB. refuse to speak to the neighborsC. try to practice forgiveness to the neighborsD. ask the neighbors for an explanation78. The author seems _________ what she always does with grudges.A. ashamed ofB. proud ofC. satisfied withD. disappointed with79. It can be learned that the author __________.A. has great difficulty forgiving peopleB. regrets failing to practice forgivenessC. wants to learn how to forgive peopleD. opposes “forgiveness without principle”80. The best title for the passage is __________.A. To Forgive is GodB. The Right Not to ForgiveC. Forgiveness in, Grudge outD. The Power of ForgivenessPART V 翻译 (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)一、英译汉Job stress comes in different forms and affects your mind and body in different ways. Small thing can make you feel stressed, such as a copy machine that never seems to work when you need it or phones that won’t quitringing. Major stress comes from having too much or not enough work or doing work that doesn’t satisfy you. Conflicts with your boss, coworkers, or customers are other major causes of stress.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)二、汉译英几年来，北京部分地区的房价翻了两番，使许多年轻人买不起理想小区中的房子。
外国语学院2011年大事记
外国语学院2011年大事记一月份1月5-6日，2008级在职教育硕士、2009级全日制研究生开题。
1月14日，召开硕士生导师研讨会，王建会教授、闫雪雯教授做经验交流。
1月中下旬，学院开展以“追寻优秀特困生成长足迹”为主题的家访活动，全体辅导员利用寒假时间赴沈阳东陵、凤城、岫岩、海城、兴城、法库等地家访优秀特困生8人。
二月份2月20日，外国语学院承办“2011年中国综合性大学自主招生联合考试”，本次考试共有来自全省的应届考生1600余人。
2月22日，校财务与资产管理处领导班子一行5人来我院进行基层调研，外国语学院领导班子及部分相关工作人员参加了此次会议。
2月24日，外国语学院承办辽宁省外经贸厅翻译人员选拔考试。
辽宁省外经贸厅常务副厅长刘文亲临现场指导工作。
2月28日，日语系闫雪雯、李红梅、朱金月三名老师担任考官，参加选派北海道教育大学（国费公派）留学生面试工作。
三月份3月5日，外国语学院组织2007级、2008级英语专业学生进行专业八级能力测试工作。
院长助理邢家伟副教授带队赴渤海分院英语系主持考务工作。
3月7日，外国语学院院长助理邢家伟副教授、李红梅副教授，接待北海道教育大学教授委员会成员来访。
3月14日，外国语学院第八届团委学生会候补成员竞聘大会分别在博文楼隆重举行，共有124名竞聘者参加了此次竞聘演讲。
3月16日，由校长赵大宇教授、副校长夏敏教授带队，校本科教学管理部一行12人来我院进行重点专业建设情况调研工作会议。
3月16日，外国语学院组织教授委员会成员进行第五批教学改革立项（B类）中期审查。
3月16日，法国驻华使馆下属机构，法国教育服务中心在沈阳皇冠假日酒店举行了“中国国际教育巡回展”，外国语学院法语系8名学生作为志愿者代表参加活动。
3月23日，外国语学院党总支书记邵学军老师、中晨语言培训中心张莹老师代表我院赴北京参加雅思年度工作会议。
3月24日，由教务处承办的“沈阳师范大学教授教堂系列活动”于今日启动。
新疆大学英语MTI 2011-2014英语翻译硕士考研真题与答案
英语MTI历年真题答案14----112014百科一，名词解释1，本草纲目：《本草纲目》，药学著作，五十二卷，明朝李时珍撰，刊于1590年。
全书共190多万字，载有药物1892种，收集医方11096个，绘制精美插图1160幅，分为16部、60类，是中国古代汉医集大成者。
李时珍在继承和总结以前本草学成就的基础上，结合作者长期学习、采访所积累的大量药学知识，经过实践和钻研，历时数十年而编成的一部巨著。
书中不仅考正了过去本草学中的若干错误，综合了大量科学资料，提出了较科学的药物分类方法，溶入先进的生物进化思想，并反映了丰富的临床实践。
本书也是一部具有世界性影响的博物学著作。
2，东非大峡谷：东非大裂谷（East African Great Rift Valley）是世界大陆上最大的断裂带，从卫星照片上看去犹如一道巨大的伤疤。
当乘飞机越过浩翰的印入东非大陆的赤道上空时，从机窗向下俯视，地面上有一条硕大无比的“刀痕”呈现在眼前，这就是著名的“东非大裂谷”，亦称“东非大峡谷”。
这条长度相当于地球周长1/6的大裂谷，气势宏伟，景色壮观，是世界上最大的裂谷带，有人形象地将其称为“地球表皮上的一条大伤痕”。
东非大裂谷的整个形状可画成不规则三角形，最深达2000米，宽30-100千米，全长6000千米，是世界最长的不连续谷，由探险家约翰·华特·古格里所命名。
东非大裂谷的详细地理位置以三角形的三个点来描述的话，南点在莫桑比克入海口，西北点则远到苏丹约旦河，北点则可进入死海。
中间有相当多个湖泊、火山群。
3，董仲舒：董仲舒（前179年―前104年），汉族，广川郡（今河北省衡水市景县广川镇大董古庄）人，汉代思想家、哲学家、政治家、教育家。
汉武帝元光元年（前134年），汉武帝下诏征求治国方略。
儒生董仲舒在《举贤良对策》中系统地提出了“天人感应”、“大一统”学说和“罢黜百家，表彰六经”的主张。
董仲舒认为，“道之大原出于天”，自然、人事都受制于天命，因此反映天命的政治秩序和政治思想都应该是统一的。
南京大学外院研究生课表
外国语学院英语系2011级文学文化方向硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院英语系2011级语言学翻译方向硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院英语系2010级硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院英语系博士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）2011-2012学年第二学期外国语学院俄语系研究生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）2011-2012学年第二学期外国语学院法语系研究生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）2011-2012学年第二学期外国语学院德语系研究生注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）2011-2012学年第二学期外国语学院日语系硕士生注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）2011-2012学年第二学期外国语学院朝鲜语系硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题以及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitnessLaughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laughis unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__. Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve anindividual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partiallyrooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans donot cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of theUniversity of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with theirteeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a（n）__17___expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles __18___ more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressionsmay influence emotions rather than just the other way around. __20__ , the physical act oflaughter could improve mood.1. [A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2. [A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3. [A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4. [A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5. [A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7. [A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8. [A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9. [A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10. [A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11. [A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12. [A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13. [A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14. [A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15. [A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16. [A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17. [A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18. [A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19. [A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20. [A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music directorhas been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray!At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iss appointment in the comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicianslike Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To besure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for meto visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to dois to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music fromiTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, c lassical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies,and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher inartistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is nots own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, ayet available on record. Gilbert’classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonicare to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and thenew audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has ________.[A] incurred criticism [B] raised suspicion[C] received acclaim [D] aroused curiosity22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ________.[A]influential [B]modest [C]respectable [D]talented23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers ________.[A] ignore the expenses of live performances[B] reject most kinds of recorded performances[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances[D] overestimate the value of live performances24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.[C] They help improve the quality of music.[D] They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels ________.[A]doubtful [B]enthusiastic [C]confident [D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanationwas surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he cameright out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for theambition was “very much my decisionfirst time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind ofcompany he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quitwith the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plansd also may wish to move on.in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the noA turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vaguepronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to makethe jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago asnervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economypicks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For yearsexecutives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates aret think of athe ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can’single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. EllenMarram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a yearbefore she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad leftCitigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financialinstitution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis hassmade it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on e. “The traditional rule was it’nverted,” says one headhunter. “The safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally ipeople who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.” 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being ________.[A] arrogant [B] frank [C] self-centered [D] impulsivequitting may be spurred by ________.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’[A] their expectation of better financial status[B] their need to reflect on their private life[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ________.28. The word “poached” [A] approved of [B] attended to. [C] hunted for [D] guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] top performers used to cling to their posts[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C] top performers care more about reputations[D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] CEOs: Where to Go? [B] CEOs: All the Way Up?[C] Top Managers Jump without a Net [D] The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer.media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – stillWhile traditional “paid” play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and amedia by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocompany may leverage “owned” customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of makingimpact stems from a broad range of factors beyondpurchase decisions means that marketing’sconventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earnedresponses. But in some cases, one marketer’s media, such marketers act as the initiator for users’owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailersells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is sostrong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travelproviders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information aboutmarketi ng, and may help expand user traffic for all companies the appeal of other companies’ concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.________.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ________.[A] a safe business environment [B] random competition[C] strong user traffic [D] flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ________.[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition[D] deserve all the negative comments about them34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of ________.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4, provocative magazine cover story, “I love It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightfulMy Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like thesuggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enrichingexperience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Seniorsuggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can bemeasured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writesthat “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intensegratification and delight.” The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on thenewsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting youregret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn’t seem quitefair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely, but unhappy childless folks are botheredare provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kidswith the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously theirmisery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and Peoplepresent is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, singleparents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kidwithout a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reeseand Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancingit’sparenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions withthe actual experience, in the same way that a s mall part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring ________.[A]temporary delight [B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect [D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D]having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ________.[A]are constantly exposed to criticism[B]are largely ignored by the media[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is ________.[A]soothing [B]ambiguous [C]compensatory [D]misleading40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on, Mr Menand notes, “the great books what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard-they form a sort of social glue.are read because they have been read”[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they enteredgraduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained. [D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across theinsistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties.Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking ona professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities haveprofessionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speededthe process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but facultyteaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisitionof a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 athird of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation,argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization areSo disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the transmissible but not transferable.”production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which“the producers of knowledge are produced.”O therwise, academics will continue to thinkdangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate andcriticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionaryYet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say.and more holistic.”[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in theAmerican University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoraldegree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening inAmerican Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University,captured it skillfully.G → 41.________→42. ________→ E →43. ________→44. ________→45. ________Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Wi th its theme that “Mind i s the master weaver,” c reating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of thecentral idea of self-help writing.（46）Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are notrobots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of usbelieve that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and （47）while we may beable to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we arecontinually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Achievement happensAllen concluded: “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” because you as a person embody the external achievement;you don’t “get” success but become it.There is no gap between mind and matter., Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person they reveal him.”（48）This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those atthe bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, （49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.early life and its conditions are often the Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’sgreatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50）The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not writer the address.（10 points）Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: C-D-B-B-A6-10: B-A-D-C-A11-15: B-C-D-C-B16-20: D-A-D-A-CSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21-25: C-B-D-B-A26-30: B-D-C-A-C31-35: D-C-B-A-A36-40: C-D-A-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: B-D-A-C-FPart C (10 points)46.艾伦的贡献在于,他探讨了一个公认的假设“因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能够控制自己的想法”，并揭示了其错误的本质。
南大外院课表2011-2012
外国语学院英语系2011级文学文化方向硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院英语系2011级语言学翻译方向硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院英语系2010级硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院英语系博士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院俄语系研究生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院法语系研究生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）2011-2012学年第二学期外国语学院德语系研究生注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院日语系硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院西班牙语系硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）外国语学院朝鲜语系硕士生授课计划及课程表注：本学期上课时间：自2012年2月13日至2011年7月1日（共20周）复习考试时间：自2012年7月2日至2011年7月15日（共2周）。
硕士研究生English英语学位真题含听力试题2011年12月pdf
硕士研究生英语学位真题2011年12月PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ADirections: In this section, you will bear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE, Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter witha single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1、A. He'll get promoted.B. He'll get another job.C. He'll be disappointed.D. He'll give a talk.2、A. $3.78.B. $4.25.C. $3.87.D. $4.15.3、A. It was just so-so.B. It was really special.C. It was quite good.D. It was awful.4、A. The woman should divorce her husband.B. The woman is thinking negatively.C. The woman is ignoring her husband.D. The woman is not imaginative.5、A. It seems too hard to most students.B. It is the most boring class.C. What is taught comes directly from the book.D. It is quite popular among students.6、A. Jennifer was a real stand-out.B. Jennifer had an impractical wish.C. Jennifer used to like eating pies.D. Jennifer realized her dreams.7、A. It's hard to explain.B. It's an unforgettable history.C. He cherishes their friendship.D. He is pretty busy.8、A. He is a gardener.B. He is an electrician.C. He is a plumber.D. He is a cleaner.9、A. Visit his doctor.B. Get a massage.C. Leave for a trip.D. Cancel an appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will bear two mini-talks, At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 10、A. Columbia University.B. Princeton University.C. The University of Pennsylvania.D. Cornell University.11、A. It is settled.B. It is not controversial.C. It is uncertain,D. It has never been studied.12、A. 2%.B. 7%C. 12%.D. 17%.13、A. John Fitzgerald Kennedy.B. Jacqueline Kennedy.C. Dwight Eisenhower.D. Edward Durrell Stone.14、A. The Opera House.B. The Concert Hall.C. The Family Theater.D. The States Gallery.15、A. The performing arts.B. Creation of new works.C. Methods of competition.D. The history of western music.Section CDirections: In this section you will bear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will bear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16、DynaTAC 8000X was a ______ (2 words) often called "the brick."17、The second generation or 2G network, allowed talking and ______ (3 words) .18、3G Users could keep ______ (3 words) on their phones, and send them to their friends.19、Modern cell phones can show movies and ______ (3 words).20、Many electronics stores in the United States even ______ (2 words) the newest cell phones if customers agree to pay to use the network.PART ⅡVOCABULARYSection ADirections: There are ten questions in this section, Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21、He was so handicapped by illiteracy and by his trusting disposition that he would be an easy prey to cheats.A. defendedB. disabledC. distressedD. destined22、Each year, some senior officials are removed from their positions because of various scandals.A. transferredB. eliminatedC. promotedD. dismissed23、After putting up the tent, these hikers set about making a fire to warm themselves.A. suspendedB. continuedC. startedD. imagined24、This book can give you a glimpse of the enduring appeal of the poems from the Tang Dynasty.A. tolerableB. lastingC. temporaryD. widespread25、As the success of this project is up to us, we are to double our efforts from now on.A. dependent onB. relative toC. closest toD. away from26、Health has come to be one of the utmost concerns among the general public in China.A. secondaryB. optimalC. greatestD. common27、The host invited to the dinner party Berliners of many walks of life-businessmen, academics and homemakers.A. routesB. occupationsC. aimsD. views28、There is the realization that one can't separate moral values from the whole spectrum of values.A. perspectiveB. definitionC. rangeD. series29、This honor recognizes the work done by these private enterprises on behalf of charity.A. in the face ofB. in the process ofC. in the course ofD. in the interests of30、A recent survey has found that three out of four women won't marry a man without a job.A. outsideB. inC. fromD. beyondSection BDirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31、Dayron Robles was on Monday sensationally ______ his world 110m hurdles title for obstruction of Liu Xiang.A. warded offB. stripped offC. called offD. paid off32、Since childhood, Crews had been ______ by health problems-fatigue, fever and trouble breathing.A. facilitatedB. consoledC. plaguedD. infected33、Grace urged students to stand by their beliefs and principles, and ______ themselves.A. believe inB. persist inC. consist inD. specialize in34、The Mexican settlers built cities and mansions in what ______ become California.A. used toB. had toC. ought toD. was to35、The President cancelled a foreign trip ______ growing concerns of a domestic crisis.A. forB. viaC. versusD. amid36、Healthy communication is essential for ______ through difficulties for a married couple.A. invadingB. navigatingC. composingD. contradicting37、With better drugs and medical facilities, ______ rates in hospitals have declined sharply.A. mortalityB. moralityC. modestyD. mobility38、A world-renowned scientist is scheduled to give a ______ on the future of biology.A. projectionB. prevalenceC. proficiencyD. presentation39、During the Gold Rush, many were gripped by an ______ desire for wealth and migrated to the West.A. allocatingB. evaporatingC. overwhelmingD. illuminating40、Russia is ______ the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area.A. far fromB. by farC. at firstD. other thanPART ⅢCLOZEDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Children living with single parents encounter many problems. They are more 41 stressful experiences than are children living with continuously married parents. 42 scholars define stress in somewhat different ways, most assume that it occurs when external demands 43 people's coping resources. This results in feelings of emotional distress, a(n) 44 capacity to function in school, work, and family roles, and an increase in physiological indicators of arousal. Economic hardship, incompetent parenting, and loss of 45 with a parent can be stressful for children. Conflict between nonresident parents appears to be particularly harmful when children feel that they are caught 46 , as when one parent speaks ill of the other parent in front of the child, when children are asked to transmit 47 or emotionally negative messages from one parent to the other, and when one parent attempts to recruit the child as an ally 48 the other. Interparental conflict is a direct stressor for children, and it can also interfere with their 49 to parents, resulting in feelings of emotional 50 .41、A. isolated from B. exposed to C. correlated with D. absorbed in42、A. If B. Because C. So D. Although43、A. exceed B. succeed C. proceed D. precede44、A. enhanced B. maintained C. innovated D. reduced45、A. property B. access C. contact D. attitude46、A. on one side B. in the middle C. at the bottom D. along the road47、A. critical B. severe C. enjoyable D. positive48、A. for B. with C. by D. against49、A. reluctance B. separation C. attachments D. reliance50、A. infinity B. insecurity C. invalidity D. invisibilityPART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSIONDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneIt happens to every college student. Every professor on campus assigns a paper the same week. Volunteer work and social activities fill the calendar. Before long, an assignment is due in the morning, so what else is there to do? Brew a pot of coffee and begin another of that most storied of college traditions: the all-nighter.Many college students have found themselves in this position. Although studying late into the early hours is a pretty well-accepted part of college life, the scientific consensus is clear-insufficient sleep is bad for a student's performance, happiness and health.Sleep is one of the body's most vital processes, affecting everything from muscle strength to memoryspan. Sleep increases blood flow to muscles and repairs damaged cells. A recent study indicates that college basketball players perform better on the court if they sleep at least ten hours the night before. Sleep consolidates memories and prepares the brain to perform-students who get more sleep can improve recall ability and actually do better on tests.How much sleep a person needs varies, but Dr. William DeMent from Stanford University says college students need over eight hours per night. With assignments piling up, many students end up constantly sleep deprived. Students accumulate a "sleep debt" that can get larger over time and can only be "paid off" by getting the amount of sleep the body needs. Naturally, a person's body would force them to get enough sleep by making them feel sleepy. But caffeine, stimulants, pressing deadlines encourage students' to ignore the body's natural signals and go without sleep far longer than they should.It's easy to get caught up in the excitement and stress of college life and to get in the habit of getting to bed later and later. But pushing bodies and schedules to their limits does not come without cost. In the short-term, sleepdeprivation affects mood, mental ability and physical performance. It decreases reaction time and makes a person more easily distracted. That's bad for test taking, and even worse for students who are driving. In the long-term, not getting enough sleep can sacrifice your health and shorten your life span by causing irritability, frustration and proneness to mistakes, associated with high blood pressure, obesity and heart failure. There are more than enough reasons to hit the sack early tonight!51、The expression "all-nighter" in the first paragraph refers to those students who______.A. sleep soundly the whole nightB. stay up all night studyingC. spend the night drinking coffeeD. don't come back for the night52、It can be concluded from this passage that ______.A. sleep is of great importance to college studentsB. most college students refuse to go to bed earlyC. college students go to bed late only occasionallyD. most colleges force students to work at night53、The harm that insufficient sleep does to test-takers is that ______.A. they feel sleepy during the testB. they forget what is learnedC. they become lazy thinkersD. they are left inattentive54、This passage implies that sleep deprivation is ______ among college students.A. rareB. commonplaceC. negligibleD. justified55、The underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean ______.A. get down to workB. see a doctorC. take some medicineD. go to bed56、What is this passage mainly concerned with?A. College students need to improve their work efficiency.B. Test-takers are to have sufficient sleep before a test.C. Sleep deprivation has much adverse effect on students.D. College students should never stay up late working.Passage TwoAt the beginning of a country's rise out of backwardness and poverty, more wealth does make a difference. However, citing surveys from China and South Korea, economist Richard Easterlin points out: "In these countries, per capita income has doubled in 20 years but overall happiness does not seem to have followed the same path." Economists are surprised, because GNP has long been thought the best indicator of human welfare. More GNP generally means more money for most people, and more money improves the quality of life, and that means happiness.But, perhaps, the survey suggests that more money can make you happy only if those around you do not share in your good fortune. General prosperity may fail to enhance individual contentment. Perhaps it is a matter of being aware of your advantage, not that you need to get the highest salaries or be the object of envy. Maybe, individual goals vary too much to be generalized. Maybe one has nothing at all to do with theother. Freud was well aware that economic success did not make people happy. Most psychoanalysts and therapists today would agree. He thought only the realization of a deep childhood desire could provide such satisfaction.Another problem is that people are poor reporters of their own states of mind. They will usually tell you what they themselves want to believe. To know if someone is really happy or not, you have to catch him or her in the act of happiness. Being happy or acting happy are more reliable indicators than thinking too much about it.Professional therapists also know that what makes people happy defies explanation, but what prevents them from being happy doesn't. Poor self-esteem undermines all feelings of success. Hunger and cold make it harder to relax and enjoy one's experience. Insecurity and failure to engage in one's work leave one dissatisfied. Anxiety penetrates all our perceptions and feelings, and brings us down.Economists can probably hope to measure how well our basic needs for security and health are met in society, and if those are reasonably OK, people tend to find the happiness they seek. Most of us want to enjoy life, spend time with our children, play at sports, sing, dance and travel.If we can do those things without dread, the amount of money we have is irrelevant.57、It seems to Richard Easterlin that higher GNP ______.A. will certainly make people happierB. depends on the overall level of happinessC. does not necessarily add to people's happinessD. is a good indicator of human happiness58、According to the second paragraph, individual happiness arises from ______.A. setting a high goalB. the respect from your neighborsC. common prosperityD. your superiority over others59、Freud's doctrine is mentioned to show that ______.A. goals vary from person to personB. a happy childhood means life-long happinessC. psychoanalysts and therapists think alikeD. wealth does not always make one happy60、It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. our feelings of happiness tend to be the sameB. there are few people who are really happyC. people sometimes don't know exactly how they feelD. thinking about happiness can make you feel happy61、Professional therapists believe that ______.A. it is easy to explain what makes people happyB. it is easy to tell what leaves people unhappyC. it is difficult to tell who is happyD. it is hard to distinguish happiness from unhappiness62、The author's conclusion is that ______.A. happiness is sometimes independent of wealthB. money can add to individual happinessC. it is possible to determine if money means happinessD. happiness has nothing to do with wealth of any sortPassage ThreeIt may sound like something out of a science fiction plot, but Oxford researchers say that modern conventional medicine is gradually developing ways to change the moral states of humans through pharmaceutical drugs, and thus control the way people think and act in various life situations. These new drugs will literally have the ability to disrupt an individual's personal morality, and instead reprogram that person to believe and do whatever the drug designer has created that drug to do."Science has ignored the question of moral improvement so far, but it is now becoming a big debate," said Dr. Guy Kahane from the Oxford Centre for Neuroethics in the UK. "There is already a growing body of research you can describe in these terms. Studies show that certain drugs affect the ways people respond to moral dilemmas by increasing their ability to share in another's feelings, group affiliation and by reducingaggression."While this may sound good in theory, mind control is already a very dangerous side effect of existing drugs. Take the antidepressant drug Prozac, for instance, which has been known to cause those taking it to lash out in violent rages. One young boy murdered his father by beating him and stabbing him in the head, and hit his mother with a crowbar and stabbed her in the face, shortly after starting to take Prozac.But the kinds of drugs Kahane and his colleagues are referring to imply designer drugs specifically designed to not only alter one's mental state, but also to change the way that person thinks about situations from a moral perspective. The end' result is literally a type of drug-induced mind control where human subjects will be controlled by someone else, and unable to make conscious decisions for themselves.Research on the subject, of course, tries to paint the idea of mind-control drugs in a positive light, suggesting that they could be used to help make the world a better place. Just imagine less violence, more trust, and more love, they say. This way of using words persuasively, though, is really just a tactic to further numb the already mind-numbed masses into accepting the idea as a good thing.63、The underlined part of the first sentence of the passage implies that ______.A. developing drugs to change human morality sounds unbelievableB. modern conventional medicine can bring miracles to healthC. it is impossible to control human behavior through drugsD. Oxford researchers are writing sci-fiction about new drugs64、Guy Kahane believes that certain drugs can ______.A. induce crime among drug-takersB. cause death if taken at a high doseC. bring about moral improvementD. make some patients feel lonely65、The drug Prozac is mentioned as evidence that ______.A. it is an effective drug for depressionB. some drugs can cause violent behaviorC. most drugs can make depression worseD. antidepressant drugs produce the desired effect66、The biggest side effect of designer drugs is that the users ______.A. can become increasingly immoralB. can feel too upset to live a normal lifeC. can no longer make any decisionsD. can no longer control their own mind67、The author's attitude towards the development of such drugs is ______.A. supportiveB. indifferentC. negativeD. uncertain68、This passage can be best entitled ______.A. Scientists Warn Future Drugs Will Be Designed to Control Human MindB. Drug Industry Is Entering a New Period of Dynamic DevelopmentC. Humans Can Become More Human by Taking Certain DrugsD. The World Will Be Dominated by, Drug Developers Unless We Take ActionPassage FourAmerica has been a land of naming freedom and self-expression. While other governments impose restrictions-German parents have to choose a name that clearly indicates the gender of the child and is not a surname, and the French, among others, forbid names that might expose a child to mockery-in the United States, anything goes.When Lum and Chin Nguyen had their first child, 26 years ago, they wanted to give him an American name. Newly settled in North Carolina, they chose Duke, in honor of nearby Duke University. Best of all, the name could work in both their old and new cultures by spinning its spelling to Duc or Duck, as the boy's teachers insisted on pronouncing it, to the great amusement of his classmates. With his pride injured, Duc Nguyen decided to reinvent himself and his name. His new choice was tried-and-true American and impossible to screw up: Wes."Your name is a way of marketing yourself," says Wes Nguyen, who turned his personal adventures in naming into a career as a corporate product namer. "When we create a new name for clients, we createimagery behind it, and I did that when I chose my own new name. Wes reminds me of the West Coast, of someone young and sophisticated and innovative. I think of a surfer, of someone who has work-life balance."The search for a name that screams "I'm unique!" leads some parents to invent names or play with traditional spelling. However, a downside of a "creative" name is that it may come with baggage, not all of it positive. "I always felt I was prejudged by my name," says Gestin Skaggs, 43, whose parents named her for a word they heard in a German love song. "I've either had to overcome some stereotype of a short, fat German man or live up to an expectation that I'm a really wild and creative thinker. People ascribe all kinds of personality traits to me that I don't have."But that's a small price to pay, say the teens with offbeat names we spoke with. "I've met a lot of people because of my name. They hear it and think it's cool," says Calypso Gibaldi, 15, named by her ocean-loving father for Jacques Cousteau's boat. "If my name was Jane, I'd be average like everyone else."69、By "anything goes" (Para. 1), the author means that in the U.S.A. baby naming tends to go with the trendB. parents can name their babies whatever they likeC. naming a baby should follow certain rulesD. a baby's name carries a special meaning70、According to Paragraph 2, the name Duc ______.A. was a good name connecting the two culturesB. was just a common English nameC. caused misunderstanding among studentsD. brought hurt feelings and bad memories71、Wes Nguyen chose this name ______.A. because he lives in the West CoastB. as a way of remembering his pastC. to promote his company productD. for the image that it reflects72、It can be seen from Gestin Skaggs' experience that ______.A. people tend to associate names with personal charactersB. names should be meaningful and easy to rememberC. a creative name tends to give a baby a good startD. people in general like unique names73、What does Calypso Gibaldi think of her name?A. It plays a positive role in her life.B. It has caused unexpected problems.C. She's not sure of the role her name plays.D. She'd rather have a more common name.74、The passage focuses on ______.A. the various ways of choosing baby namesB. the reasons behind finding unique baby namesC. the problems and benefits brought by namesD. the link between names and personalitiesPassage FiveInnovation. It's what got us through the Dark Ages. But over the years, instead of moving forward, some scientists and inventors have taken a few steps back. This article is dedicated to all the men and women who knew they'd never find a cure for the common cold, so they aimed much, much lower. Here are some of the winners.PEACE PRIZE-researchers from the University of Bern, Switzerland, for determining which hurts more-being smashed over the head with a full bottle of beer or with an empty bottle.An inherent problem in an experiment of this nature is finding volunteers who will agree to be brained with a beer bottle in the name of science. The scientists overcame this obstacle by dropping steel balls onto full and empty beer bottles. They found that the empties were stronger than their full brethren because the gas pressure from the liquid produces additional strain on the glass.Needless to say, full or not, beer bottles can cause a whole lot of hurt, which is why the scientists advocate prohibiting them "in situations that involve risk of human conflicts."VETERINARY MEDICINE PRIZE-researchers from Newcastle University, the United Kingdom: for showing that cows that have names give more milk than cows that are nameless.It turns out our attitudes make a difference. Being friendly and remembering a cow's name can increase milk yield by 258 liters a year. This came as no surprise to farmers, one of whom told the researchers that cows "hurt and love like anyone else."BIOLOGY PRIZE-researchers from Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences in Japan, for demonstrating that kitchen refuse can be reduced by more than 90 percent by using an enzyme(酶)-producing bacteria extracted from the waste of giant pandas.While this has potential applications-reducing garbage and waste-it still raises the question. How did it dawn on someone to try this experiment? And, of course, if one of your aims in ridding yourself of garbage is to get rid of the bad smell, adding panda waste to it is not likely to help.75、The best title for the passage is ______.A. Mad ScienceB. Science Makes a DifferenceC. Life and ScienceD. What Can Science Do76、According to the beer bottle experiment ______.A. being hit with an empty bottle hurts moreB. being hit with a full bottle of beer hurts moreC. being hit with full and empty bottles hurts equallyD. whether full or empty bottles hurt more depends on many factors77、The author may agree that the beer bottle experiment is ______.A. unreliableB. inhumanC. uselessD. unscientific78、The findings of Newcastle University ______.A. come as a big surprise for the farmersB. will be of great help for the farmersC. are nothing new for the farmersD. will change the farmers' attitudes79、What question does the author raise concerning the panda waste experiment?A. How will the public take the experiment?B. Does it have great potential for application?C. Where can we find enough panda waste?D. Why would anyone come up with such an idea?80、What is the author's tone in writing the passage?A. Objective.B. Ironic.C. Doubtful.D. Worried.It happens to every college student. Every professor on campus assigns a paper the same week. Volunteer work and social activities fill the calendar. Before long, an assignment is due in the morning, so what else is there to do? Brew a pot of coffee and begin another of that most storied of college traditions: the all- nighter.Many college students have found themselves in this position. Although studying late into the early hours is a pretty well-accepted part of college life, the scientific consensus is clear—insufficient sleep is bad for a student's performance, happiness and health.Sleep is one of the body's most vital processes, affecting everything from muscle strength to memory span. Sleep increases blood flow to muscles and repairs damaged cells. A recent study indicates that college basketball players perform better on the court if they sleep at least ten hours the night before. Sleep consolidates memories and prepares the brain to perform—students who get more sleep can improve recall ability and actually do better on tests.How much sleep a person needs varies, but Dr. William DeMent from Stanford University says college students need over eight hours per night. With assignments piling up, many students end up constantly sleep deprived. Students accumulate a "sleep debt" that can get larger over time and can only be "paid off" by getting the amount of sleep the body needs. Naturally, a person's body would force them to get enough sleep by making them feel sleepy. But caffeine, stimulants, pressing deadlines encourage students to ignore the。
2011年考研英语一真题答案及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析文章出自2009年4月的《科学美国人》（Scientific American）,作者Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感。
文章主要探讨了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。
第一段由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的观点引出“笑是有益于健康的身体运动”。
第二、三段承接上文，阐述了笑能放松肌肉，从而帮助减轻心理紧张的程度。
第四段以在1988年公布的一项实验为例论证了情绪是肌肉反应的结果，笑这一行为可以使心情好转。
二、试题解析1.[A]among在……之中[B]except除了[C]despite尽管[D]like像，如同【答案】[C]【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身体运动”，由连词but可知，第二句与第一句形成语义转折，即一些人提出相反的观点：笑不利于身体健康。
第二句逗号之后又提出：笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响，这是对前两种观点的否定，由此判断第二句的句内逻辑是转折关系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四个选项中只有[C]despite“尽管”表示转折，所以是正确答案。
2.[A]reflect反映[B]demand要求[C]indicate表明，预示[D]produce产生，引起【答案】[D]【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】上下文语境是“笑确实能对心血管功能短期的改变”，具体说明笑对身体产生的影响。
所选动词要与后面的changes构成动宾关系，并且带有“发生……作用，产生……效果”的含义。
四个选项中[A]reflect“反映”，[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“产生”，只有[D]选项“产生、引起”符合本句语境，所以是正确答案。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of? EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that alread y have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sens e of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．on on in in12．vain effect return contrast13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldma n Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directo rs are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. The y fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, thefirm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable becausethey .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Econ omic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who likeother people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means t hat less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for exam ple, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and pro portions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influen ce on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers –but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, we aker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is st uck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing forgovernments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: ., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck beca use the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting publ ic health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to shop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity，diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.“Thirty years ago, it would hav e been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufactures of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “if children ar e taught about the impact that food had on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between and grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and notjust by big companies.Section IV?? WritingPart A: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has been admitted to a him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her, and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B: write an essay based on the following chart .In your writing you should1)interpret the chart ,and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1参考答案21．A。
2011 年全国硕士研究生招生考试 管理类联考综合真题及答案详解
－ 2011 年全国硕士研究生招生考试 管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解：第 1~15 小题，每小题 3 分，共 45 分。
下列每题给出的 A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个 选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1．已知船在静水中的速度为 28km / h ，河水的流速为 2km / h .则此船在相距 78km 的两地间往 返一次所需要的时间是( ) .A.5.9hB.5.6hC.5.4hD.4.4hE.4h2．若实数 a,b,c 满足a 3+ 3b + 5 +(5c 4)2 = 0 ，则 abc = ( ) .A. 4B. 5C. 4D. 4E.33 3 53． 某年级 60 名学生中， 有 30 人参加合唱团、45 人参加运动队，其中参加合唱团而未参加运 动队的有 8 人，则参加运动队而未参加合唱团的有( ) .A.15 人B.22 人C.23 人D.30 人E.37 人4．现有一个半径为 R 的球体，拟用刨床将其加工成正方体，则能加工成的最大正方体的体积 是( ) .A. R 33B. R 39C. R 33D. R 33E. R 395．2007 年，某市的全年研究与试验发展( R & D )经费支出 300 亿元，比 2006 年增长 20%， 该市的 GDP 为 10000 亿元， 比 2006 年增长 10%.则 2006 年，该市的 R & D 经费支出占当年 GDP 的( ) .A.1.75% B ．2% C.2.5% D.2.75% E.3%6．现从 5 名管理专业、4 名经济专业和 1 名财会专业的学生中随机派出一个 3 人小组，则该3 4 8 8 3 1小组中 3 个专业各有 1 名学生的概率为( ) .1 A．21B．31C．41D．51E．67．一所四年制大学每年的毕业生七月份离校，新生九月份入学.该校 2001 年招生 2000 名，之后每年比上一年多招 200 名,则该校 2007 年九月底的在校学生有( ) .A．14000 名 B．11600 名 C．9000 名 D．6200 名 E．3200 名8．将 2 个红球与 1 个白球随机地放入甲、乙、丙三个盒子中，则乙盒中至少有 1 个红球的概率为( ) .1 A．9B．274C．9D．9E．279．如图 1，四边形 ABCD 是边长为 1 的正方形，弧A一OB，，，D一OA 均为半圆，则阴影部分的面积为( ) .A．12 B．2C．14D．12E．2210． 3 个 3 口之家一起观看演出，他们购买了同一排的 9 张连座票，则每一家的人都坐在一起的不同坐法有( ) .A．(3!)2 种 B．(3!)3 种 C． 3( 3!)3 种 D．(3!)4 种 E．9! 种11．设 P 是圆x2 + y2 = 2 上的一点，该圆在点 P 处的切线平行于直线 x + y + 2 = 0，则点 P 的坐标为( ) .A． ( 1,1) B． (1, 1) C． (0, 2 ) D． ( 2 , 0) E． (1,1)－851712．设a,b,c 是小于 12 的三个不同的质数(素数)，且a 一 b+ b 一 c + c 一 a = 8 ，则a + b+ c = ( ) .A．10 B．12 C．14 D．15 E．1913．在年底的献爱心活动中，某单位共有 100 人参加捐款.经统计，捐款总额 19000 元，个人捐款数额有 100 元、500 元和 2000 元三种.该单位捐款 500 元的人数为( ) .A．13 B．18 C．25 D．30 E．3814．某施工队承担了开凿一条长为 2400m 隧道的工程，在掘进了400m 后，由于改进了施工工艺，每天比原计划多掘进 2m ，最后提前 50 天完成了施工任务.原计划施工工期是( ) . A．200 天 B．240 天 C．250 天 D．300 天 E．350 天15．已知 x2 + y2 = 9， xy = 4 ，则= ( ) .1 A．21B．51C．61D．131E．14二、条件充分性判断：第 16~25 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分。
西南交通大学研究生公共课程表
2011-2012第一学期研究生公共课程选课注意事项：
一、1、2011硕士研究生入学英语成绩小于50分的学生第一学期必须选修《研究生综合英语》，第二学期才允许选修《第一外国语》，否则《第一外国语》成绩无效。
2、每个硕士研究生限选1个班，每班限选70人。
3、为避免与专业课发生冲突，请各院系同学集中选《研究生综合英语》，时间规定如下：
九里校区：
二、6个单项，共计42个班。
2、每个硕士研究生限选1个班，每班限选60人。
3、为避免与专业课发生冲突，请各院系同学集中选《第一外国语》，时间规定如下：
九里校区：
三、
四、2011级学术型硕士研究生《形势与政策》分班如下：
五、
六、课表中没有标注开课周次的，开课时间都为1－17周。
七、公共课程编号：
八、进修过研究生课程的
转入。
西南交通大学研究生课程表
2011级硕士研究生各学科公共课 2011——2012 学年第 1 学期。
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12011年研究生学位英语考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Devastation of the FamineThe Great Famine that struck Ireland between 1845 and 1849 was a humanitarian catastrophe that resulted in the death of nearly a million people and the ____1____ of another two million.A series of potato blights, ____2____ by a fungus calledphytophthora infestans, caused the staple crop upon which a large proportion of the Irish population depended to fail repeatedly. The government, led by Sir Robert Peel initially responded by importing corn in an attempt to ____3____ the Irish population. However, the harsh economic circumstances of the time meant that poverty was widespread. There were impossible tolls to be paid just in order to transport the corn to local markets and the potato blight had spread to the only other crop the Irish could depend upon: oats.Word Bank:A) starvation B) plaguedC) escape D) sufferingE) provided F) deterioratingG) distributed H) deliverI) crumbling J) accompaniedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesIn 1858 Illinois held a series of seven public debates for a United States Senate seat between the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, and the Democratic candidate, Stephen Douglas. The debates were an integral part of the ______4____ and were intended to gain _____5____ crucial to their respective campaigns. Douglas was a well-known incumbent who had held the seat for two terms and was seeking re-election. Lincoln, a former one-term congressman and unsuccessful opponent of Douglas in the _____6____ election for the same seat, challenged him to a series of debates.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (40 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.1. The poor living conditions of children reflect their ________ status in society.A. relativelyB. immovableC. hazardousD. subordinate2. The corporation has fired a number of employees as part of a restructuring _______.A. bindingB. initiativeC. differentialD. libertyPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 30 points)A) Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneQuestions:7. What was the main focus of the Great Famine in Ireland?A. Social unrestB. Economic collapseC. Agricultural disasterD. Political corruption8. What caused the potato crops to fail repeatedly during the Great Famine?A. Pesticide overuseB. Harsh economic circumstancesC. Phytophthora infestansD. Sir Robert Peel's policiesPassage TwoQuestions:9. Who were the two candidates in the 1858 Illinois Senate debates?A. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen DouglasB. Stephen Douglas and John F. KennedyC. Abraham Lincoln and Barack ObamaD. Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln10. What was the role of the debates in the political campaigns of Lincoln and Douglas?A. To divide the votersB. To engage in intellectual discussionsC. To gain support from the publicD. To seek endorsements from prominent figuresPart IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.The Theory of Evolution is one of the most revolutionary scientific theories in the history of biology. Introduced by Charles Darwin in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species," the theory proposes that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors through the process of natural selection. The theory has had profound implications for our understanding of the natural world and has revolutionized the field of biology.2011年研究生学位英语考试答案解析Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A1. A) starvation2. B) plagued3. E) provided4. D) suffering5. H) deliver6. F) deteriorating7. C) Agricultural disaster8. C) Phytophthora infestansSection B4. B5. C6. A篇22011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析The Graduate School English Test (GRE) is an important examination that many students have to take in order to pursue advanced degrees in various fields. In 2011, the GRE exam had a specific format and set of questions that challenged the test takers' language skills and comprehension abilities. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2011 GRE exam, as well as offer detailed explanations for the answers to some of the questions.The 2011 GRE exam consisted of three main sections: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Analytical Writing. The Verbal Reasoning section focused on assessing the test takers' ability to understand and analyze written passages, while the Quantitative Reasoning section tested their math skills. The Analytical Writing section required students to write two essays based on provided prompts.One of the questions from the Verbal Reasoning section in the 2011 GRE exam presented a passage about the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance. The question asked test takers to identify the main idea of the passage and choose the best possible answer. The correct answer was "B" which stated that biodiversity is crucial for the health of ecosystems.In the Quantitative Reasoning section, students encountered questions that tested their ability to solve math problems and apply mathematical concepts. One question in this section asked test takers to calculate the percentage of a certain number in relation to another number. The correct answer was determined by dividing the first number by the second number and multiplying the result by 100.In the Analytical Writing section, students had to write two essays that demonstrated their ability to think critically and express their ideas clearly. One of the prompts asked students to discuss the pros and cons of social media in society. Test takers were required to provide examples and evidence to support their arguments and present a well-structured essay.In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam was a challenging test that assessed students' language skills, math abilities, and criticalthinking skills. By preparing thoroughly and familiarizing themselves with the format of the exam, test takers were able to perform well and achieve high scores. Studying past GRE exams and practicing with sample questions can help students improve their test-taking abilities and increase their chances of success in the exam.篇32011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析Introduction:The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test that is required for admission to most graduate schools in the United States. It measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills that have been acquired over a long period of time and that are not related to any specific field of study. In this document, we will take a look at the 2011 GRE exam, including sample questions and answer explanations to help you better prepare for the test.Verbal Reasoning Section:1. Sentence Equivalence:- Sample question: The author's writing style was so ________ that it was difficult to follow his arguments.- Options: A) convoluted B) lucid C) concise D) verbose E) ambiguous F) meticulous- Answer: A) convoluted- Explanation: The correct answer is convoluted because it means intricate or difficult to follow, which is the opposite of lucid (clear) and concise (succinct).2. Text Completion:- Sample question: The politician's speech was filled with empty promises and ________ rhetoric that failed to resonate with the audience.- Options: A) sincere B) insincere C) blunt D) persuasive E) ineffective- Answer: B) insincere- Explanation: The correct answer is insincere because it fits the context of the sentence, which is negative and suggests that the rhetoric was not genuine.Quantitative Reasoning Section:1. Multiple Choice:- Sample question: If a car travels at a speed of 60 miles per hour, how far will it have traveled in 3 hours?- Options: A) 100 miles B) 120 miles C) 140 miles D) 160 miles E) 180 miles- Answer: E) 180 miles- Explanation: The correct answer is E) 180 miles because you can calculate this by multiplying the speed (60 miles per hour) by the time (3 hours).2. Numeric Entry:- Sample question: What is the value of 2(x + 3) when x = 5?- Answer: 16- Explanation: The correct answer is 16 because you substitute x = 5 into the equation to get 2(5 + 3) = 2(8) = 16.Analytical Writing Section:1. Argument Essay:- Sample question: The following appeared in a memo from the director of marketing at Dura-Sock, a small company that makes athletic socks:"Our marketing department recently conducted a survey of consumers in our target market, and we found that over 80% of respondents agreed that Dura-Sock is the most durable and comfortable sock on the market. Therefore, we should increase our advertising budget to capitalize on this positive perception and increase our market share."- Answer: This argument is flawed because it relies onself-reported data from a biased sample of consumers and does not provide any evidence to support the claim that increasing the advertising budget will lead to a significant increase in market share.2. Issue Essay:- Sample question: "It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics."- Answer: While studying history and literature is important for developing critical thinking and communication skills, studying science and mathematics is crucial for understanding the world around us and solving complex problems. Therefore, both areas of study are equally important for a well-rounded education.Conclusion:In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam tested students on a range of skills, including verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing. By practicing sample questions and reviewing answer explanations, students can better prepare for the test and improve their chances of success. Remember to study consistently and seek help from tutors or study materials to enhance your performance on the exam. Good luck!。
西南大学2011年专业学位硕士研究生参考范围
1、林崇德主编《发展心理学》人民教育出版社
2、王重鸣《心理学研究方法》人民教育出版社1990年版
3、金盛华主编《社会心理学》高等教育出版社2005版
4、黄希庭《心理学导论》人民教育出版社1991年版
403西南基础教育课程研究中心（023-68252443）
045116心理健康教育
1、心理学基础参考：《心理学》（高等师范院校公共课教材），黄希庭主编，上海教育出版社，ISBN：7532053636
2、《教育心理学》，张大均主编，人民教育出版社，2005年版，ISBN:9787107184710
3、《发展心理学》,林崇德主编，人民教育出版社，1995年，ISBN：7107112759
31、《欧洲音乐史》，张洪岛主编，人民音乐出版社
32、《欧洲声乐发展史》，尚家骧著，华乐出版社
33、《西方声乐艺术史》，管谨义编著，人民音乐出版社
34、《世界著名歌唱家》，亨利·普莱桑茨著，中国文联出版社
35、《西洋声乐发展概略》，李维渤编著，世界图书出版社
36、《音乐美学基础》，张前、王次炤著，人民音乐出版社
14、《传统作曲技法》，赵晓生著，上海教育出版社2003年版
15、《音乐欣赏》，周世斌著，西南师范大学出版社2000年第11版
16、《复调音乐写作基础教程》，ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ铭志著，人民音乐出版社
17、《复调音乐教程》，于苏贤著，上海音乐出版社
18、《MIDI技术理论与实践》，程伊兵著
19、《电脑MIDI系统与媒体音乐创作》，谷勇编著，西南师范大学出版社
8、《论钢琴表演艺术》，涅高兹著，人民音乐出版社
9、《钢琴演奏之道》，赵晓生著，上海音乐出版社
(完整word版)武汉大学2011年硕士研究生英语期末考试试题
English for Graduates (Paper A）20111229I。
Listening Comprehension (20％)Directions：In this part, you are going to listen to four passages。
At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C，and D。
Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet。
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage。
1. A。
He read a lot of books on management。
B. He made every step safe enough.C。
He prepared himself well beforehand。
D. He had knowledge for the next phase。
2. A. news reporter B。
American dreamC。
lucky boy D。
poor child3. A。
generals B。
committees C. armies D。
schools4。
A. reading different books B。
attending seminarsC. listening to audiotapes D。
learning on one’s own5. A. face-to—face contact B。
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2011级硕士生英语期末考试
考生注意事项
1、考试时间12月31日（周六）下午14:00-16:00，考生必须携带学生证或身份证入场。
2、考生自备接收机，调频FM86.7。
3、答题卡上的院系栏填考生所在的院系；考号填写本人学号；试卷种类及外语级别不
填；并在答题卡左上角空白处注明英语班级。
4、答题卡全部用2B铅笔填涂，若不按要求填写，答题卡一律作废，后果自负。
5、答题卡、答题纸与试卷在考试结束时统一收回。
6、考试地点：综合楼，具体见考场安排。
考生必须严格按照考场安排进入本考场进行
考试，否则考试成绩无效！
考考生请提前进入考场调试耳机。
中国地质大学（北京）研究生院
2011．12．26
考场安排：
第一考场：综合楼904 英语班级：A+1，A+2
第二考场：综合楼903 英语班级：A+3，A+4
第三考场：综合楼902 英语班级： A1，A2
第四考场：综合楼901 英语班级：A3，A4
第五考场：综合楼804 英语班级：A5，A6
第六考场：综合楼803 英语班级：A7，A8
第七考场：综合楼802 英语班级：B1，B3
第八考场：综合楼801 英语班级：B2，B4
第九考场：综合楼704 英语班级：B5，B7
第十考场：综合楼703 英语班级：B6，B8
第十一考场：综合楼702 英语班级：B9，B11
第十二考场：综合楼701 英语班级：B10，B12
第十三考场：综合楼604 英语班级：B13，B15
第十四考场：综合楼603 英语班级：B14，B16
第十五考场：综合楼602 英语班级：B17，B19
第十六考场：综合楼601 英语班级：B18，B20
第十七考场：综合楼504 英语班级：B21，B23 第十八考场：综合楼503 英语班级：B22，B24 第十九考场：综合楼502 英语班级：B25，B27 第二十考场：综合楼501 英语班级：B26，B28 第二十一考场：综合楼401 基地班。