中石油2016通用英语选读课文47Managing In a Global Environment在全球环境中进行管理
中石油2016通用英语选读课文48The Conscious Use of the Subconscious Mind对潜意识的有意识利用
48 The Conscious<有意识> Use of the Subconscious Mind<潜意识>对潜意识的有意识利用1.Nearly all of us have had the experience of riding on a train with no one to talk to,or of sitting through<一直挺到结束> a concert<音乐会> or lecture to which we were not really listening,and having ideas tumble over<打翻，乱扔，绊倒，反复思考> themselves in our minds. This is the subconscious<adj下意识的>mind at work,taking advantage of<利用>the relaxed state of the conscious mind.It is capable of<能够> doing much of our best thinking and of helping us solve our most perplexing<adj复杂的，令人困惑的> problems.It can bring to bear on all our affairs far more wisdom and experience than our conscious minds command.1.几乎所有人都有过这种经历，独自一人坐在火车上没有人聊天，或是听音乐会或讲座时思想开小差，脑子里的念头此起彼伏。
这就是潜意识利用了有意识的大脑的放松状态在起作用，它能够很好地思维并且帮助我们解决最复杂的问题，其机智和熟练程度甚至比有意识的头脑更强。
中石油 职称英语考试2013版(通用选读)
中石油职称英语考试2013版通用选读目录1.The Value of Time 时间的价值.............................................................................................................................2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 ..........................................................................................3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... .....................................................................................................4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判（新） ...........................................................................work Security 网络安全 ..................................................................................................................................6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料.............................................................................................................7.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 ......................................................................................8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条..............................................................................................................................9.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 ........................................................................................................10.Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever 清洁能源行业投资热潮 .................................................................................11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 ...........................................................................................................................12.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛...........................................................................................................13.Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?运动有奇效吗? ................................................................................14..Taking chances,Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇....................................................................................15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 ..................................................................................................................16.The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观.....................................................................................................puters Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率.....................................................18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 ..........................................................................................19.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油............................................................................................................20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 ................................................................................................................21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 ....................................................................................................22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐...............................................................................................................23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐......................................................................................................24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述............................................................................................................25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知.......................................................................................26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜.........................................................................................27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣...........................................................................................................................28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 ...........................................................................................................................29.How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失....................................................................................30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人”.............................................................................31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 ......................................................................................................................32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) ....................................................................33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学.....................................................................34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ ................................................................................35.Trends for 21st Century21世纪的趋势...............................................................................................................36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 ................................................................................................................................37.Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 ..................................................................................................38.To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命..............................................................................................................39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学..................................................40.An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 ....................................................................................41.The Subject of Smiling微笑问题 .........................................................................................................................42.A $210,000 WALLET1 价值21万美元的钱包....................................................................................................43.What's Your Best Time of Day?何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ ........................................................................44.Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 ........................................................45.Happiness Index幸福指数 ..................................................................................................................................46.Becoming Wealthy:It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己.......................................................................................47.Oil 油 ...................................................................................................................................................................48.Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减..................................................................................................49.Cultural Taboos文化禁忌....................................................................................................................................50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理............................................................................51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 ........................................................................................................52.Sales Promotion 产品促销..................................................................................................................................53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 .........................................................................................................................54.Why To Mark a Book 为什么在书上做标记 ......................................................................................................55.Earth's Last Frontier:The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 ..........................................................................56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲...................................................................................57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 ...............................................................................................................................58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 .......................................................59.The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧 .........................................................................................................60.Future of Energy能源的未来 ..............................................................................................................................1.The Value of Time 时间的价值1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1、谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
中石油职称英语翻译重点课文分析
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年中石油职称英语翻译重点课文分析（个人观点仅供参考）1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.1、胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全.1. The international community should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.1、中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。
2. “To ensure global energy security, we need to develop and implement a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordination,” Hu said in a written speech to the outreach session of the G8 summit.2、在八国集团同发展中国家领导人对话会议上，胡主席在讲话稿中谈到：”为保障全球能源安全，我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观。
”3. While global energy security is crucial to the economic growth and people’s livelihood of all countries, the world peace and stability, and common development, “few countries can achieve energy security without joining in international cooperation,” he stressed.3、胡锦涛主席强调，全球能源安全，关系各国的经济命脉和民生大计，对维护世界和平稳定、促进各国共同发展至关重要。
2016中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第1-10课-课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试课后练习及答案目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9)7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11)8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）课后练习：1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____.A. treatmentB.requirementC.managementD.improvement2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time.A.bring upe upC.dress upD.show up3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people.A.TraditionallyB.AdditionallyC.ConditionallyD.Exceptionlly5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic.A.essentiallyB.entirellyC.extremelyD.especially6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】.A.anticipateB.participateC.preserveD.announce7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problemA.look intoB.look onC. look overD.look through答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版)课后练习：1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problemA.identifyB.identityC. identicalD.identification2. All offers ____ require payment【付款】or private information before giving an award 【奖品】are bogus【假冒的】.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.that3. Take the time to ____ the validity【合法性】of an offer.A.check outB.look outC.make outD.pick out4.Thoroughly【彻底地】conduct a background【背景】check【核实】on the company, ____ as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A.madeB.makesC.makingD.make5. If ____, visit a local law enforcement【执行】office and ask their opinion.A.in doubtB.in caseC.in conditionD.in detail6. ____ people who report such crimes, ____ criminals are arrested.A. the more; the moreB. the more; moreC. more; moreD. the most; the most答案：1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6A补充练习：1. Use the ____ version of your web browser.A. laterB. lastC. latestD. late2. ____ conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A. ThoughB. ThroughlyC. ThorughD. Thoroughly3. Don't ____ secure websites using public Wi-Fi.A. accessB. acessC. processD. accesses4. Sign up for alerts ____ your mobile phone or email.A. to send toB. to be sent toC. to be sentD. to sent to5. your bank and credit card accounts weekly.A. monitoB. monitoredC. monitorD. monitoring答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5C3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的…课后练习：1.Grandpa ___ to water the flowers now, It’s going to rain soon.A.isn’t needingB.needn’tC.doesn’t needD.needs2.Have you watered the flower? I don’t think this kind of flower need ____ every day.A.waterB.wateringC.be wateredD.being watered3.___ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThonghD.When4.____ interesting story it is!A.What aB.thatC.whichD.since5. Put things back ____ you found them. (2010年考题)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.since6.You ___ yourself about money(2010年考题)A.need not worryB.have worryC. are not being worriedD.need’n be worried7. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _____ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better8. Goldfish and hamsters all die. ________.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we9. Think of what a better world ______ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be答案：1C 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A 7D 8D 9B补充练习：1、When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and _____ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which3. It would be a better world if we all _____ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down4. Don't take things .A. that aren't yoursB. which aren’t youC. that aren’t youD. which are n’t yours答案：1A 2C 3A 4A4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013版)课后练习：1.___ wants to succeed【成功】in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.A.WhoeverB.whateverC.whomeverD.whenever2. Yet a euphoric approach to business is ___ enough.A. by all meansB. by means ofC. by no meansD. by means for3. he attitude【态度】"time is money" has more ___ on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else.A.discussB.containC.evaluateD.influence4.Present【介绍】and market【推销】your case in a ___ way.A.positiveB.possibleC.previousD.private5.When doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations into ___.A.adventureB.accountC.adviceD.ambition答案：1A 2C 3D 4A 5B补充练习：1. Its business culture, ____has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", ___ commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.A. which; has leadedB. which; has been leadingC. that; has leadedD. that; has been leading2. Yet a euphoric approach _____ business is by no means enough.A. intoB. withC. toD. on3. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ____ focused.A. ruthlessB. ruthlesslyC. ruthlessness4. ____ a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as ____ results.A. Developing; gettingB. Developing; to getC. To develop; gettingD. To develop; to get5. For this reason, many US __ contain the provision "time is of the essence" within their preamble.A. contactsB. contentsC. contendsD. contracts6. The negotiation will ___ in a well-prepared, calm and pragmatic manner, all laced ___a substantial dose of humor.A. proceed; withB. process; withC. process; inD. proceed; in7. Religion, politics or ethnic background should be touched on ___.A. cautiouslyB. cautiousnessC. cautiousD. caution8. Do not ____ your negotiating partners' relaxed style of communication.A. are misled byB. misled byC. be misled byD. be misled9. The casual attitude in the US does not mean ___ no hierarchy in US companies.A. that isB. there isC. there areD. that are答案：1B 2C 3B 4A 5D 6A 7A 8C 9B5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料（2010版）课后练习：1. Although recent years have seen ______ reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective2.The number of such vehicles ___ steadily increasingA.have beenB.had beenC.having beenD.has been3.There is a serious liability ___ performance and fuel efficiency.A.in time ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in honour of4.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is _____ Great BritainA.three times as big asB.three times as bigger asC. as three times big asD.as three times gigger as5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about ___ methanolA.twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as6. the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. ____, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.【2010年考题】A.ContinuouslyB.ConsequentlyC.ConsantlyD.Consistently7. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels _______ molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose8. The hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to _____ ozone.A generalB generationC generateD generous9. The combustion of larger molecules, _____ have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involvesa more complex series of reactions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who10. Ethanol is commonly used ____ a gasoline supplementA.forB.toC.byD.as11.Henry and Tom ___ to the particles at the Trade Union every Saturday(2010年考题)ed to goB.were used to goC.are used to goD.ues to go12. Vehicles ____ only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. corporateB.cooperatingC. operatingD. incorporating答案：1A 2D 3C 4A 5A 6D 7D 8C 9B 10D 11A 12D补充练习：1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles ____ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has been steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. have been steadily increased2. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone that _____ legally established limits.A. succeedB. proceedC. exceedD. excess3. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle _____ is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionB. emissionC. omissionD. Mission4. There is a growing realization that the only ___ way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. Supplement5. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likelyto _____ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief6. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have _____.A. drawbacksB. setbackC. drawerD. backward7. Ethanol and methanol have important advantages _____ other carbon-based alternative fuels.A. onB. overC. byD. with8. It is currently about ______ as methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. as twice expensive asC. as expensive twice asD. expensive as twice as9. Methanol's most attractive feature is that it can reduce ____ about 90 percent the vehicle emissions.A. ofB. inC. onD. by10. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more ____ than gasoline clone vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. supplement答案：1C 2C 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10B6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版)课后练习：1.The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors ___ in global positioning satellite signals.A.arisingB.riseC.raiseD.arouse2. GM envisions【设想，想象】a system ___ the Mobility InternetA.callingB.callC.callsD.called3. How much control you want to turn over to the car may __ your age and where youare goingA.depend onB.call one onD.go on4. On vacation with the family the driver may want to __ and talk to the kidsA.turn upB.turn toC.turn onD.turn around5. Taking the fun out of the driving is not our main goal—we'd like to help people enjoy __A. to driveB.driveC.drivesD.driving6. But they should make the ___ if they want to drive or (they) press the autopilotbutton.A.decisionB.decideC.departureD.depart答案：1A 2D 3A 4D 5A补充练习：1. It is an early step toward a robo-car that can drive itself, perhaps ____ .A. better than youB. better than you canC. better you can2. The TTS run will demonstrate ____ the car can take curves as fast as a human driver—without driving off a cliff.A. asB. thatC. whenD. whether3. The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals ____ they travel through the ionosphere and troposphere.A. asB. thatC. whatD. where4. Second, the car needs ____ collisions.A. to be able to avoidB. being able to avoidC. to be able to avoiding5. Some of these capabilities have already hit the street, and others %___ in tests.A. has been demonstratedB. have been demonstratedC. have demonstrated6. GM envisions a system ___ connects intelligent cars to each other and to remote servers in a vast, moving peer-to-peer network that would let them ____ efficiently and in sync.A. that; to travelB. which; travelC. where; travelD. that; travel7. How much control you want to turn over to the car(主语) may depend on your age and ____.A. where are you goingB. where you are goingC. where do you go toD. that you are going8. Taking the fun out of the driving（主语）is not our main goal—we'd like to ___.A. help people to enjoy to driveB. help people enjoy to driveC. help people enjoy drivingD. help people enjoying to drive答案：1B 2D 3A 4A 5B 6D 7B 8C考点：使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的“不完全”及物动词，主要有make(使,令)，let(让)，help(帮助)，have(叫)等，其后的不定式“不带to”。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第31-40课-课文精讲.pdf
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录31 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版) (2)32 THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH加利福尼亚淘金热 (2016新增) (6)33 WHAT DO PARENTS OWE THEIR CHILDREN 父母欠子女什么？ (11)34 SHOULD YOU GO ORGANIC? 你应该“有机”吗？（N2016新增） (15)35 YOU BET YOUR LIFE 以命相赌 (20)36 TO BE CONTENT WITH ONE'S LOT乐天知命 (24)37 I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO TEACH UNTIL I MET YOU 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (30)38 RESERVOIR PRODUCTION MECHANISMS油藏开采机理（2016新增） (34)39 A $210,000 WALLET 价值21万美元的钱包 (38)40 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN HANDLING PEOPLE 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (42)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
31 Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版)【2007版，2010版，2013版，2016版】【2011年第7、8段翻译】1. Petroleum geology is the application【应用，接to】of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration【勘探】for and production【生产】of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly 【牢牢地】based on 【建立在…基础上】chemistry, physics, and biology, involving【包括】the application【后接to】of essentially【本质上】abstract【adj.抽象的，n.文摘】concepts to observed【观察的】data【资料】. In the past these data were basically【基本上】observation 【观察】and subjective【主观的】, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore【因此】more objective【客观的】. Geology, in general【总的来说】, and petroleumgeology, in particular【特别，尤其】value judgements based on experience and an assessment【评估】of validity【有效性】among the data presented.1、石油地质学是地质学（岩石研究）在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文05
5 Carbon-based Alternative<adj.替代的;其他的n.替代物>碳基替代燃料1.Although recent years have seen substantial<adj.坚固的，实质的，真实的，充实的> reductions in noxious<adj.有害的>pollutants<n.污染物质> from individual motor vehicles<机动车辆>,the number of such vehicles has been steadily<adv.稳定地;持续地;稳固地>increasing.Consequently<因此>,more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide<一氧化碳>,particulate matter<颗粒物质>,and ozone<n.臭氧；新鲜的空气>(generated by<产生> photochemical reactions<光化反应>with hydrocarbons<n.碳氢化合物>from vehicle exhaust<n.排气，排气装置vi.排气vt.用尽，耗尽>) that exceed<vt.超过;超越;胜过;越过…的界限vi.突出,领先>legally<adv.法律上,合法地> established<adj.已建立的;已设立的;已制定的;确定的> limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve<vt.实现; 取得; 获得; 成功> further reductions in vehicle emissions<n.排放物>- short of<除了…之外；缺乏，达不到>a massive shift<巨大的转变> away from the private automobile<汽车>- is to replace conventional diesel<n.柴油机>fuel and gasoline<汽油>with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied<v.（使）液化，（使）溶解>petroleum<石油> gas, ethanol<乙醇>, or methanol<甲醇>.<replaceA withB 用B替代A>1.尽管近几年来私人机动车辆排放的有害污染物已有相当程度的减少，但这类车辆的数量却仍在稳定地增长。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文47Managing In a Global Environment在全球环境中进行管理
47 Managing In a Global Environment在全球环境中进行管理1. Assume for a moment<此刻>that you're a manager going to work for a branch of<分支> a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home, but how? What should you be looking for?1. 此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家全球组织的国外分支机构工作。
你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么程度呢？你应当注意些什么？2. Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section, we'll look at<考察> some of those challenges and offer guidelines<指导> for responding. Although our discussion is presented<展开> through the eyes of a U.S. manager, our analytical framework could be used by any manager who has to manager in a foreign environment, regardless of national origin.2.任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第11-20课-课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录11 SMOKING AND CANCER 吸烟和癌（2013版新增） (2)12 EAST MEETS WEST IN RELAXING MACAU澳门—东西方文化的交汇点（2016版新增） (5)13 THE POSITIVE MEANINGS OF LOVE 爱的真谛 (8)14 TAKING CHANCES, MAKING CHANCES 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (13)15 CONVENTIONAL PETROLEUM RESERVOIR常规油气藏（2016版新增） (17)16 UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS 非常规油气（2016版新增） (21)17 THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA 阿尔伯达省（2007版） (25)18 UNLEASHING YOUR CREATIVITY 释放你的创造力（2016版新增） (29)19 THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE国际贸易原理 (32)20 A WORLD WITHOUT OIL 假如世界没有石油（2013版新增） (37)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
11 Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌（2013版新增）【注：2007版，2010版，2013版】【2011考阅读】1. Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes【香烟】 every year (1970 figures). This is roughly【大体上】 the equivalent【相等的，等价的；等价物，相等物】 of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated【估计】 that 51% of American men smoke compared with【与……相比】 34% of American women.1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。
中石油系统职称英语通用英语选读文章中英文对照版最新版
目录中石油职称英语教材_2013年版1. The Value of Time时间的价值 (3)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (4)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的 (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans如何与美国人谈判 (7)5. Network Security网络安全 (9)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (11)7. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself无人驾驶汽车 (13)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (15)9．The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (16)10. Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever清洁能源行业投资热潮 (18)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (19)12. The Positive Meanings of Love爱的真谛 (21)13. Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗？ (24)14.Taking chances, Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (26)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (27)16. The American Way: Family美国人的家庭观 (29)17. Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (30)18. The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (32)19. A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (34)20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 (36)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (38)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (40)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (42)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (46)25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (48)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 (50)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (52)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (54)29. How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (57)30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (59)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 (61)32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) (64)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (66)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (68)35. Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势 (70)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (73)37. Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (75)38. To Be Content with One's Lot 乐天知命 (77)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (80)40. An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (82)41. The Subject of Smiling 微笑问题 (85)42. A $210,000 WALLET1价值21万美元的钱包 (88)43. What's Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (90)44. Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (94)45. Happiness Index幸福指数 (96)46. Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (99)47. Oil（油） (101)48. Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (104)49. Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (106)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (108)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 (111)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (114)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (117)54.Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记 (119)55.Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (122)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (125)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (128)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (132)59.The Audacity of Hope1有希望则无所畏惧 (135)60. Future of Energy能源的未来 (139)1. The Value of Time时间的价值【2013年新增加文章】1. "Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed,it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1．谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
中石油职称考试《通用英语》2013版学习笔记
2013中石油职称英语考试阅读60篇学习心得目录1.The Value of Time 时间的价值 (2)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (6)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的 (9)4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判 (11)work Security 网络安全 (16)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (20)7. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 (24)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (28)9.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (31)10.Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever 清洁能源行业投资热潮 (35)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (40)12.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛 (43)13.Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗? (49)14.Taking chances, Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (54)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (58)16.The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观 (61)puters Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (65)18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (69)19.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (74)20.The Germanic Languages 日耳曼语系 (78)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (81)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (85)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (89)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (94)25.Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (99)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past 月球-来自远古之谜 (103)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (106)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (110)29.How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (114)30.That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (121)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况.................................................125 32.The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 老人与海(节选) (129)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (133)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (139)35.Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势 (143)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (149)37.Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (153)38.To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命 (160)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (167)40.An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (172)41.The Subject of Smiling微笑问题 (177)42.A $210,000 W ALLET 价值21万美元的钱包 (185)43.What's Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (189)44.Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (198)45.Happiness Index幸福指数 (203)46.Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (209)47.Oil 石油 (215)48.Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (220)49.Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (226)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (230)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire 退休为时尚早 (236)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (242)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (248)54.Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记 (253)55.Earth's Last Frontier:The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (258)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (264)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (271)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (278)59.The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧 (284)60.Future of Energy能源的未来 (291)1. The Value of Time 时间的价值1."Time" says the proverb"is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time（定语从句）remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1、谚语(proverb)说：“时间就是金钱。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第21-30课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录21.AND ALL THAT JAZZ关乎爵士乐(2016版新增) (2)22 THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES 日耳曼语系（2010版） (6)23 HOW AMERICANS EAT AND DRINK 美国人的饮食（2007版） (10)24 THE DELIGHTS OF SOUTH ISLAND 南岛之乐（2010版） (13)25 HINTS TO IMPROVE SPOKEN ENGLISH 提高英语口语须知（2007版） (17)26 THE MAGIC OF ENERGY 能的魔力（2007版） (21)27. WHEN YOU TRAVEL TO A LARGE CITY旅行在都市（2016版新增） (25)28 THAT "OTHER WOMAN" IN MY LIFE 我生命中的“另一个女人”（2007版） (29)29 GEOGRAPHY OF USA 美国地理概况（2007版） (32)30 THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA (EXCERPT) 老人与海(节选)(2010版) (37)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
21.And All That Jazz关乎爵士乐(2016版新增)1.Have you ever heard the expression（说法、表达）, —and all that Jazz”？When people say that to day, it’s slang which means much the same thing as et cetera （等等）or “and so forth（等等）.” You may use it yourself. Jazz, it seems, has had quite a few（相当多）meanings. Through the history （历史）of jazz, it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people.1.你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”？现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》ltm_第01-10课-课文精讲(纠错版)
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (1)2. Network Security 网络安全 (2013新增)(2013阅读题) (3)3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... . (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013新增) (9)5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (12)6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版新增) (15)7. Our Family Creed 家族的信条（2007版） (18)8. The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (21)9. Oil and Gas Generation油气生成（2016版新增） (24)10.The Dress Code for Office Life办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (27)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）If you are asked to chair(主持，椅子) a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management(管理，regulation).如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
1.Always start the meeting on time(准时，按时). If you begin on time, group members who show up(出席，到场，appear) late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects(反射，映出) skill as an effective(有效的，efficient) time manager and sets a precedent(先例，前例) for others to follow.1.总要准时开会。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第41-50课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录41. HAPPINESS INDEX幸福指数 (2)42 BECOMING WEALTHY: IT'S UP TO YOU 致富取决于你自己 (8)43 OIL 石油 (13)44 JOB SATISFACTION <NEW> (17)45. HOW TO BECOME A SCIENTIST <NEW> (22)46. CULTURAL TABOOS文化禁忌 (27)47 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 在全球环境中进行管理 (31)48. THE CONSCIOUS USE OF THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND <NEW> (36)49. THE BRITISH THROUGH MY EYES <NEW> (42)50 NOT QUITE READY TO RETIRE 退休为时尚早 (45)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
41.Happiness Index幸福指数(index n. 索引；偏意：指数)1. In terms of happiness, your spouse—if you have one—is worth $100,000 a year.1、就幸福而言（in terms of 依据；按照），你的配偶(spouse)——如果你有的话——值10万美元一年（a year）。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (47)
48. Earth's Last Frontier[n.边疆]: The Sea.海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域1. "We've all gone a little crazy about the outer space business," says Vice Admiral[海军中将]C.B. Momsen. "The ocean is the place where we should be putting our efforts in order to provide for future generations.''1、“我们都对那些外太空的事情有些狂热，”海军上将C、B、Momsen说，“为了供养子孙后代，海洋才是我们应该投入努力的地方。
”单词：frontier=（待开发）疆域: generation＝一代2. Seventy-one percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. An observer, looking at the earth from another planet, would be likely to call it Oceanus[n.海洋之神]. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed[削平] flat, the earth would be covered by water more than 12,000 feet deep.2、地球表面的百分之七十一被水覆盖。
一个观测者从另一个行星看地球将可能称其为海洋之神。
如果所有的大陆和山脉被推平，那么地球表面将被一层超过12000英尺深的水所覆盖。
单词：bulldoze＝削平；3. Sea and air are divided by a viscous[a.粘性的] curtain; beneath the curtain is an element weighing 800 times as much as air, utterly[adv.完全地]dark a few fathoms[(fathom):英寻]down, andwith pressures[(pressure):n.压力] that would pulp[n.果肉] a man at 3,000 feet. Yet we know that many animals live in the deeps at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.3、海洋和空气被一种粘性的“帘布”分开，“帘布”之下是一种比空气重800倍的成分，向下几英嚼完全黑暗，在3000英尺深处的压力会把人压成酱。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文08
8 The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术1. The need for effective<有影响力的> public speaking will almost certainly<几乎必定>touch you sometime in your life. When it does, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech i n your life, you still have much to gain from<获益良多>studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable<非常宝贵的>for every type of communication.1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。
当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。
但是，即便你在生活中从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。
你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。
2. There are many similarities<类似的东西>between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of public speaking-to inform<通知>, to persuade, to entertain<使有兴趣>-are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ<使用>a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically<有条理地，有逻辑地>. You tailor<修改，调整> your message to your audience<听众，观众，读者>. You tell a story for maximum impact<影响，效果>. You adapt to<使适应，使习惯> feedback<反馈，反映>from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。
2016年中石油职称英语真题及答案
2016年中石油职称英语考试真题与参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent[参考答案]C[释义]harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward[参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段.[释义]brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有〔值得自豪的东西〕secretive adj.〔思想、情感等〕不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD.discontinue [参考答案]D[出处]MBA联考大纲英语词组.原题：The employee had to break off theconversation in order to wait on his manager. <discontinue>[释义]break off v.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落continue v.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生hurry v.赶快；〔朝某方向〕迅速移动；催促〔某人〕；迅速处理begin v.开始；启动；起始；开始存在〔或进行〕discontinue v.停止；终止；中断；终止〔生产〕4、There is an extensiveglacier system, endless forests, and innumerable lakes throughout this highlandarea.A. expansiveB. broad d. deep D.intense[参考答案]A[出处]2016版《通用选读》第24课The Delights of South Island第3段[释义]extensive adj.广阔的；广大的；大量的；广泛的expansive adj.广阔的；辽阔的；浩瀚的；广泛的broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；…宽〔用于表示距离的量度之后〕deep adj.深陷；全神贯注；专心；深的intense adj.很大的；十分强烈的；严肃紧X的；激烈的5、Scientists aretrying to develop computers that will simulate the human thoughtprocess.A. projectB. reflectC. substituteD. assume [参考答案]B[出处]2015版大纲模拟试题一第13题[释义]simulate v.模仿；假装；冒充；装作project v.计划；规划；投影；投射reflect v.反映；映出〔影像〕；反射〔声、光、热等〕；显示substitute v.取代；〔以…〕代替assume v.假设；假定；认为；假装6、The two drivers wereinjured in the collision.A. fightB. accidentC. criticD.crash[参考答案]D[出处]同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语试题[解释]collision n.抵触；碰撞〔或相撞〕事故fight n.斗争；打架；打斗；搏斗accident n.意外；〔交通〕事故；意外遭遇；不测事件critic n.评论家；反对者；批评者crash n.崩溃；坠毁；撞击；速成7、Visiting in a humidclimate will cause the traveler’s clothing to become saturated withsweat.A. stainedB. heatedC. drenchedD. trapped[参考答案]C[出处]大学六级试题[释义]saturated adj.浸透；湿透；〔溶液〕饱和的；深的stained adj.<被血或污物>染污的；有瑕疵或污点的；<因罪行>败坏名声的；染色的heated adj.愤怒的；激烈的；十分激动的；〔用加热器〕加热了的drenched adj.湿透的；含太多液体的；充满<液体>的trap v.诱捕；设计诱陷；安防臭瓣；发射<泥鸽>8、In the heart of thecontinent of Antarctica it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps.A. topsB. trailsC. apexesD. sites[参考答案]C[出处]2016版《通用选读》第60课Why Antarctica Is Being Explored第8段[释义]summit n.峰会；山顶；顶点；最高点top n.顶；上衣；陀螺；上面trails n.小路；长长地拖垂后头的东西；<流星等的>尾；衣裙apex n.顶点；最高点site n.；站点；现场；位置9、Now some scientistshave revised their way of thinking.A. rejectedB. unclearC. amendedD.distasteful[参考答案]C[出处]新视野大学英语3课文1-6单元sectionB原文[释义]revise v.修订；修正；校阅；再检查reject v.拒绝；驳回；丢弃；不接受unclear adj.不清楚的；不确定的；难以掌握的；不完全明白amend v.改良；订正；改变<行为等>；改过distasteful adj.使人不愉快的；令人反感的；讨厌的10、It has been arguedthat oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance ofscientific principles.A. foolishB. unplannedC.unavoidableD. wise [参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第31课Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences第8段[释义]random adj.随机的foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的；感到荒谬；出丑unplanned adj.未计划〔或筹划〕的；意外的unavoidable adj.无法避免的；难以预防的wise adj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的；明察善断的SectionBDirections: There are some incompletesentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer onthe answer sheet.11、Our overseas branchoffice is ____ to open in Dubai next month.A. advancedB. informedC. maintainedD. scheduled[参考答案]D[出处]托业考试〔TOEIC〕模拟试题[释义]advance v.提前；进步；促进；预付inform v.通知；通告；知会；了解maintain v.维护；保持；坚持；抚养schedule v.安排；预定；为…安排时间12、Dear, do send thechildren to bed. I can't ____ their noise any longer.A. put up withB. put outC. put offD. putaway[参考答案]A[出处]专升本英语考前复习试题[释义]put up with na. 忍住；忍耐putout v.扑灭；熄灭；放出；伸出putoff na. 延期；辩解putaway v.把…收起来；储存13、Sales promotion ____those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, andpublicity.A. is consistedofB. consists ofC. is composed fromD. composes from[参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第52课Sales Promotion第1段[释义]is consisted of 被动语态,由……组成的consists of v.由…构成；由…组成；由…组成14、These fuels____ heatwhen they burn.A. give upB. give offC. give awayD. give in[参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第26课The Magic of Energy第13段[释义]give up na.放弃；断绝；投降；自首give off na.放出；发出；释放；散发出give away na.赠送；分发；放弃；露马脚give in na.让步；屈服；投降；上交15、I believe in thesupreme worth of the individual and in his right __ life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness.A. byB. to c. at D.over[参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第7课Our Family Creed第5段16、Wherever you go inthe world, try to show respect for the values of the country you are in, ____ youdo not necessarily agree with them.A. whateverB. even ifC.as ifD. provided[参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第46课Cultural Taboos第6段[释义]whatever pron.[连接代词]无论；什么都；〈俚〉究竟…什么even if na.即使…也as if 仿佛；好像；俨然；似乎；就跟…一样provided conj.如果；假如；在…条件下17、Mainframe SoftwareCompany ____ its clients complete satisfaction with all its products.A. requestsB. admitsC.agreesD.guarantees[参考答案]D[出处]托业考试〔TOEIC〕试题[释义]这里要选择谓语动词.在空格之后是动词的双宾语its clients和complete satisfaction.选项当中可以接直接宾语和间接宾语的只有guarantee.guarantee+人+物"向某人保证某事〞.<A>request"要求〞和<B>admit"同意〞只能接一个宾语.<C>agree"同意〞.18、Organic chemistry is____ both in the analysis of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis of the plant and animal tissues in sediments.A. involvedB. evolutionC. revolvedD. evolved[参考答案]A[出处]2016版《通用选读》第31课Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences第3段[释义]be involved in na.被包入；被卷入漩涡；参与；涉与；介入19、Managers need tomonitor inflation ____ so they can make good decisions.A. emergencyB. trendC. paceD. schedule[参考答案]B[出处]2016版《通用选读》第47课Managing In a Global Environment第10段[释义]emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况trend n.趋势；动向；趋向；动态pace n.步伐；节奏；步速；〔移动的〕速度schedule n.日程安排；明细表；工作计划20、He failed again inthe driving test. I don’t know why ____ hewas so nervous.A. in the earthB. on the earthC. in earthD. onearth[参考答案]D[出处]2016年中石油职称英语考试模拟试题二[释义]in the earth 在泥土里；在地下；在地里onthe earth 在地球上inearth 在土壤中on earth adv. 究竟,到底,固定搭配,为程度副词.II. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are some incompletesentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and markyour answer on the answer sheet.21、If you don’t agreeto our plan, ____.A. either theywillB.neither will theyC. so don’t theyD.so they won’t neither[参考答案]B[解析]句意：如果你不同意我们的计划,他们也不同意.表示某人也不怎么样,用neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语.所以选B.22、He speaks English,but not ____ his sister does.A. as well likeB. so well asC. like good asD. asgood as[参考答案]B[出处]20##中石油职称英语考试真题[解析]句意：他会说英语,但不好他的姐姐说的好.23、You aresupposed ____ everything ready by now.A. to getB.gettingC. to have gotD. having got[参考答案]C[解析]句意：到目前为止你应该把一切都准备好了.此题考动词搭配.be supposed后要接不定式,即be supposed to do sth. 表示"应该……〞.此句中"by now〞表示动作应已完成,所以不定式要用完成时态,故C为正确答案.24、The committeerecommends that the matter ____ at the next meeting.A. be discussedB. may be discussedC. would bediscussedD. will bediscussed[参考答案]A[解析]recommends 出现,应用虚拟语气,完整的为should be discussed ,should省略了.当主句的谓语动词为suggest,propose, advise, insist, order, demand, require, request, desire等表示"建议〞、"命令〞、"请求〞和"要求〞的动词时,其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气"should+动词原形〞〔在美国英语中should省略〕.25、The University ofMichigan,____ in 1817, is located mAnn Arbor, Michigan.A. which was foundB. which was foundedC. foundingD.that was found[参考答案]B[解析]be founded 成立；被建立；被发现26、Before ____ the envelope, please be sure you haveenclosed all of the documents listed in your orientation packet.A. sealingB. is sealedC. was sealedD.seal[参考答案]A[解析]考察分词结构,当两句相连时,如果两句的主语相同,可以省略一个主语.但是动词如果是主动式则改为现在分词,若动词如果是被动式,则保留过去分词.本题原本应该是「Before you seal the envelope」,但因为连接的两句主词都是you,所以将「before you seal the envelope」改为分词结构的「beforesealing the envelope」.27、To protect thecamera lens, be sure to reattach the lens cover ____ returning the camera to its case.A. whenB.whatC. whetherD. why[参考答案]A28、You __ her in theoffice last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks.A. must haveseenB.can’t have seenC. needn’t haveseenD. might have seen[参考答案]B[解析]考查情态动词的完成式.整句意思：你上周五不可能在她办公室看到她了,她出城已经有两个星期了. must have done过去一定做了,can’t have done过去不可能做了,needn’t have done过去本不必做而做了,might have done过去可能做了.29、As a general rule, snakes ____ unless offended.A. have notbittenB.do not biteC. will not bebitingD.are not biting[参考答案]B[解析]本题指的是通常状态下,所以要用一般现在时.句意：一般情况下蛇不会咬人,除非被冒犯.offended v.冒犯; 得罪; 触怒<offend的过去式和过去分词>; 使反感令人不适.30、I guess Jones didn’thave a chance to win the election. ____ thepeople in the city voted for his opponent.A. Most of allB. Almost all ofC. Most all ofD.Almost the whole of[参考答案]B[出处]2016大纲模拟试题二第26题[解析]句意：我猜想琼斯是不可能在选举中获胜了,几乎所有的市民都投了他的对手的票.此题考查词的搭配.most of all大多数；almost all of the people几乎全部人们；C项搭配不正确；D项的whole一般不指代人.Section BDirections: In questions 31-40 eachsentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choosethe one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make thesentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.31、One of the much discussing questions today has to do withwhether or not theteaching ofA B C reading should start in thekindergarten.D[参考答案]A.改为：much discussed questions32、When a severe ankle injury forced herself to give up reporting in1926,MargaretMitchellA B Cbegan writing her novel Gone with the wind.D[参考答案]C.改为：her33、The bigger of all nine planets in the solar system is Jupiter.A B C D[参考答案]A.改为：biggest34、There are vineyardsin California thatproduct some of the best wine in the world.A B C D [参考答案]B.改为：produce35、Rapidly fallen oil prices caused OPEC ministers to meet and plan a strategy.A B C D[参考答案]B.[出处]2016大纲模拟试题二第37题[解析]改为：B 应改为falling36、It is a phenomenon known as temperature inversion what causes the worst smog in placesA B C such as LosAngles.D[参考答案]B[出处]大纲模拟试题五第32题[解析]改为：B 应改为that.此题考查强调句型.本句为It 引导的强调句型,后面应用that,而不是what.37、New shopping mall is being planned for the residential area where new homes are being builtA B Cat a rapid rate.D[参考答案]A[出处]2016大纲模拟试题五第37题[解析]A 应改为A new shopping.此题考查冠词.单数可数名词前必须有冠词.38、The instructor hadgone over the problems many timesbefore the students will take the final examination.A B CD[参考答案]D[解析]D改为took.主句为过去完成时,故before引导的从句为过去时.39、I don’t know that you can recognize him from here, but the boy reading thenewspaper is Tom.A B C D [参考答案]A[解析]改为whether40、The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until he told us to do.A B C D [参考答案]B[解析]B改为us.III. Close TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The weather often changes what people do and how they do it. It is very important in our everyday live. Meteorologists are scientists who try to predict the weather. 41 do they find out this _42 _?For 43 scientists tried to predict the weather by 44 it. This didn’t work very well. Even if a man stands on a very high mountain, he can only see a small part of the weather. Then, in 1820, a German scientist 45 that scientists could draw a map of the way weather moves. The weather tomorrow is _ 46 _ today. It may move as 47 as 30 miles an hour. It may move 725 miles in 24 hour. _ 48 weather moves, the best way to predict 49 is to use maps. You can see a picture of the weather for large parts of the country on a map. Winter storms of rain and 50 will be 1,000 miles wide. Only on a map can meteorologists see a storm this big. In 1820,it was difficult to make such maps. Why was it difficult? The scientists needed weather reports to make the maps. It was not easy to get weather reports quickly. Today weather reports can be easily and quickly collected from everywhere.41、A. Why B. When C. Where D. How42、A. information B. news C. advice D. experience43、A. ever B. a short while C. a long time D. the first time44、A. listening to B. looking at C. believing in D. depending on45、A. insisted B. expected C. showed D. agreed46、A. far away from B. over there C. near here D. high up47、A. fast B. soon C. far D. slow48、A. If B. Unless C. Because D. Though49、A. it B. this C. that D. one50、A. cloud B. steam C. snow D. water 41.D[解析]上文已经提到气象学家,是研究天气变化的科学家并试图预测天气,那么这句意思,按逻辑关系应该谈与预测方法.42. A[解析]句中的词组find out意为"查出、找到〞,选项中advice意为"建议〞,experience意为"经验、体验〞,information意为"信息〞.43. C[解析]a long time 很长时间；很长一段时间.44. B [解析] believe in意为"信仰……〞,depend on意为"依赖于……〞,look at意为"看……〞45. C[解析]show意为"说明、证明〞,agree意为"同意、赞同〞,insist意为"坚持〞.此句意为：1820年,德国一科学家证明可用天气变化图预测天气.并没有"同意〞"坚持〞的含义.46. A[解析]far away from意为"远离……〞,此句意为"明天的天气状况距离今天很遥远.〞47. A[解析]本句意思为：气象变动速度很快,每小时"快〞达30英里.由下句可知这里指的是速度.48. C[解析]这是一个表示原因的状语从句.承接上下文,因为天气不断移动,所以最好的预测天气的办法是用图来表明.49. A[解析]在表示时间、距离、天气等时,代词应用"it〞.50. C[解析]rain and snow雨雪IV. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the answer sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone <generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust> that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift away from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules bum more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy fuel tanks — a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency — and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of "gasoline clone〞vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than"gasoline clone〞vehicles fueled with methanol they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.51、According to the text, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel becauseA. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.B. gasoline is composed of small molecules.C. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons.D. the combustion of gasoline embraces an intricate set of reactions.[原文出处]2016版通用选读第五课Carbon-based Alternative.题目源自于考研、GRE等.[参考答案]D[解析]本题是一道指代词题型.根据题干中的"incomplete combustion〞可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段的第四句,该句中的指代词"these〞暗示本题的具体答案信息来源应该在第二段的第三句.通过阅读和理解第二段的第三句可推导出本题的正确选项.52、The text suggests which of the following about air pollution?A. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.B. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source of urban air pollution.C. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air pollution levels.D. Attempts to reduce the pollutants that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle emits have been largely unsuccessful.[参考答案]C[解析]本题是一道审题定位题型.通过题干中的"air pollution〞可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第一段,因为第一段首句中含有"noxious pollutants〞,都在谈污染的问题.通过阅读和理解第一段,尤其是第一段尾句即全文的中心主旨句,可推导出本题的正确选项.这是一道比较难的题.考生在解题时一定要具备审题定位能力,还要具备归纳和推导能力.53、Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the text?A. Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual use of water, the town’s water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the total populating of the town.B. Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within the country continues to increase.C. Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.D. Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.[参考答案]A[解析]这是一道类比题型,因为本题题干中含有"parallels〞<与……相当,与……一样>一词.本题题干已将类比的参照对象确定在第一段的首句.通过仔细阅读和理解第一段的首句,可推导出本题的正确选项,因为该选项涉与的增减关系的前提条件和原文一脉相承.考生在破解这种题型时应对原文所表达的内容与关系有明确的认识和把握,不可以无根据地推导.54、It can be inferred that the author of the text most likely regards the criticism ofmethanol as .A. flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based.B. inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics, arguments.C. misguided because of its exclusively technological focus.D. inaccurate because it ignores consumers, concerns.[参考答案]A[解析]这是一道细节推导题型.本题题干中的"the criticism of methanol〞把本题的答案信息来源确定在第四段的第一、二句.通过阅读和理解这两句话,尤其是第二句话,就可推导出本题的正确选项.考生在破解本题时一定要注意第二句话的第一个词"Yet〞在语意上所起的作用.考生在解题时一定要重视启承转合词的出现和功能.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:For many travelers there is nothing like a big city. The big cities of a nation offer things that are usually not found in other places. Outstanding museums, plays, music, and dance groups are examples. Shops that seem to sell everything under the sun, great buildings, famous businesses, and very fine restaurants also are common.For many travelers, therefore, the city is the place to be. Yet, for some, the city has become a place to fear. They see the city as a place with too many people, too much traffic, and yes, too much crime.Here are a few suggestions and safety rules which can help the visitor to have more fun and fewer worries. Keep them in mind the next time you travel to a large city so that you can make the most of your visit.Choose a hotel which has a good reputation. Don’t choose just any place from a list of hotels and prices. Try to talk with someone who has been there.When you get to your hotel, leave any large amounts of cash and anything else of value in the hotel safe. Take them out only as you need them. It is wise not to show a lot of jewelry anyway. If you must keep things of value in your room, at least lock them in a suitcase before you go out.Keep young children with you at all times. Do not let them walk around without you.Do most of your daytime and all of your nighttime sightseeing in the city’s main areas. Go to other areas only when you are sure they are safe. You can walk safely through most big-city streets from around 8 a.m. to early evening. Never go to parks and beaches after dark or very early in the morning. At night, walk on busy, well-lighted main streets. Do not walk alone. Use a taxi when there is any question of safety or distance.Try to take a taxi owned by a major company. Be sure you can see the city number on the outside and the driver’s picture on the inside. If you are not sure of a taxi, ask your hotel doorman or bell captain. In New York City it is advisable to travel only in Yellow Cabs.If you have small children with you, give them, in writing, the name of your hotel,its phone number, and your room number. Tell them, if lost, to tell a policeman or call a telephone operator from a public place of business.Remember that there are lots of people to help you. Policemen and people in hotels, restaurants, stores, and banks can give you directions and information.Millions of people visit cities every year in perfect safety and have a great time.Follow these simple rules and you can too.55、The author states that big cities .A. are usually very safeB. are more fun than small townsC. are too dangerous for most visitors.D. have a lot to offer56、This article states that .A. you should choose a hotel with a good reputationB. children are safe if they have a dime and a phone numberC. a locked suitcase is the best place for money and jewelryD. any area of a big city is safe at night57、We can tell from statements made in this article that __.A. the driver should have his name written on his uniformB. not everything that looks like a taxi is a proper safe taxiC. only yellow taxis are safe to useD. all taxi drivers should have their pictures showing in the front window58、This article is mainly about .A. choosing the right hotelB. the care of money and other things of valueC. safety rules to followD. planning the trip[原文出处]2016版通用选读第27课When You Travel to a Large City[参考答案]DABD55. D [解析]"big cities〞是关键词,短文第一段.56. A [解析]第四段首句.一般来说,如果在文中没有出现带有"绝对〞含义的词汇,如：B. ……are safe if……如果……就是安全的,C. ……the best……最佳……,D. any……任何……,不会是正确答案.57. B [解析]与上一题相同的道理.only只有……、all所有的…….58. D [解析]很明显,A、B只是短文的一部分内容,C、D容易被混淆.从第3段第一句话发现,本文是要提出"suggestions and safety rules〞,不仅仅是safety rules,因此排除C.Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:NegotiationThe increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes thatof an impersonal purveyor of information and cash, an image that succeeds only in undermining the negotiation. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while subv erting the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.59、According to the author, what is the purpose of negotiation?A. To undermine the other negotiator’s positionB. To communicate back and forthC. To reach an agreementD. To understand the culture of the negotiators60、The word "undermining〞in the last sentence of paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .A. making briefB. making weakC. making knowD. making clear61、What does the author mean by the statement in paragraph 1: "Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts〞.A. Because their training is not as good, Americans are less successful as negotiators than their international counterparts.B. Foreign businesspersons do not like to negotiate with Americans, who are not well trained.C. Training is not available for Americans who must interact in international negotiations.D. Foreign businesspersons negotiate less effectively than Americans because of their training.62、The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses .A. knowledge of foreign languagesB. relationships between negotiatorsC. ways to increase cross-cultural understandingD. traits that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding[出处]原文为新概念优美背诵短文50篇：国际商业和跨文化交流[参考答案]CBAC[解析]59. C 第二段首句,关键词：purpose60. B undermine v. 冲蚀；削弱…的基础；用阴险手段毁损.与下一段subvert同。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第51-60课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录51. THOSE FASCINATING NORTHERN LIGHTS 迷人的北极光（2016新版） (2)52 SALES PROMOTION 产品促销 (7)53. OIL REFINING 石油炼制（2016新增） (7)54 ANOTHER HAPPINESS 另一种快乐 (15)55. IT’S NEVER TOO L ATE FOR SUCCESS成功不分早晚（2016新增） (20)56 WHY TO MARK A BOOK 怎样在书上做标记 (25)57 EARTH'S LAST FRONTIER:THE SEA 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (30)58. OUR MANY RESPONSES TO PAIN <NEW> (36)59. FOREST FIRES: A MAJOR DISASTER <NEW> (42)60 WHY ANTARCTICA IS BEING EXPLORED 为什么要勘探南极洲 (48)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
51. Those Fascinating Northern Lights迷人的北极光（2016新增）1. At 10:00 p.m. on March 23，1969, the Bowater Power Water Company in Deer Lake, Newfoundland experienced a disturbance on its system. The frequency converter at Comer Brook tripped off, shutting down half of the big paper mill. There was a radio blackout over most of the Atlantic Provinces. And accompanying these activities was a magnificient display of northern lights — boiling up out of the north and hanging in bundles of long rays like draperies across the sky. Ninety-three million miles away, a rather ugly looking sunspot was making its way across the disc of the sun.1. 1969年3月23曰晚上10点，保华特水电公司（the Bowater Power Water Company)位于纽芬兰（Newfoundland)鹿湖的设备系统出现了异常；科纳布鲁克（ComerBrook)的变频器跳间，使得一半的大造纸厂停产；大西洋沿岸各省的无线电中断。
Managing in a Global Environment
4–4
Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d)
subsidiaries.
Managing in a Global Environment
•Explain how the global legal-political environment affects managers.
•Describe the effect of the global economic environment on managers.
Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
Managing in a Global Environment (cont’d)
•Explain the nine GLOBE dimensions for assessing cultures. •Discuss the challenges of doing business globally in today’s
Understanding the Global Environment (cont’d)
•Describe other regional trade alliance in Latin America. •Tell about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. •Describe other regional trade alliances. •Explain the interdependence that globalization involves. •Describe the formation of the World Trade Organization. •Discuss the role of the WTO.
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47 Managing In a Global Environment在全球环境中进行管理1. Assume for a moment<此刻>that you're a manager going to work for a branch of<分支> a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home, but how? What should you be looking for?1. 此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家全球组织的国外分支机构工作。
你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么程度呢？你应当注意些什么？2. Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section, we'll look at<考察> some of those challenges and offer guidelines<指导> for responding. Although our discussion is presented<展开> through the eyes of a U.S. manager, our analytical framework could be used by any manager who has to manager in a foreign environment, regardless of national origin.2.任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。
在这一节中，我们将考察这些挑战，并对如何做出反应提供一些指导。
虽然我们将以一位美国管理者的视角来展开我们的讨论，但是我们的分析框架能为任何在国外环境中经营的管理者使用，不受国籍之限。
3. The Legal-Political Environment 法律-政治环境4. U.S. managers are accustomed to<习惯于> stable legal and political systems. Changes are slow, and legal and political procedures<程序>are well established<建立>. Elections<选举> are held at regular intervals<间隔>. Even changes in political parties<政党> after an election do not produce radical<根本的> or quick transformations. The stability of laws governing<支配，控制>the actions of individuals and institutions<机构>allows for accurate<准确的> predictions<预测，预言>. The same can't be said for all countries. Managers in a global organization must stay informed of<熟知> the specific laws in countries where they do business.4.美国的管理者习惯于稳定的法律和政治体系。
在这一体系中，变化是缓慢的，法律和政治程序是完善的，选举定期举行，即使总统大选后的政党变化也不会引起快速的、根本的改变。
由于支配个人和机构行为的法律是稳定的，因此就可以进行准确的预测，而其它国家并非都是如此。
在全球组织任职的管理者必须熟知他们经营业务的国家所特有的法律体系。
5. Also, some countries have a history of unstable governments. Managers of businesses in these countries face dramatically<戏剧性地>greater uncertainty as a result of political instability. For instance, political interference is a face of life in some Asian countries.5.一些国家的政府在相当长的历史时间内都是不稳定的。
这些国家的企业管理者由于政治不稳定而面临高度不确定性。
政治干预也是一些亚洲国家现实生活的一个方面。
6. The legal-political environment doesn't have to be unstable or revolutionary<革命的>to be a concern to managers. Just the fact that a country's laws and political system differ from those of the United States is important. Managers must recognize these differences if they hope to understand the constraints<n 约束，强制，局促> under which they operate and the opportunities that exist.6.法律-政治环境并非只有不稳定或具有革命性才会引起管理者的注意。
事实上，一个国家法律或政治体系与美国的差异才是重要的。
管理者如果希望了解他们经营中的约束以及存在的机会，就必须认识这些差异。
7.The Economic Environment 经济环境8. The global manager must be aware of<知道，了解>economic issues when doing business in other countries. One of the first is understanding the type of economic system under which the country operates. The two major types are a market economy and a command economy<计划经济>. A market economy is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector<私营企业>. A command economy is one in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government. In actuality<事实上>, no economy is purely market or command. For instance, the United States and the United Kingdom are two countries at the market end of the spectrum<n范围，光谱，型谱> but they do have minimal governmental control. The economies of Vietnam and North Korea, however, would be more command<控制>-based. Then there's China, a country that's more command based, but is moving to be more market-based. Why would managers need to know about a country's economic system? Because it has the potential<潜在的，有可能的>to constrain<vt约束> decisions and actions. Other economic issues a manager might need to understand include currency exchange rates<汇率>,inflation rates<通货膨胀>, and diverse<不同的> tax<税> policies.8.全球管理者在其它国家开展业务必须了解一些经济因素。
首先，要知道所在国家的经济体制类型。
两种主要的经济体制是：市场经济和计划经济。
在市场经济中，资源主要是由私营企业所掌握和控制。
在计划经济中，经济决策由中央政府决定。
事实上，没有一种经济是纯市场或纯计划的。
例如，英美两国都处在市场经济的一端，但是他们还有少量的政府控制。
又如，越南和朝鲜的经济在更大程度上以控制为基础。
还有中国，这个国家正从偏重以计划为基础向偏重以市场为基础转化。
为什么管理者必须了解一个国家经济体制的情况呢？因为这可能会约束他们的决策和行为。
管理者必须了解的其它经济因素包括汇率、通货膨胀和不同的税收政策。
9. A global firm's profits can vary dramatically depending on the strength<比值？> of its home currency<货币> and the currencies of the countries in which it operates. Any devaluation<n贬值> of a nation's currency significantly affects the level of a company's profits. The strength of a foreign nation's currency can also affect manager's decisions.9.一个全球化公司的利润会受到本国货币及其经营所在国货币的比值的影响而发生剧烈的变化。