教师版倒装(含答案)

倒装（Inversion）

（教师版含答案）

概述: 在英语的句子中，正常的语序是先主语后谓语，当主语和谓语的位置发生调换的时候，就构成了倒装语序。一是出于语法的要求，多见于疑问句，there be句型中和祝愿句中，二是出于修辞的需要，为了强调，为了描写生动，为衔接上下文或是平衡句子，都可能要用到倒装语序。

分类：倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词，情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：

要点：

1. 把握好引导倒装的条件

2. 注意部分倒装时态的转换和某些特殊句型的时态（如no sooner …than, hardly…when）

3. 在需要倒装的复合句中正确地区分发生倒装是在主句还是从句

一.全部倒装

全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时与一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1. there be句型, 其中be动词有时可exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear,remain, happen 等词代替

例：There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.

翻译：教室有一位有经验的老师和很多可爱的学生。

There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.

2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then放在句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run及表运动的动词等，并且句子的主语是名词。

例：Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.

Ahead sat an old man.

注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。

Away they went. (=They went away.)

翻译：我昨天买的鸟飞走了.

Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday.

3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。

例：“What’s up, Tom?” asked Mother.

“The car is mine,” said Tom.

注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。“The car is mine,” he said.

4. 为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，将状语提前。例：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.

5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。

例：Gone are the days when we are enslaved.

Present at the meeting are ten famous writers

Among the children was an old man.

将下列句子变为倒装句：

1.Two lakes lie to the east of the city.

To the east of the city lie two lakes.

2. A boy sat in front of the house.

In front of the house sat a boy.

3. A table was in the corner.

In the corner was a table.

二．部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语前，如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did, 并将其置于主语前。

1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardly…when, in no case, by no means, no sooner…than等。

例：Not a single mistake did he made.

Never have I seen such a performance.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender.

Not only you but also she has been to Beijing.

注意：

1）hardly … when, no sooner… than 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时2）not until 引导从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

3）当not only …but also 连接两个分句时，只在not only 引导的分句倒装，如果连接两个词语则不倒装，但要注意主谓一致。

4）否定词不在句首不倒装。

翻译：1. 任何时候都不允许吸烟。(at no time) At no time is smoking permitted.

2. 直到她在我有困难的时候给我伸出援手我才意识到友谊的重要性。Not until she gave me a hand when I was in trouble did I realize the importance of friendship.

3. 北京不仅是有着悠久历史的中国的首都，而且是一个现代化的城市. Not only is Bejing the capital of China with a long history, but also it is a modern city.

2. only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。

例：Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.

Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.

3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. 注意：如果only 引导从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。

翻译：1）只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。

Only in this way can you learn English well.

2）只有当你建立起自信心你才会获得成功。

Only when you build up confidence will you achieve your success.

3. 用于疑问句。

Shall everything be ready before you arrive? What can I do for you?

注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒.