大一上-英语笔记整理

单词总结Bet1.bet (sth) (on/against sth ) to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result下赌注（于）用…..打赌ed to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen 敢说八成二词语扩展I’ll bet1．（表示理解）有同感当然2．（表示不相信对方的话）e.g: “I’m going to tell her what I think of her.”“Yeah. I’ll bet.”I wouldn’t bet on it/don’t bet on it. 不大可能e.g:”she’ll soon get used to the idea.”“I wouldn’t bet on it!”(很难说)You bet中文解释的确当然e.g:”are you nervous?”“you bet!”(这还有说)You can bet your life/your bottom dollar （on sth/(that)…..）中文解释肯定毫无疑问e.g: you can bet your bottom dollar that he’ll be late.（他肯定会迟到）PeerNoun1. a person who is the same age r who has the same social status as you 身份或地位相同的人同龄人同辈2. (in Britain) a member of the NOBILITY 英国的贵族成员Verb(~+adv/prep) to look closely or carefully at sth ,especially when you can not see it clearly.仔细端详Spectacle1.spectacles 相当于glasses2. a performance or a event that is very impressive and exciting to look at 精彩的表演，壮观的场面3. a sight or a view that is very impressive to look at 壮观的景象4.an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attract a lot of attention. 奇特的景象出人意料之外的情况词语扩展Make a spectacle of yourselfto draw attention of yourself by behaving or dressing in a ridiculous way in public 出洋相出丑SpareAdj1. that is not being used or is not needed at the time 不用的闲置的e.g:”We’ve got a spare bedroom.”2. kept in case you need to replace that one you usually use 备用的外加的3. available to do what you want with rather than work 空闲的空余的4. thin and usually quite tall 瘦高的瘦的Budge (通常由于否定句中)1.to move slightly;to make sth/sb move slightly （使）轻微移动挪动2.to change your opinion on sth, to make sb change their opinion （使）改变观点，改变观点词语扩展Budge upto move so that there is room for other people 让开挪开Hurl1.to throw sth/sb in a particular direction 猛投猛摔2.hurl abuse, accusations insults (at sb) 大声说出（辱骂或斥责等）3.to vomit 呕吐SoundAdj1.sensible that you can rely on and that will probably give good results 明智的合理的正确的可靠的2.good and thorough 透彻的完备的e.g: a sound knowledge3.in good condition, not damaged hurt 完好的健康的无损伤的未受伤的4.（usually before noun）deep and peacefully 香甜的酣畅的5.good and accurate but not the excellent 不错的实实在在的但不是最好的e.g: to have asound night’ sleep6.severe 严厉的重的e.g: to give sb a sound beating.痛打别人一顿Dare (既可以作情态动词也可以作实义动词)1．To be brave enough to do sth (通常不用于进行时中) 敢于胆敢e.g: He didn’t dare (to) say what he thought.2．To persuade sb to do sth dangerous, difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid. 激（某人做某事），问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）谅（某人）没胆量（做某事）e.g: Go on .i dare you! 来呀！我谅你也不敢。

Come on1.（of an actor）登台上场出场2.(of a player) （比赛中）上场3.（用于命令）快加油加吧劲4.改进改善完善e.g:The project is coming on fine.5.(表示某人听说的话不正确)得了吧e.g: Oh come on-----you know that is not true. 咳得了吧你知道那不是真的。

6.（通常用于进行时）（疾病或某种心情）开始e.g: I can feel a cold coming on. 我觉得自己要感冒了。

7.（电视节目等）开始e.g: What time does the news come on?8.开始运作（或运行）e.g: Set the oven to come on at the six.e on/upon sb/sth 偶然遇见偶然发现Tease1.to laugh at sb and make jokes about them either in a friendly way of in order to annoy orembarrass them 取笑戏弄寻开心2.to annoy an animal ,especially by touching it or pulling its tail 招惹逗弄（动物）3.to make sb sexually exited especially when you don’t intend to have sex with them 逗弄（异性）CastVerb1.to look ,smile, etc in a particular direction 向……..投以(视线,笑容等)2.to make a light, a shadow, appear in a particular place 投射（光，影子等）3.使人怀疑4.to throw one end of a Fishing line into a river 头（钓线）抛（钓钩）5.~sb(as sb) to choose actors to play the different parts in a film/movie 分配角色选派角色6.~a/your vote/ballot (for sb/sth )to vote for sb/sth 投票Noun1.(一出剧或电影的)全体演员2.特征，特性3.投抛IssueNoun1.an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about 重要的议题争论的问题2. a problem or worry sb have sth （有关某事）问题担忧3.一期期号4.发行分发e.g: I bought a set of new stamps on the date of issue.Indicate1.表明显示e.g: Research indicates that people’s eating habits are changing fast.2.象征暗示e.g: A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.3.~ sth(to sb) 暗示间接提及示意4.~sb/sth (to sb) to make sb notice especially by pointing or moving your head 指示指出5.to represent information without using words 显示（信息）标示6.to be necessary or recommended 有必要被建议Assure1.~sb (of sth ) to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen ,especiallywhen they have doubts about it 使确信向….保证2.~yourself (of sb) 弄清查明3.to make sth certain to happen 确保使确定4.especially against sb’s death 保险（尤指人寿保险）IdleAdj1.(of people) not working hard 懈怠的懒惰的2.(of people) without work 没有工作的闲散的3.(of machines, factories, etc ) not in use 闲置的DwarfNoun1.（神话故事中有魔法的）小矮人2.（现实生活中的）矮子侏儒Adj(often before noun ) (of a plant or an animal)（植物或动物之前的）矮小的VerbTo make sth seem small or unimportant compared with sb else 使显得矮小使相形见绌StiffAdj1.不弯曲的（或活动的）硬的2.（指肌肉）僵硬的一动就疼的3.困难的艰难的严厉的激烈的Adv(informal ) very much 非常及其Noun死尸VerbTo cheat sb or not pay them what you owe them especially by not leaving any money as a tip 诈骗不给钱（尤指）不给小费Pursue1.to do sth or try to achieve sb over a period of time 追求致力于2.to continue to discuss, find out about or be involved in sth 继续探讨（或追究）从事3.to follow or chase sb/sth especially in order to catch them 追逐跟踪追赶短语总结1.walk home （走路）送人回家2.部分俗语总结Ⅰa plain Jane 无出众的长相ⅡJack of all rounds 三脚猫功夫（什么都会但是什么都不精）Ⅲaverage Joe 平明老百姓Ⅳ Uncle Sam 美国Ⅴ Tohny One Note 五音不全3.have sb back 需要某人回来4.read about/of sth (不用于进行时)读到查阅到5.sign (签)~draft(起草)~ +contract(合约)refine（润色）~6.dwell on/upon1)to think or talk a lot about sth, especially sth it would be better be forget 老师想着唠叨（尤指最好应忘记的事）2)to look at sth for a long time 细看凝视7.on a basis →regular 有规律8.leave a message to 给某人留信息9.had better do sth 最好去做某事（注意不加to）10.suggest doing sth 建议去做某事11.pay sb back (sth ) （向某人）还钱pay sb off 1)付清工资后解雇遣散2)用钱封某人的口买通某人pay sth off 付清偿清pay sb back (for sth) 报复惩罚12.make for1. to move towards sth 向……移动2. to help to make sth possible 促成make off to hurry away, especially in order to escape 匆忙离开（尤指）仓皇逃跑make out1 （询问是否处理得当）应付度过e.g: How did he make out while his wife is away?”2 区别3 write out or complete 填写完成make up 1 化妆上妆2 resolve 解决问题或困难3 to put sth together from several different things 拼装组成make for compensate 补偿弥补13.grind sth out to produce sth in large quantities often sth that is not good or interesting 大量生产（尤指粗制滥造）14.on one occasion →once15.on occasion 偶然偶尔16.raise to occasion 处理问题很自如17.long for sb/sth (尤指对看似不会很快发生的事)渴望18.ill at ease 不安不自在19.men of letter 有学问的人20.be mania for sth/ for doing sth （通常指许多人共有的）强烈的欲望狂热极大的热情21.at the wheel 在车上the third wheel “电灯泡”wheel and deal 协商faithful to the truth真实的22.be alien to 背道而驰23.do one’s bit to do/ for 尽本分做某事24.at one’s presence 当着某人的面25.at sb’s wits end 没办法没招了26.at the peak of 在….的高峰27.be obsess with 着迷28.roar towards 轰隆隆地29.to the extent 达到……的程度30.at the rate of 以……的速度31.move upon 进逼32.major city 意为大城市33.se-----sensitive 敏感的sensible 明智的sensual 感官的sensuous 愉悦感官的sentimental 情感的(而非理性的)词义辨析Tournament and MatchTournament 指的事一系列的比赛而match 指的事一场比赛At the completion and After completing前者指的是短时间的short time 而后者指的时间长度可长可短Historic and historical前者指的是在历史上值得纪念的事情notable or memorable in history 后者指的是属于历史的belong to historyPeer at and Peep at and Peek atPeer at 指的是看不清而凑近了仔细看peep at 指的是（尤指通过小孔）窥视偷看peek at 是指to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it 窥视偷看Punch and Pound前者指的是敲击的很用力forcefully 后者更强调反复击打连续砰砰地敲击英文解释是to hit sth/sb hard many times especially in a way that makes a lot of noiseSlap and Smack前者着重打脸后者着重打屁股Change and Transform and AlterChange 指的事方方面面的改变Transform 指的是性格，功能上的改变Alter 指的是(使)改变Receive and Accept and ObtainReceive 指的是被动的收到Accept 指的是主动地接受Obtain 指的是努力之后得到Separate and Isolated and Individual and SolitarySeparate指的是主动地分开Isolated（指建筑物或地方）偏远的Individual指的是分开的一种状态Solitary（带有感情色彩的）孤僻On average and on an average前者指的是一般来讲后者指平均的Oppose and Deny and OffendOppose指反对Deny指否认Offend指冒犯Collect and Gather and Accumulate and AssembleCollect指的是收集同一类的东西Gather指的是范围最为广泛的收集Accumulate指的是长时间的积累Assemble指的是把分散的东西集合在一起Originate and Initiate and Inaugurate and StartOriginate指的是起源和发展还有创立和发明的意思其英文解释是to create sth newInitiate有开始发明创立的意思其英文解释是to make sth newInaugurate的意思是引进开创开始其英文解释是to introduce a new development or an important changeStart的意思也有开始着手动手其英文解释是to begin doing or using sth与笑有光的几个单词辨析Giggle verb ~（at/about sb/sth ）to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed ornervous （因感到有趣，窘迫或紧张而）咯咯地笑傻笑Titler verb to laugh quietly, especially in a nervous or embarrassed way (尤指紧张或尴尬)傻笑，嗤嗤的笑窃笑Beam verb ~(sth) (at sb) to have a big happy smile on your face 笑容满面眉开眼笑Grin verb ~(at sb) to smile widely 露齿的笑咧着嘴笑Chuckle verb ~(at/about sth ) to laugh quietly 低声轻笑轻声的笑Snicker noun/verb a quiet unpleasant laugh, especially at sth rude or at sb’s problems or mistakes 窃笑暗笑Snigger同snickerSneer verb ~（at sb/sth）to show that you have no respect for sb by the expression on your face or by the way you speak 嘲笑讥讽嗤笑To and Through and AlongTo 意为“向，往，给”仅在表示钟点的时候在其后接表示时间的短语Through 意为“通过，经由”一般用于表示方式Along意为“顺着沿着”后面一般接道路等词语Barely and Really and EverBarely意为“仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能”一般表示否定的意思Really意为“真正的，实际上”一般用来表示强调Ever意为“曾经，永远，究竟”一般用于表示时间或强调Growth and Raise and Addition and ExtensionGrowth可以指人口的增长Raise意为“上升，饲养，筹集”主要指位置的提高Addition意为“增加，加法”常用于短语in addition to 意为“之外，而且”Extension意为“延长，扩充”主要指范围的扩大Load and RestraintLoad意为“负担，重担”Restraint意为“抑制，克制”Wealth and TreasureWealth指“财富”一般用来表示钱财或其他物质上的财产Treasure专门用来表示宝藏，财宝也可以表示珍爱的人和事物Common and Conventional and Ordinary and FrequentCommon意为“普遍的常见的”Conventional意为“惯例的常规的”Ordinary意为“平常的，普通的，平凡的”Frequent意为“时常发生的，频率的”表示频率的高低Major and Essential and PriorMajor“主要的，重要的”Essential意为“本质的，实质的，基本的”Prior意为“优先的，在前的”prior to 在…….之前Conveyed and Entered and Exhausted and ConsumedConveyed意为传达，运输Entered意为进入，登记Exhausted意为耗尽，用尽Consumed意为消费，消耗Rescue and Forbid and OffendRescue意为营救，救援一般接人作宾语Forbid意为禁止，阻止常用于forbid sb to do sth 这一结构中Offend 意为“冒犯，触犯”常用人作宾语Disturbed and Depressed and Amused and AmazedDisturbed意为扰乱的，受到干扰的Depressed意为忧郁的Amused意为愉悦的，被逗乐的，一般表示对某种有趣的可笑的事情做出反应Amazed意为“惊奇的，惊讶的”Contain and Retain and Attain and MaintainContain意为包含，含有Retain意为保持，保留Attain意为实现，获得Maintain意为维持，保持Interfere and Reckon and RestInterfere 意为干涉，干扰Reckon意为估计后面常接to be 结构Rest 意为休息，依赖后面常接介词on 意为依靠，依赖Impact and Outcome and Function and CommitmentImpact常用于短语make a big impact on “对……产生巨大的影响”Outcome意为结果，结局Function意为功能，用途Commitment承诺新闻中的常见词语id＝assist（帮助，援助）alter＝change or modify（改变）ask＝inquire（询问）assail＝denounce（谴责）axe＝dismiss\\\\reduce（解雇，减少）balk＝impede（阻碍）ban＝prohibit or forbid（禁止）bar＝prevent（防止，阻止）bare＝expose or reveal（暴露，揭露）blast＝explode（爆炸）begin＝commence（开始）bid＝attempt（努力）bilk＝cheat（欺骗）bolt＝desert or abandon（放弃）boost＝increase（增加，提高）check＝examine（检查）claim＝ause the death of．．．（夺去……的生命）clash＝disagree strong1y（发生分歧，争议）curb＝control or restrict（控制）dip＝decline or decrease（下降）ease＝lessen（减轻，缓和）end＝terminate（结束，中止）flay＝criticize（批评）flout＝insult（侮辱）foil＝prevent from（阻止，防止）grill ＝investigate（调查）gut＝destroy（摧毁）head＝direct（率领）hold＝arrest（逮捕）laud＝praise（赞扬）lop＝diminish（下降，减少）map＝work out（制订）mark＝celebrate（庆祝）name＝appoint\\\\nominate（命名，提名）moot＝discuss（讨论）mull＝consider（考虑）nab＝arrest（逮捕）nip＝defeat（击败）ease＝lessen（减轻，缓和）end＝terminate（结束，中止）flay＝criticize（批评）flout＝insult（侮辱）foil＝prevent from（阻止，防止）grill ＝investigate（调查）gut＝destroy（摧毁）head＝direct（率领）hold＝arrest（逮捕）laud＝praise（赞扬）lop＝diminish（下降，减少）map＝work out（制订）mark＝celebrate（庆祝）name＝appoint\\\\nominate（命名，提名）moot＝discuss（讨论）mull＝consider（考虑）nab＝arrest（逮捕）nip＝defeat（击败）slay＝murder（谋杀）soar＝skyrocket（急剧上升）spur＝encourage（激励，鞭策）s（交流，交换）sway＝influence（影响）trim＝reduce（削减）vie＝compete（竞争）vow＝determine（决心，发誓）weigh＝consider（考虑）woo＝seek to win（争取，追求1.schedule 时间表2.skip 跳，略过3.make sense 讲得通，有意义4.fall shorts of one's expectation 出呼某人的意料5.cater to 迎合，款待6.supervisor 监督者，管理者7.speak highly of 评价高8.a million things to do 许多事情要做9.discount 折扣10.coundn't have played worse/couldn't agree more玩得不能再差一点了/不能再多同意一点了11.I understand the way you feel 我了解你的感受12.go in one ear and out the other 一个耳朵听另一个耳朵冒出来13.distractions 分心14.I wish I could help 但愿我能帮助15.submit 屈从，忍受16.staff/stuff n.全体职员vt.为...配备人员/材料17.register 登记，注册18.deadline 最后期限19.benefit 受益20.Are you kidding 你在开玩笑吗21.credit 信用，信誉22.otherwise 否则23.budget your money 预算开支24.put in(a lot hours) 花费，支出25.it's up to you 取决于你，由你决定26.deserve(honor) 应受，应得，值得27.maintenance man 维修工28.stack of papers 很多文件29.out of the way(remote)30.do with/do without新闻中常出现的经济类英语词汇（很实用）出租车起步价flag down fare法定准备金率required reserve ratio实体经济real economy 虚拟经济fictitious economy反盗版anti-piracy 知识产权intellectual property rights出口退税tax rebates 人民币升值the yuan’s appreciation信贷紧缩credit crunch 次贷危机subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率prime rate 翻盖手机flip/clamshell 滑盖手机slide phone 直板手机bar phone经济适用房economically affordable house安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents住房保障制度housing security system大宗交易系统block trading system 竞价交易系统bid trading system暴利税windfall tax整容手术cosmetic surgery (face –lifting)双眼皮手术double eyelid operation 鼻子手术nose job从紧的货币政策tight monetary policy宽松的货币政策easy monetary policy审慎的财政政策prudent fiscal policy油价飙升oil prices surge原油价飙升crude oil prices surge石油输出国组织organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)原油储备crude oil stockpiles轻质原油light sweet crude使人均GDP翻两番to quadruple per capita GDP股权收购、股权投资stake purchase ;take stakes世界巡演worldwide tour 复出巡演comeback tour个体工商户self—employed people房屋中介letting agent 保险经纪人insurance agent 地产经纪人estate agent直销direct selling 传销pyramid selling漫游费roaming fee 单向收费one -way charge 来电免费业务free incoming calls吃回扣to take/receive/get kickback洗钱money laundering透支n. overdraft股市牛年bullish year上市子公司listed subsidiary海关税收customs revenue税收减免tax break二流货的cut—rate高端产品high end product货币升值revaluation跳槽job—popping大片blockbuster货币经纪人money broker起征点cutoff point暴发户；新贵upstart养老保险endowment insurance解雇金severance pay勾销债款write off高峰期peak season职员总数headcount买入股票buy into出境游outbound travel逃税tax evasion公开募款initial public offering新闻专线newswire衰退downturn由。