THE Attributive Clasue
定语从句the Attributive Clauses
定语从句the Attributive Clauses考点1.关系代词、关系副词的选择2. 介词+关系代词3.限制性定语从句+非限制性定语从句一定语从句的定义定语从句的定义: 在复合句中, 修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。
二如何选择正确的关系词1）关系词和关系副词2）考点一关系代词和关系副词的正确选择。
why/which(that)1.This is the reason_________ I was late.2.The reason ___________ he gave me was not true.where/which(that)3.This is the school ______ I used to teach.4.This is the museum __________ I visited last year.when/which5. I still remember the day ______ I first came to the school.6. I still remember the day ________ I first spent with my family at the seaside.小结1.找准从句（谓语+空格)2.分析从句结构：缺________/________/_______/__________, 选择关系________缺__________，选择关系___________/_________+____________3.根据_____________选择最佳的关系代词或关系副词巩固训练A. whyB. whenC. thatD. what1. I will never forget the days ______ we worked with the farmers.2 We should go to the place_____ needs us most.3 I know the reason _____ he was sad.注意事项1只用that 不用which情况（前提是从句中缺主宾表，且先行词是物）1）Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?4) This is the best/first film ______ I have ever seen5) He spoke of the persons and things_______ he had seen abroad.小结●先行词是something, anything, all, nothing等不定代词或先行词被every、any、some等修饰时。
The Attributive Clause
比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. (时间状语 on the days) b. We believe the reason that he told us?
比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.
注：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，在口语中常可以省略。
e.g.: The meat (that/which) you bought yesterday has gone bad.
(一)关系代词 关系代词所替代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词在句子中充当主语、 宾语、定语等成份。关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要 和先行词保持一致。 1.先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, 在从句中作主语或 宾语。 2.先行词是指物的名词或代词时，关系代词代词用that, which, 在主 语中作主语、宾语。 3.whose 是作定语的引导词（唯一的），可以指人或物，指物时可 用of which互换。
my mother and I used to sit in the
D. where you源自3. When you read the book you’d better make a mark in the place have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where 4. That’s the reason I wrote to him. D. that D. where
2. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom D
语法知识---定语从句(The Attributive Clause)
语法知识---定语从句(The Attributive Clause)1 .But the one million people of the city, who thought of little these events, were asleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing , which is more than two hundred kilometers away.3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Can you figure out the similar laws/rules of these sentences structure?Can you find the similar sentences in para4?1. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.2. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.The team who were wearing green won the game finally. （划分句子成分）一.定语从句及相关概念1、定语从句（The Attributive Clause)：在句中作定语，修饰某一名词或代词(甚至整个主句)的从句。
2、先行词（Antecedent)：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。
The Attributive Clause
The Attributive Clause位置: 置于被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)的后面.两个概念：a ntecedent（先行词）--- 被修饰的名词或代词relative （关系词）--- 起连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中担任成分的三重作用。
解题的三个关键步骤: 1. 找出准确的先行词. 2. 分析清楚先行词在从句中所充当的成分.3. 选用适当的关系词. (注意: 关系代词在人称和数上与先行词一致.)1)The girl _who_ serves the dishes in this restaurant has been seriously ill.2)Here is the coat _which/that_ will be made to you.3)The manager _whom/who_you want to see is coming.4)The question _ which/that _ he asked me yesterday is hard to answer.5)Is that the newspaper _ which/that _ you often write articles for?6)Who is the comrade with _whom_you just shook hands?7) The babies _whom/who_ the nurses are looking after are healthy.8) The building _whose_top is flat is our school library.9) This small mountain village _where_ we spent our holiday last month lies at the side of the river.10) Gone forever the days _when_we were oppressed.11) We don’t know the reason _why_he didn’t come to the party.12) The factory _that/which_was built in 1978 has closed.13) Let’s discuss only such questions _as_we have to deal with at present.14) The work is making so much progress _ as _ can be expected.15) The decision was postponed, _ which _was exactly what he wanted.16) _As_we expected, the result of the experiment was very good.一．关系词在使用上要注意的情况:1.先行词是人的时候: who, whom, or that1)Those who （那些…的人）want to see the film meet at 8 o’clock at the school gate.2)She is no longer the girl that she used to be.3)Who is the man that left the office just now?4)The man with whom the headmaster is talking is our new head teacher.5)This is Mr. Brown, who I think has something interesting to tell you.6)They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.2.先行词是物的时候: which or that1)Little that remained to be done is very difficult.2)He must hold back something which/that we should know.3)The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.4)This is the best book that I have ever read.5)She has read all the books that you gave her.6)This is the very thing that I want to tell you.7)Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?8)Qingyuan is not the city that it used to be.9)The book, which he bought in our shop yesterday, was written by Dickens.10)The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now the Lu Xun Museum.3. which or whose1)Do you know that boy whose father is a doctor?2)I referred to the house whose widow faces the lake.= I referred to the house the window of which faces the lake.3) Can you pass me the book, in whose cover there is a picture of the Great Wall?4. which/that or where/when/why1)I’ll never forget the day when they met for the first time last summer.... (which/that) we spent together last summer.2)This is the factory where we stayed last month.... (which/that we visited last month.3)There is a tall tree outside, where stands our teacher.4)The reason (that/which) he told me why he was late for the meeting is unbelievable.5)I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.6)The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.注1：当先行词是表示时间，地点或原因的名词时, 要分析其在从句中所充当的成分, 如果作主语或宾语, 就用that/which; 如果作状语, 就用when, where, why。
全国初中英语优质课一等奖精品课件--The Attributive Clause
2.They live in a house , which belongs to Tom.
非限制性定语从句
特点:定语从句常位于先行词（名词或
代e is visited each year by a million tourists who
Netherlands,Norway,andSweden. 4.The hurricanes can destroy houses,but leave the furniture Inside exactly where it was.
√5.By the late 1890s,he had moved to Calveston,where he
when 指代时间，作从句的时间状语
where 指代具体或抽象的地点， 作从句的地点状语
why 指代原因，作从句的原因状语， 先行词是reason
做题思路： 1】分清主句和从句 2】看先行词是人，还是物 3】分析从句中缺少什么成分
Exercise:
Ⅰ用合适的关系词填空
1.I have seen the film ＿w＿hic＿h/t＿ha＿t ＿ is based on the Wenchuan Earthquke. 2.I like the car ＿wh＿ose color is blue. 3.There was a time ＿wh＿en I was addicted to the computer game. 4.Often,the reason w＿h＿y people are unhappy is that they do not have Enough love. 5.I met someone w＿ho＿/that said he knew you. 6.Is that the teacher whom＿/＿who/that you referred to? 7.Yuncheng is a place w＿h＿ereyou will find many interesting places. 8.The dam wh＿ich＿/thatwe saw in the film wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam.
定语从句Grammar The Attributive Clause
GrammarThe Attributive ClauseIdiom today God helps those who help themselves.StepⅠ. Revision1.What is the Attributive Clause?在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2·被定语从句限定的词是______, 引导定语从句的词叫做________ 。
3.关系词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。
4．关系代词包括___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___，使用口诀是：_____ ，_____ ；_____ ，_____。
关系副词包括___ ___ ___。
Exercise把下列简单句合并成定语从句1.The boy is my brother.He wears a red coat.2.I have a cat. The cat is called Kitty.3.The subject is English. I like it very much.4.Nobody wants the house. Its roof is broken.Don’t forget the things that once you owned（拥有）. Treasure（珍惜）the things that you can’t get. Don‘t give up the things that belong to you(属于) and keep those lost things in memory.Please underline the attributive clauses and translate them._____________________________________________________________________ _关系代词that 和which 在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that ?A.All______can be done has been done.先行词(指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定代词修饰.B.Do you know the persons and the things I learned?先行词兼有指人和指物的名词C.This is the very book he is looking for.先行词(指物)被the very /only/ next/ last 等修饰D. This is the best TV is made in China.先行词(指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰E. Who you have ever seen can do it better ?当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句F.He is no longer the naughty boy he was inthe past. 先行词在句中作表语有哪些情况关系代词不用that ，而用which ?(1)关系代词置于介词之后，指物，作宾语The factory in ____ I once worked broke down(破产)last week.(2)先行词是整句话The boy didn’t come, made her angry.(3)非限制性定语从句，先行词是物Beijing, is the capital of China,is beautiful.１．(09山东卷）Whenever I met her ,___was fairly often,she greetedme with a sweet smile.A . WhoB . WhichC . WhenD . That ２．(09年全国卷2）My friend showed me around the town,___ wasvery kind of her.A . WhichB . ThatC . WhereD . It3 ．My uncle has come back from abroad,______ I haven’t met for along time.A . whomB . whichC . thatD . whose1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom，其中who 既可作主语也可作宾语而whom只能作宾语。
the attributive clause
考点3 介词+关系代词 Tom was the boy ____ I just talked. A whom B that C to whom D × I need a knife _____ I can cut a cake. A which B that C× D with which
定语从句
先行词
关系词
定语从句： 在复句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句
先行词
定语从句
This is the best film that that I have seen.
关系词 … 名/代 +关系词 + 定语从句 …
关系词的作用
关系词
This is the best film that I have seen.
A. which B that
C this
D. it
2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A. on which B that C which D. this
3.(2010 全国Ⅱ，16）I refuse to accept the blame for something____ was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 4.(2011 北京，26）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others , ______, of course, made all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that
The Attributive Clause--定语从句
The Attributive Clause定语从句一. 定语从句: 用于修饰名词的从句叫定语从句。
二. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。
三. 关系词：引导定语从句的引导词叫关系词。
(关系词用来指代先行词并在定语从句中作成份)关系词分为：关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why，（that）四. 关系词在定语从句中的句法作用：关系代词：做主语，宾语，表语。
关系副词：做状语。
五.定语从句用法:例：1. The boy who/that broke the window is called Tom. (who=the boy) The girl (that / who)we saw yesterday is Mary. (that / who= the girl) The man (that/ who/whom)you spoke to was a scientist.→The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.The old man whom I am looking after is better. (look after为固定短语，不提前)2. A plane is a machine that can fly. (that=the machine)Is this the watch (that/which)you are looking for? (look for为固定短语，不提前)3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. (whose= the boy’s)The boy whose handwriting is the best in his class is Peter.→The boy the handwriting of whom is the best in his class is Peter. →The boy of whom the handwriting is the best in his class is Peter.The house whose window is broken is mine. (whose=the house’s)The house the window of which is broken is mine.The house of which the window is broken is mine.**Our class has 45 students, most of whom are boys.**The Chinese teams won 20 gold medals, 12 of which were won by women.(12 of which=12 of the 20 gold medals)**The man has two sons, both of whom are college students.(both of whom=both of the two sons)4. The school where I study is far from my home.(where =in the school) This is the house where I lived last year.Where=in the house; where =in whichThe city (that/which)she lives in is far away.5. I still remember the day when I came here.when =on the day; when=on which6. There are many reasons why people like traveling.why =for the reasons; why=for which7. I don’t like the way (that) you speak.that =in the way; that =in which8. This is the same pen as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
the attributive clause 定语从句归纳总结
the attributive clause 定语从句一．定义：在复合句中修饰，限定某一n. pron或相当于n的词组或句子的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句也叫形容词性从句。
二．模式：先行词+引导词+从句1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象叫先行词，先行词通常是名词词组，但也可以是整个句子或句中述及的某一事件。
2.引导词即关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
3.关系词：关系代词：who whom whose that which as关系副词：when where why4.关系词通常有下列三个作用：1）引导定语从句2）代替先行词3）在定语从句中担当一个成分，关系代词在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。
关系副词在从句中作状语。
三．定语从句的分类1.限定性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰，限制，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉这个从句，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
在形式上，关系词与先行词之间无逗号。
2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词不是进行修饰，限制而是对先行词进行补充和进一步说明，若去掉，主句仍能表达完整意思。
在形式上，先行词与关系词之间有一逗号。
常译成主句的并列句。
Eg: 1) The students who went to see the film were very disappointed.2) The students, who went to see the film, were very disappointed.四．定语从句的用法1）who引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作主语或宾语。
Eg. Is there any other reader who wants to renew his book?His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818.2) whom引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中常可省略，在口语或非正式语中也可用who代替。
The Attributive Clause
relative pronouns
relative adverbs
eg.This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
antecedent
eg.This is the house where I lived.
先行词 关系副词 定语从句
The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him. The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.
This is the boy. I sit behind him.
This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.
Summary
先行词 主 语 人 Who/that 物
Which /that Which/that
Whose/of which
宾 语 Whom/who /that 所有格 whose 注 释
A relative pronoun can be omitted(省略) when it is used as the object in attributive clause.
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
三垛高中
高华
The Attributive Clause
1.定义：Attributive clause is a clause to modify a noun or pron in a complex sentence. 2.关键词：先行词， 关系代词，关系副词
antecedent
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
定语从句(attributive clause)
（2）.在there be 结构中，并且先行词 是人;
who asks for There is a young man _____ your help.
7. whom指人，是宾格，作宾语 （介宾短语） (1). The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. =The person who/whom/that you just talked to is Mr Li. (2). Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. =Mrs Read is the person who/whom/that you should write to.
8.whose是who的所有格，用作名 词的限定语，先行词可以是人也可 以是物。 (1). This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (2). Would you please pass me the book whose cover is blue?
定语从句 (The Attributive Clause)
高一
Review： 定义： 在复合句中，修饰名词
或代词的从句叫做定语 从句。(P90)
1.分类
（1）限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）。 译为定语“......的” （2）非限制性定语从句： 作定语，修饰先行词（名词/代词）或前面 整个句子。 主句和从句中有逗号。
（3）.有人、物同时作先行词时；
eg: The old woman scolded (骂) her that grand-daughter and her dog ____ broke her glasses.
定语从句the attributive clause
定语从句the attributive clause定从的概念：又叫形容词性从句，即一个句子修饰一个名词。
包括：限制性定从、非限制性定从。
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。
高中英语人教必修2 The Attributive Clause“prep.+关系代词”
介词选择 “三根据”
先行词
prep. + 关系代词
从句谓语动词 句意
Though there are rules for us to follow, no rules cover all situations!
Prep+关系代词
• The age at which teens get cellphones is between 12 and 13, according to a report. • 根据主句中的先行词的搭配来选择介词。 • Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. • 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配判定介词。
Autonomous Learning
Go through the material and try to find what you can learn from it and what your questions are. You have 15 minutes to finish it
Discussion and Communication
Prep.+关系代词
It is a small thing, with which I write on the blackboard.
It’s a book, in which you record what happens in your life day by day.
It is something most of you are wearing, without which you cannot see clearly.
Welcome to Olivia’s Class!
The Attributive Clause
考点四：介词+关系词
1.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person
to whom she could turn for help ____________________________.(她能向他求助的 人)（turn）
2.The house, for which she didn’t pay one cent now ___________________________, belongs to her. 她一分钱未付 (pay)
5.His glasses,without which he was like a blind man _______________________________, fell to the ground and broke. (没有了眼镜他就想个 盲人) 6.He is a young but experienced teacher, from whom we can learn a lot ______________________________(从他那儿我 们可以学到很多东西). =Herman is a young but experienced teacher, whom we can learn a lot from. ______________________________.
The Attributive Clause
( Revision)
定语从句中常见的表达错误： 1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who 2. Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him. ( where which) 4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used. ( which that) 5. The house where we live in is not very large. ( where which/that) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in the earthquake.
定语从句 the attributive clause
定语从句the attributive clause句子成分：主谓宾定状步表定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Eg, I like my school which is very beautiful.原因：当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先行词+ 定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词＋其他成分）关系词引导定语从句, 起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.注意：The woman is my mother.She is speaking at the meeting.The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。
限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。
This is the house which we bought last month.（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。
非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。
The house, which we bought last month,is very nice.在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句开。
人教版高中英语语法-The-Attributive-Clause-
school?
14
Practice: Join the two sentences together. 1. Kunming is a beautiful city. Flowers are seen all the
year Krouunnmdi.ng is a beautiful city where flowers are seen all the 2. I wyiellanr ervoeurnfdo.rget the day. I went to meet you at
（that/which） he
bought her.
This is the book that was given to me.
She complained to the man whose dog had bitten her.
I want to speak to the man whose car was
tJhoehntogwrenw. up.
Lincoln had very little free time when he could
5.sLtuindcyo.ln had very little free time. He could study
then.
Yesterday we went to visit the house where the
barely touched but the other car was badly damaged.
The car in which my brother was sitting was barely
touched but the other car was badly damaged.
高一英语the-attributive-clause课件9
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The Attributive ClauseI.Self Diagnosis:用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
1）Is he the man ________ wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？Key____/______在从句中作____语He is the man__________ I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
Key:____/_____/____ 在从句中作____语解题思路_____________这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作_____语和_____。
2) They rushed over to help the man ______ car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Key: （_______在从句中作定语）Please pass me the book ________________cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
Key : (______/ _________在从句中作定语)解题思路________ 用来指人或物的所有格，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which 互换）。
3)A prosperity__________ had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
Key:（_______/ ________在从句中作_____语）A plane is a machine ____ can fly. 飞机是可以飞行的机器。
Key: (__________/_________在从句中作_______语)解题思路______, ________所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作___语、____语等。
关系代词:that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。
which,指物，作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。
Whose 指人或物，作定语。
关系副词: when, where, why1）There are some occasions___________ one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Key: ______ （____ which）解题思路：________________________2) Beijing is the place _______I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Key: __________解题思路：___________________________3) Is this the reason why __________ he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？Key: __________解题思路:______________________________判断改错：1．（____）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.Key:___________________________________________________________________________ 2．（____）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.Key: __________________________________________________________________________. 解题思路：方法一，用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用_________；而不及物动词则要求用__________。
3．. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one4．. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the onekey：例1 ____，例2_______解题思路：例1变为肯定句：___________________在句1中，所缺部分为_____，而where, that, on which都不能起到该语法作用，只有the one 既做了主句的______语，又可做从句的______语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选_____。
例2变为肯定句：___________________________句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表_______，既可用副词_______，又因in the museum词组，可用介词____ + ______ 引导地点状语。
而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选______。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
1.翻译：他又迟到了，这使老师很生气。
Key: He was late again, _______________________.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
_________ we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.Key: As解题思路：由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代________，相当于and this或and that。
As一般放在_______，which在______。
2．Yesterday he left America, _______ he had stayed for two years.D. at which1．Is there anything ______ I can do for you?(我能给你做点什么吗？)解题思路：当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等__________代词时，只能使用“that”。
2. Tom told her mother all ______ had happened.(汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
)解题思路：当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。
3. This is the most wonderful time ____ I have ever had. (这是我度过的最美好的时光。
)解题思路：当先行词是形容词________或被形容词_______修饰时，只能使用“that”。
4. He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
解题思路：当先行词是________修饰时，只能使用“that”。
5. This will be the last chance ____ he can get.(这将会是他得到的唯一机会。
)He is the only person_____ can help you out.(他是唯一能帮你的人。
)解题思路：先行词被_______，the very，the same，_______修饰时，只能使用“that”。
6. They talked of things and persons _______ they remembered in the school.(他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
)解题思路：先行词里同时含有_______时，只能使用“that”。
7. Which is the book______ he bought from the library yesterday?(哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？)解题思路：当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“thatSummary：a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用thatd）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。
f) 主句是以wh-/how开头的特殊疑问句时II．Practice1. Filling the blanks1．The package ________you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.2．The car ____ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3．The students ____ don’t study hard will not pass the exam.4．The woman ____ you saw in the park is our English teacher.5. I still remember the day _____we spent in the forest.6. I still remember the day _____ I first came to Beijing.7. The factory _________ we will visit is large.8. The factory ___________ his father works is large.9.Have you found the book ____ I paid 29 US dollars?10. Have you found the book ____ I spent 29 US dollars?11. He has three children, two _____ work as teachers.12. I’m painting a house, the roof ____ is round.13．Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.14．The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. 15．It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..16．The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _______ were in the fields. 17．The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in front of our school gate. 18．This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.19．This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.20．There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten me.21．Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree?22．My hometown is not the same one _______ it used to be twenty years ago.III.Practice after class.1. Is this the laboratory _____ the students visited yesterday.A. thatB. the oneC. whereD. in which2. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which4. He made another wonderful discovery, ____of great importance to scienceA. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think which is5. I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what6. Is this the factory ____ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one7. The wolves hid themselves in the places ____couldn’t b e found.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that8. Have you seen the boy___?A. that I toldB. I told you ofC. whom I told youD. I told you of him9. China has thousands of islands, ___ Hainan Island is the largest.A. of themB. among whichC. one of whichD. among them10. Is this the plane ____ he came to New York?A. whichB. by whichC. thatD. in which11. She likes to use words ____ is clear to him.A. of which the meaningB. of which meaningC. whose of meaningD. meaning of which12. Who __ knows him would trust him?A. whomB. thatC. whichD. who13. She is not the only one of the girls ___ well in class.A. which singsB. who singC. that singsD. who to sing14. She described in her compositions the people and places ____ impressed her most.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. who15. He lend me several books, ____ were very good.A. five of whichB. of whichC. which of fiveD. five16. We still remember the day ____ we spent doing the experiment.A. whenB. whichC. whatD. on which高考真题：2007年1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.（上海卷）A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it2. —Where did you get to know her?—It was on the farm _________ we worked. （山东卷）A．that B．there C．which D．where3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. （安徽卷）A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of whom4. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy（北京卷）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom5. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ canbe very eye-opening and rewarding. （湖南卷）A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that6. He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University. （江苏卷）A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that7. After graduation she reached a point in her career she heeded to decide what to do. （江西卷）A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _______they learn simple games and songs.（全国卷I）A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where9. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. （陕西卷）A. whichB. asC. whyD. where10. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad．（上海春）A．that B．all that C．all what D．which11. It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. （四川卷）A．they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which 12. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing. （天津卷）A. when whose C. which D. where13. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. （浙江卷）A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can becontrolled on purpose. （重庆卷）A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for which15. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company. （辽宁卷）A. after thatB. after whichC. after itD. after this16.The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. （福建卷）A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where2008年1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （福建卷）A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. （湖南卷）A.most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that3. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’stourist attractions. （江苏卷）A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where4. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. （山东卷）A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when5. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （江西卷）A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which6. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.(全国II)A. itB. whatC. whichD. that7. T omorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _________ the party is to be held? （陕西卷）A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where8. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds. （陕西卷）A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which9. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _______ New York is an example. (四川卷)A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which10. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago. （浙江卷）A. whomB. whereC. thatD. which11. I’ll give you your friend’s home address, I can be reached most evenings. （北京卷）A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where12. They will fly to Washington, ___ they plan to stay for two or three days. （重庆卷）A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when13. We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the rural areas(上海卷).A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which。