6.增词法amplification
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She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast.
译文一：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花 儿。
译文二：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花，连胸 中也生出了花。
Some processes, such as oil refining,
A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这 种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。
He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感觉到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
Divorce is increasing in this country with growing urbanization. 这个国家的城市越来越多，离婚率也越来越高。
The major problem in fabrication is the control of contamination and foreign materials. 制造过程中的主要问题是如何控制沾染和杂质。
The tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention of the world. 中东的紧张局势已引起全世界的广泛关注。
Mobile phones became popular only 3 years ago. 手机3年前才成为大众喜爱的东西。
他每天来干活——扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。
The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable plane.
这种高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。
Having a lot of advantages, this machine will eventually be improved upon.
backwardness
现代化
必要性
落后状态/落后局面
normalization modification advantage
正常状态
修改方案 有利条件/有利地位/有利之处
remedies
confusion saturation
补救措施/补救方法 混乱局面 饱和状态
measurement
Ⅰ. Classification of Amplification in English-Chinese Translation
1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词）
This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, measure words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns.
may be completely automated from start to finish. 有些生产过程，如石油的提炼，可以自始至终全部实 现自动化。
In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后， 他还得起草最后公报。
redundancy
测量方法/测量结果 多余信息
After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 在所有的准备工作就绪之后，飞机起飞了。
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guiltLeabharlann Baidu。 他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿 子有罪。
The export is not permitted to exceed its limitation. 出口货物不得超出有关货物限制范围。
In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments. 为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多 十年的时间做了近50，000次实验。
尽管这台机器有很多优点，它总有一天会被别的机器 超过的。
Mary washes for a living after her husband died of cancer.
玛丽在丈夫得癌症去世之后，靠给人洗衣服维持生活。
Definition of Amplification
Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on
Reasons for applying this translation
skill:
In fact it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”.
This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background.
Therefore, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and phrases, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to the original patterns without alteration and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.
the basis of accurate comprehension of the original, making the version grammatically correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate.
1. 2 Amplifying Nouns
complacency jealousy madness arrogance
自满情绪
嫉妒心理
疯狂行为 傲慢态度
transformation complexity segregation
转化过程
复杂性/复杂局面 隔离政策/隔离措施
modernization necessity
These kinds of words are amplified so that they can express the intended or implied lexical or contextual meanings of the SL text clearly and exactly, or in other words, they are amplified so as to make the implied lexical meanings in the SL text concrete, clear, and idiomatic.
1. 1 Amplifying Verbs
Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this!?
译文一：啊，汤姆·康第，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中， 现在这番景象却是多么显赫啊！
译文二：汤姆·康第原来(who was born)生在可怜巴巴 的人家(in misery)，穿得破破烂烂(in rags)，一身邋 里邋遢(in dirt)，现在(what sight is this)换了这身装 束，啊，是何等气派！
This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
Even countries with large populations
like Britain and the United States are
seriously considering imitating the Swedish. 甚至连人口众多的美国和英国之类的国家也在 认真考虑仿效瑞典的这种做法。
There were no speeches, no foreign
diplomats, no “ordinary people” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有普通人 挥舞纸棋、花束的场面。
Matter can be changed into energy, and energy（） into matter. 物质可以转化成能量，能量也可以转化为物质。
Translation Skills
---Amplification
West China’s economy is still backward. 中国西部的经济现在还处于落后状态。
Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
At the same time, inequality has become worse. 同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。
1. 3 Amplifying Generalization Words
（增加概括词）
概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语 句子中并没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往 往可以加入“两人”、“双方”、“等”、 “等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略 掉英语中的连接词。
He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。
For may own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery. 在我看来，我认为这完全是一个要么赢得自 由要么沦为奴隶的问题。
As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or to subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his or her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the language to be translated into.
译文一：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花 儿。
译文二：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花，连胸 中也生出了花。
Some processes, such as oil refining,
A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这 种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。
He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感觉到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
Divorce is increasing in this country with growing urbanization. 这个国家的城市越来越多，离婚率也越来越高。
The major problem in fabrication is the control of contamination and foreign materials. 制造过程中的主要问题是如何控制沾染和杂质。
The tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention of the world. 中东的紧张局势已引起全世界的广泛关注。
Mobile phones became popular only 3 years ago. 手机3年前才成为大众喜爱的东西。
他每天来干活——扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。
The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable plane.
这种高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。
Having a lot of advantages, this machine will eventually be improved upon.
backwardness
现代化
必要性
落后状态/落后局面
normalization modification advantage
正常状态
修改方案 有利条件/有利地位/有利之处
remedies
confusion saturation
补救措施/补救方法 混乱局面 饱和状态
measurement
Ⅰ. Classification of Amplification in English-Chinese Translation
1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词）
This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, measure words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns.
may be completely automated from start to finish. 有些生产过程，如石油的提炼，可以自始至终全部实 现自动化。
In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后， 他还得起草最后公报。
redundancy
测量方法/测量结果 多余信息
After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 在所有的准备工作就绪之后，飞机起飞了。
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guiltLeabharlann Baidu。 他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿 子有罪。
The export is not permitted to exceed its limitation. 出口货物不得超出有关货物限制范围。
In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments. 为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多 十年的时间做了近50，000次实验。
尽管这台机器有很多优点，它总有一天会被别的机器 超过的。
Mary washes for a living after her husband died of cancer.
玛丽在丈夫得癌症去世之后，靠给人洗衣服维持生活。
Definition of Amplification
Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on
Reasons for applying this translation
skill:
In fact it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”.
This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background.
Therefore, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and phrases, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to the original patterns without alteration and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.
the basis of accurate comprehension of the original, making the version grammatically correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate.
1. 2 Amplifying Nouns
complacency jealousy madness arrogance
自满情绪
嫉妒心理
疯狂行为 傲慢态度
transformation complexity segregation
转化过程
复杂性/复杂局面 隔离政策/隔离措施
modernization necessity
These kinds of words are amplified so that they can express the intended or implied lexical or contextual meanings of the SL text clearly and exactly, or in other words, they are amplified so as to make the implied lexical meanings in the SL text concrete, clear, and idiomatic.
1. 1 Amplifying Verbs
Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this!?
译文一：啊，汤姆·康第，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中， 现在这番景象却是多么显赫啊！
译文二：汤姆·康第原来(who was born)生在可怜巴巴 的人家(in misery)，穿得破破烂烂(in rags)，一身邋 里邋遢(in dirt)，现在(what sight is this)换了这身装 束，啊，是何等气派！
This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
Even countries with large populations
like Britain and the United States are
seriously considering imitating the Swedish. 甚至连人口众多的美国和英国之类的国家也在 认真考虑仿效瑞典的这种做法。
There were no speeches, no foreign
diplomats, no “ordinary people” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有普通人 挥舞纸棋、花束的场面。
Matter can be changed into energy, and energy（） into matter. 物质可以转化成能量，能量也可以转化为物质。
Translation Skills
---Amplification
West China’s economy is still backward. 中国西部的经济现在还处于落后状态。
Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
At the same time, inequality has become worse. 同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。
1. 3 Amplifying Generalization Words
（增加概括词）
概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语 句子中并没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往 往可以加入“两人”、“双方”、“等”、 “等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略 掉英语中的连接词。
He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。
For may own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery. 在我看来，我认为这完全是一个要么赢得自 由要么沦为奴隶的问题。
As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or to subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his or her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the language to be translated into.